See affray in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "affrayment"
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
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},
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{
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},
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},
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"args": {
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"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
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{
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},
{
"form": "affraying",
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},
{
"form": "affrayed",
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"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "afraid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-verb-Ri31BiRF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:",
"text": "That voice doth us affray.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-verb-MU6H7QJl",
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"(archaic, transitive) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
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]
}
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{
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, 8 November, \"Rugby league journalist Gary Carter critically ill after Bethnal Green attack\", BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34755963",
"text": "A 22-year-old man was also arrested in connection with the incident for affray towards attending paramedics."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of suddenly disturbing anyone; an assault or attack."
],
"id": "en-affray-en-noun-JkHeAnGg",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tumultuous assault or quarrel."
],
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"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sbivane",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сбиване"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brega"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kahakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähäkkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kekeritanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 81 6 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motim"
}
]
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],
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{
"text": "The affray in the busy marketplace caused great terror and disorder.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others."
],
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{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "full of ghastly fright and cold affray",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Terror."
],
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[
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"(obsolete) Terror."
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
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"derived": [
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{
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{
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{
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"4": "peace, frith"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
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"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
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{
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"senses": [
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"To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
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"(archaic, transitive) To startle from quiet; to alarm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:",
"text": "That voice doth us affray.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, transitive) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afray"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preyH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*preyH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "affraien",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, frighten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "afrayer",
"4": "",
"5": "to terrify, disquiet, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "effreer"
},
"expansion": "Old French effreer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*exfrido",
"4": "*exfridāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "*friþu",
"5": "security, peace"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"4": "",
"5": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prāy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prāy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fridu",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "Old High German fridu (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþ",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, frith"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ (“peace, frith”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "frēod",
"3": "",
"4": "peace, friendship"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Friede",
"3": "",
"4": "peace"
},
"expansion": "German Friede (“peace”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English affraien (“to terrify, frighten”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”) and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”) (compare modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre or from es- (“ex-”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). Cognate with Old High German fridu (“peace”), Old English friþ (“peace, frith”), Old English frēod (“peace, friendship”), German Friede (“peace”). Compare also afear. More at free, friend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "affrays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "affray (countable and uncountable, plural affrays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fray"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, 8 November, \"Rugby league journalist Gary Carter critically ill after Bethnal Green attack\", BBC News http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34755963",
"text": "A 22-year-old man was also arrested in connection with the incident for affray towards attending paramedics."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of suddenly disturbing anyone; an assault or attack."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A tumultuous assault or quarrel."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The affray in the busy marketplace caused great terror and disorder.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "full of ghastly fright and cold affray",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Terror."
],
"links": [
[
"Terror",
"terror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Terror."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈfɹeɪ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-affray.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-affray.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fray"
},
{
"word": "brawl"
},
{
"word": "alarm"
},
{
"word": "terror"
},
{
"word": "fright"
},
{
"word": "afray"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sbivane",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "сбиване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brega"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kahakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "rähäkkä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"word": "kekeritanga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desordem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a sudden assault or quarrel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motim"
}
],
"word": "affray"
}
Download raw JSONL data for affray meaning in English (12.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.