See brawl on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for brawl meaning in All languages combined (40.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brall"
},
"expansion": "brall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast"
},
"expansion": "brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bray"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bralle"
},
"expansion": "bralle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braul"
},
"expansion": "braul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braule"
},
"expansion": "braule",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brawle",
"3": "",
"4": "disturbance, squabble; brawl"
},
"expansion": "brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "braulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barroom brawl"
},
{
"word": "bench-clearing brawl"
},
{
"word": "brawly"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874 December 18, John M. Shirley, state reporter, “State v. Rollins”, in Reports of Cases in the Superior Court of Judicature of New Hampshire, volume LV, Concord, N.H.: Published by Josiah B. Sanborn, published 1876, →OCLC, page 102",
"text": "The complaint charged that the defendants, on, etc., at, etc., \"in a certain public place, to wit, in a certain school-house in which a singing-school was then and there being held, did make a great brawl and tumult, and stamped their feet on the floor, hissed, used loud and saucy language, and were guilty of rude, indecent, and disorderly conduct.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1940 June 21, “Further Statement of Thad H. Brown, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C.”, in Nomination of Thad H. Brown: Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, Seventy-sixth Congress, Third Session on the Nomination of Thad H. Brown on Reappointment as Federal Communications Commissioner […], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 81",
"text": "It has been reported that an entertainment took place not long ago in a certain \"hot spot\" in New York City, and it has been charged that members of the Federal Communications Commission were present; that they got into a drunken brawl; and in the brawl some woman was hurt, her arm twisted.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 26, Christopher D. Shea, “‘T2 Trainspotting’: The early reviews”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-21",
"text": "Robert Carlyle appears as Begbie, who starts brawls with almost anyone who crosses his path; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-N0V888up",
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "row"
},
{
"word": "scuffle"
},
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "dispute"
},
{
"word": "fight"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kṙiv",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "կռիվ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uličen skandal",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "уличен скандал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumna kavga",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "шумна кавга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打鬧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnào",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打闹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎjià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǎojià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "吵架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "鬥毆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòu'ōu",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "斗殴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rvačka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vechtpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tappelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nujakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bagarre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"France",
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "baston"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rifa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puna"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gurra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liaraza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauferei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlägerei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Getümmel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prügelei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kavgás",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυγάς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spastikós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "σπαστικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolōiós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κολῳός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qtatá",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קְטָטָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bunyó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "áflog"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardagi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "slagsmál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "combattimento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "battaglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baruffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zuffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litigata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruffa"
},
{
"alt": "らんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rantō",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "乱闘"
},
{
"alt": "けんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "喧嘩"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "laḍạ̄ē",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "لَڑٲے"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "jạgḍụ",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "جٔگڑٕ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sodong",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "소동"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tépačka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "те́пачка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karánica",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́ница"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "ady"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "slåsskamp"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kotak-kâri",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "کتککاری"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schläajarie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bijatyka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burda"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "rude",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chryja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozróba"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zadyma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwada"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "napierdalanka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "awantura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "confronto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pancadaria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "încăierare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceartă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dráka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дра́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potasóvka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потасо́вка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "trifulca"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagsmål"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bråk"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amenɣi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "hırgür"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "kavga"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffrwgwd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ffrygydau"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brawler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "brawling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brall"
},
"expansion": "brall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast"
},
"expansion": "brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bray"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bralle"
},
"expansion": "bralle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braul"
},
"expansion": "braul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braule"
},
"expansion": "braule",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brawle",
"3": "",
"4": "disturbance, squabble; brawl"
},
"expansion": "brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "braulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1676, Henry Cornelius Agrippa [i.e., Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim], “Of Logick”, in The Vanity of Arts and Sciences, London: Printed by J. C. for Samuel Speed, […], →OCLC, page 43",
"text": "Theſe are the deep and profound Myſteries of Artificial Logick, invented with ſo much care by theſe fallacious Doctors, [...] Theſe are the Nets, and theſe are the Hounds with which they hunt the Truth of all things, whether natural, as in Phyſicks; or ſupernatural, as in Metaphyſicks: but according to the Proverb of Clodius and Varro, can never overtake, by reaſon of their bawling and brawling one with another.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Humphrey Prideaux, “Book VI”, in The Old and New Testament Connected, in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, from the Declension of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, to the Time of Christ, part I, volume II, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Schaw & Co., […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 417",
"text": "As long as they [Xanthippe and Myrto, Socrates' wives] diſagreed, they were continually ſcolding, brawling, or fighting, with each other; and whenever they agreed, they both joined in brawling [verb sense 2] at him, and often fell on him with their fiſts as well as with their tongues, and beat him ſoundly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1763, John Henderson, “Sect. XVI. Soliloquy on the Unerring Motions of the Spirit.”, in James Thomson, editor, Divine Meditations and Contemplations, in Prose and Verse, on Some of the Most Important and Interesting Doctrines of Christianity. […], Glasgow: Printed for James Thomson, […], and sold by him […], and by J. Trail, W. Gray, and J. Wood, […]; and by R. Smith, jun. […], →OCLC, page 305",
"text": "[U]pon every trifle, the vitiated faculties of thy ſoul are inflamed with immoderate and moſt irregular paſſion, ſo that thou often brawleſt, and art made thereby to roar like a wild bull caught in a thicket: [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-66l9XJJ2",
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"brawl",
"#Noun"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "wrangle"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam se",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "карам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prát se"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát se"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "knokpartij"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "räyhätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "nujakoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "se bagarrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "estalifar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "eslatrifarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "gurrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "reñer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "raufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slást"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "berjast"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "fljúgast á"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "disputachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähissä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "combattere"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "litigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "baruffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "accapigliarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rixor"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "miady"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "دعوا کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bujanitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "буянить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dratʹsja",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "драться"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buzitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "бузить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "pelear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 8 13 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slåss"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 24 15 4 11 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 5 12 11 4 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1560, Thomas Ingelend, A Pretie and Mery New Enterlude, Called The Disobedient Child, imprinted at London: […] [B]y Thomas Colwell, →OCLC; republished as John S. Farmer, editor, The Disobedient Child (The Tudor Facsimile Texts; 42), London, Edinburgh: Issued for subscribers by T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC",
"text": "She [the son's wife] is one that is euermore full of ſtryfe / And of all Scolders beareth the Bell. / When ſhe ſpeaketh beſt, ſhe brawleth her tonge / When ſhe is ſtyll ſhe fyghteth apace: / She is an olde Witch thoughe ſhe be yonge, / No mirth with her, no ioye or ſolace.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1862 April, “The Bicentenary Commemoration of 1662”, in The Ecclesiastic and Theologian, volume XXIV, London: Joseph Masters, […]; Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. H. and James Parker; A. R. Mowbray; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Hall and Son; Derby, Derbyshire: J. and C. Mozley, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "He [one Samuel Tuke] blasphemeth God's Holy Word, preacheth sedition and rebellion, telleth in the pulpit many foolish lies and ridiculous tales, brawleth against the reverend and learned ministers of the country, and raileth upon the worshipful gentry; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-J8ggYI7r",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 24 15 4 11 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 5 12 11 4 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1793, W[illiam] Wordsworth, An Evening Walk. An Epistle; in Verse. […], London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC; republished as “The Female Beggar. From Wordsworth’s Evening Walk.”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, or Literary Miscellany, volume III (New Series), Edinburgh: Printed for James Symington […] and sold in London by H. Murray […], and W. Boag […], May 1794, →OCLC, page 387, column 1",
"text": "―When low-hung clouds each ſtar of ſummer hide, / And fireleſs are the valleys far and wide, / Where the brook brawls along the painful road, / Dark with bat haunted aſhes ſtretching broad, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1814, J. H. Craig [pseudonym; James Hogg], The Hunting of Badlewe: A Dramatic Tale, London: H[enry] Colburn; Edinburgh: G. Goldie, →OCLC, page 1; quoted in “The Hunting of Badlewe, a Dramatic Tale. 8vo. Edin. 1814. [From the Scottish Review.]”, in The Analectic Magazine, Containing Selections from Foreign Reviews and Magazines, together with Original Miscellaneous Compositions, volume V (New Series), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published and sold by Moses Thomas, […], May 1815, →OCLC, pages 353–354",
"text": "What seek we here / Amid this waste where desolation scowls, / And the red torrent, brawling down the linn, / Sings everlasting discord?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-QaGK0vDi",
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"stream",
"stream#Noun"
],
[
"running",
"run#Verb"
],
[
"stones",
"stone#Noun"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-2mmC9PJi",
"links": [
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse#Noun"
],
[
"scold",
"scold#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "French branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brand"
},
"expansion": "brand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "branc",
"3": "",
"4": "blade of a sword"
},
"expansion": "branc (“blade of a sword”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*brandus",
"4": "",
"5": "firebrand; flaming sword; sword"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenu-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 24 15 4 11 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 5 12 11 4 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 14 9 10 11 10 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-~sIDP5cv",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
],
[
"quiver",
"quiver#Verb"
],
[
"shake",
"shake#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vibrate"
},
{
"word": "waver"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branle",
"4": "",
"5": "type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake"
},
"expansion": "French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "branler",
"3": "",
"4": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brawl",
"3": "",
"4": "(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake"
},
"expansion": "brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.\nAlternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dance",
"orig": "en:Dance",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 24 15 4 11 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 29 20 4 10 12 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 5 12 11 4 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dance move or step."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-0eMMI6dM",
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"move",
"move#Noun"
],
[
"step",
"step#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, obsolete) A type of dance move or step."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance",
"word": "branle"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dance",
"orig": "en:Dance",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 24 15 4 11 21 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 5 12 11 4 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-xS90yKTx",
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"branle",
"branle#English"
],
[
"French",
"French#Adjective"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"couples",
"couple#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, music, historical) Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"music",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barroom brawl"
},
{
"word": "bench-clearing brawl"
},
{
"word": "brawly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brall"
},
"expansion": "brall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast"
},
"expansion": "brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bray"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bralle"
},
"expansion": "bralle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braul"
},
"expansion": "braul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braule"
},
"expansion": "braule",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brawle",
"3": "",
"4": "disturbance, squabble; brawl"
},
"expansion": "brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "braulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874 December 18, John M. Shirley, state reporter, “State v. Rollins”, in Reports of Cases in the Superior Court of Judicature of New Hampshire, volume LV, Concord, N.H.: Published by Josiah B. Sanborn, published 1876, →OCLC, page 102",
"text": "The complaint charged that the defendants, on, etc., at, etc., \"in a certain public place, to wit, in a certain school-house in which a singing-school was then and there being held, did make a great brawl and tumult, and stamped their feet on the floor, hissed, used loud and saucy language, and were guilty of rude, indecent, and disorderly conduct.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1940 June 21, “Further Statement of Thad H. Brown, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C.”, in Nomination of Thad H. Brown: Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, Seventy-sixth Congress, Third Session on the Nomination of Thad H. Brown on Reappointment as Federal Communications Commissioner […], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 81",
"text": "It has been reported that an entertainment took place not long ago in a certain \"hot spot\" in New York City, and it has been charged that members of the Federal Communications Commission were present; that they got into a drunken brawl; and in the brawl some woman was hurt, her arm twisted.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 26, Christopher D. Shea, “‘T2 Trainspotting’: The early reviews”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-21",
"text": "Robert Carlyle appears as Begbie, who starts brawls with almost anyone who crosses his path; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved."
],
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "row"
},
{
"word": "scuffle"
},
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "dispute"
},
{
"word": "fight"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kṙiv",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "կռիվ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uličen skandal",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "уличен скандал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumna kavga",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "шумна кавга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打鬧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnào",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打闹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎjià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǎojià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "吵架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "鬥毆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòu'ōu",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "斗殴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rvačka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vechtpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tappelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nujakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bagarre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"France",
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "baston"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rifa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puna"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gurra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liaraza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauferei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlägerei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Getümmel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prügelei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kavgás",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυγάς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spastikós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "σπαστικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolōiós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κολῳός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qtatá",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קְטָטָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bunyó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "áflog"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardagi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "slagsmál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "combattimento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "battaglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baruffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zuffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litigata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruffa"
},
{
"alt": "らんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rantō",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "乱闘"
},
{
"alt": "けんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "喧嘩"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "laḍạ̄ē",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "لَڑٲے"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "jạgḍụ",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "جٔگڑٕ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sodong",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "소동"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tépačka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "те́пачка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karánica",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́ница"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "ady"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "slåsskamp"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kotak-kâri",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "کتککاری"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schläajarie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bijatyka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burda"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "rude",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chryja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozróba"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zadyma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwada"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "napierdalanka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "awantura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "confronto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pancadaria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "încăierare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceartă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dráka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дра́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potasóvka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потасо́вка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "trifulca"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagsmål"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bråk"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amenɣi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "hırgür"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "kavga"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffrwgwd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ffrygydau"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brawler"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "brawling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brall"
},
"expansion": "brall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast"
},
"expansion": "brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bray"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bralle"
},
"expansion": "bralle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braul"
},
"expansion": "braul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braule"
},
"expansion": "braule",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "brawle",
"3": "",
"4": "disturbance, squabble; brawl"
},
"expansion": "brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "braulen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1676, Henry Cornelius Agrippa [i.e., Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim], “Of Logick”, in The Vanity of Arts and Sciences, London: Printed by J. C. for Samuel Speed, […], →OCLC, page 43",
"text": "Theſe are the deep and profound Myſteries of Artificial Logick, invented with ſo much care by theſe fallacious Doctors, [...] Theſe are the Nets, and theſe are the Hounds with which they hunt the Truth of all things, whether natural, as in Phyſicks; or ſupernatural, as in Metaphyſicks: but according to the Proverb of Clodius and Varro, can never overtake, by reaſon of their bawling and brawling one with another.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Humphrey Prideaux, “Book VI”, in The Old and New Testament Connected, in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, from the Declension of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, to the Time of Christ, part I, volume II, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Schaw & Co., […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 417",
"text": "As long as they [Xanthippe and Myrto, Socrates' wives] diſagreed, they were continually ſcolding, brawling, or fighting, with each other; and whenever they agreed, they both joined in brawling [verb sense 2] at him, and often fell on him with their fiſts as well as with their tongues, and beat him ſoundly.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1763, John Henderson, “Sect. XVI. Soliloquy on the Unerring Motions of the Spirit.”, in James Thomson, editor, Divine Meditations and Contemplations, in Prose and Verse, on Some of the Most Important and Interesting Doctrines of Christianity. […], Glasgow: Printed for James Thomson, […], and sold by him […], and by J. Trail, W. Gray, and J. Wood, […]; and by R. Smith, jun. […], →OCLC, page 305",
"text": "[U]pon every trifle, the vitiated faculties of thy ſoul are inflamed with immoderate and moſt irregular paſſion, ſo that thou often brawleſt, and art made thereby to roar like a wild bull caught in a thicket: [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"brawl",
"#Noun"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "wrangle"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1560, Thomas Ingelend, A Pretie and Mery New Enterlude, Called The Disobedient Child, imprinted at London: […] [B]y Thomas Colwell, →OCLC; republished as John S. Farmer, editor, The Disobedient Child (The Tudor Facsimile Texts; 42), London, Edinburgh: Issued for subscribers by T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC",
"text": "She [the son's wife] is one that is euermore full of ſtryfe / And of all Scolders beareth the Bell. / When ſhe ſpeaketh beſt, ſhe brawleth her tonge / When ſhe is ſtyll ſhe fyghteth apace: / She is an olde Witch thoughe ſhe be yonge, / No mirth with her, no ioye or ſolace.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1862 April, “The Bicentenary Commemoration of 1662”, in The Ecclesiastic and Theologian, volume XXIV, London: Joseph Masters, […]; Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. H. and James Parker; A. R. Mowbray; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Hall and Son; Derby, Derbyshire: J. and C. Mozley, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "He [one Samuel Tuke] blasphemeth God's Holy Word, preacheth sedition and rebellion, telleth in the pulpit many foolish lies and ridiculous tales, brawleth against the reverend and learned ministers of the country, and raileth upon the worshipful gentry; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1793, W[illiam] Wordsworth, An Evening Walk. An Epistle; in Verse. […], London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC; republished as “The Female Beggar. From Wordsworth’s Evening Walk.”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, or Literary Miscellany, volume III (New Series), Edinburgh: Printed for James Symington […] and sold in London by H. Murray […], and W. Boag […], May 1794, →OCLC, page 387, column 1",
"text": "―When low-hung clouds each ſtar of ſummer hide, / And fireleſs are the valleys far and wide, / Where the brook brawls along the painful road, / Dark with bat haunted aſhes ſtretching broad, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1814, J. H. Craig [pseudonym; James Hogg], The Hunting of Badlewe: A Dramatic Tale, London: H[enry] Colburn; Edinburgh: G. Goldie, →OCLC, page 1; quoted in “The Hunting of Badlewe, a Dramatic Tale. 8vo. Edin. 1814. [From the Scottish Review.]”, in The Analectic Magazine, Containing Selections from Foreign Reviews and Magazines, together with Original Miscellaneous Compositions, volume V (New Series), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published and sold by Moses Thomas, […], May 1815, →OCLC, pages 353–354",
"text": "What seek we here / Amid this waste where desolation scowls, / And the red torrent, brawling down the linn, / Sings everlasting discord?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"stream",
"stream#Noun"
],
[
"running",
"run#Verb"
],
[
"stones",
"stone#Noun"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"links": [
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse#Noun"
],
[
"scold",
"scold#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam se",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "карам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prát se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "knokpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "räyhätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "nujakoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "se bagarrer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "estalifar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "eslatrifarse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lidar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "gurrar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "reñer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "raufen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slást"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "berjast"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "fljúgast á"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "disputachar"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähissä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "combattere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "litigare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "baruffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "accapigliarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rixor"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "miady"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "دعوا کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bujanitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "буянить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dratʹsja",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "драться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buzitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "бузить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "pelear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slåss"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "French branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "brand"
},
"expansion": "brand",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "branc",
"3": "",
"4": "blade of a sword"
},
"expansion": "branc (“blade of a sword”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*brandus",
"4": "",
"5": "firebrand; flaming sword; sword"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenu-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
],
[
"quiver",
"quiver#Verb"
],
[
"shake",
"shake#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vibrate"
},
{
"word": "waver"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branle",
"4": "",
"5": "type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake"
},
"expansion": "French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "branler",
"3": "",
"4": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brawl",
"3": "",
"4": "(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake"
},
"expansion": "brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.\nAlternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Dance"
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dance move or step."
],
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"move",
"move#Noun"
],
[
"step",
"step#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, obsolete) A type of dance move or step."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance",
"word": "branle"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Dance",
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"branle",
"branle#English"
],
[
"French",
"French#Adjective"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"couples",
"couple#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, music, historical) Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"music",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.