See affray in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for affray meaning in English (13.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "affrayer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "affrayment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affraien",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, frighten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esfreer",
"3": "",
"4": "to disturb, remove the peace from"
},
"expansion": "esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "effrayer"
},
"expansion": "effrayer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exfrido",
"4": "*exfridāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "es-",
"4": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "es- (“ex-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "freer",
"4": "to secure, secure the peace"
},
"expansion": "freer (“to secure, secure the peace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*friþu",
"5": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"4": "",
"5": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frijōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to free; to love"
},
"expansion": "*frijōną (“to free; to love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prēy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prēy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fridu",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fridu (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþ",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, frith"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ (“peace, frith”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "frēod",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "afear"
},
"expansion": "afear",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "friend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affrays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affraying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affrayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affrayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affray (third-person singular simple present affrays, present participle affraying, simple past and past participle affrayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "afraid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-verb-Ri31BiRF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-verb-MU6H7QJl",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "afray"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affraien",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, frighten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esfreer",
"3": "",
"4": "to disturb, remove the peace from"
},
"expansion": "esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "effrayer"
},
"expansion": "effrayer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exfrido",
"4": "*exfridāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "es-",
"4": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "es- (“ex-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "freer",
"4": "to secure, secure the peace"
},
"expansion": "freer (“to secure, secure the peace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*friþu",
"5": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"4": "",
"5": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frijōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to free; to love"
},
"expansion": "*frijōną (“to free; to love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prēy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prēy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fridu",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fridu (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþ",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, frith"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ (“peace, frith”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "frēod",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "afear"
},
"expansion": "afear",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "friend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affrays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "affray (countable and uncountable, plural affrays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fray"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, 8 November, \"Rugby league journalist Gary Carter critically ill after Bethnal Green attack\", BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34755963",
"text": "A 22-year-old man was also arrested in connection with the incident for affray towards attending paramedics."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of suddenly disturbing anyone; an assault or attack."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-noun-JkHeAnGg",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tumultuous assault or quarrel."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-noun-AkFNwqbG",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sbivane",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сбиване"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brega"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kahakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kekeritanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 79 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 11 60 2 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The affray in the busy marketplace caused great terror and disorder.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-noun-4PRRoSZp",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Terror."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-noun-gctamGVm",
"links": [
[
"Terror",
"terror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Terror."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "afray"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fray"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brawl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "terror"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fright"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tus",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preyH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affrayer"
},
{
"word": "affrayment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affraien",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, frighten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esfreer",
"3": "",
"4": "to disturb, remove the peace from"
},
"expansion": "esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "effrayer"
},
"expansion": "effrayer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exfrido",
"4": "*exfridāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "es-",
"4": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "es- (“ex-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "freer",
"4": "to secure, secure the peace"
},
"expansion": "freer (“to secure, secure the peace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*friþu",
"5": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"4": "",
"5": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frijōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to free; to love"
},
"expansion": "*frijōną (“to free; to love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prēy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prēy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fridu",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fridu (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþ",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, frith"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ (“peace, frith”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "frēod",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "afear"
},
"expansion": "afear",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "friend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affrays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "affraying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "affrayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "affrayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "affray (third-person singular simple present affrays, present participle affraying, simple past and past participle affrayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "afraid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afray"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-tus",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preyH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-",
"4": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affraien",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, frighten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esfreer",
"3": "",
"4": "to disturb, remove the peace from"
},
"expansion": "esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "effrayer"
},
"expansion": "effrayer",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exfrido",
"4": "*exfridāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "es-",
"4": "ex-"
},
"expansion": "es- (“ex-”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "",
"3": "freer",
"4": "to secure, secure the peace"
},
"expansion": "freer (“to secure, secure the peace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*friþu",
"5": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"4": "",
"5": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frijōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to free; to love"
},
"expansion": "*frijōną (“to free; to love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prēy-",
"3": "",
"4": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prēy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fridu",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fridu (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþ",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, frith"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ (“peace, frith”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "frēod",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "afear"
},
"expansion": "afear",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "friend"
},
"expansion": "friend",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affrays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "affray (countable and uncountable, plural affrays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fray"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, 8 November, \"Rugby league journalist Gary Carter critically ill after Bethnal Green attack\", BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34755963",
"text": "A 22-year-old man was also arrested in connection with the incident for affray towards attending paramedics."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of suddenly disturbing anyone; an assault or attack."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tumultuous assault or quarrel."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The affray in the busy marketplace caused great terror and disorder.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Terror."
],
"links": [
[
"Terror",
"terror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Terror."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-affray.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fray"
},
{
"word": "brawl"
},
{
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"word": "terror"
},
{
"word": "fright"
},
{
"word": "afray"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sbivane",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сбиване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brega"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kahakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähäkkä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kekeritanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motim"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.