See struggle on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for struggle meaning in All languages combined (47.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "armed struggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "class struggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "counterstruggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "death-struggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "power struggle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggle-buggy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggle bus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggleful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggleism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggle kid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggleless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggle meal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggle session"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strugglesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "struggly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "the struggle is real"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "struglen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English struglen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stroglen"
},
"expansion": "stroglen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strogelen"
},
"expansion": "strogelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strugil",
"3": "",
"4": "to struggle, grapple, contend"
},
"expansion": "Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*strokelen"
},
"expansion": "*strokelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*stroukelen"
},
"expansion": "*stroukelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stroll"
},
"expansion": "stroll",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "> English stroll"
},
"expansion": "(> English stroll)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "struyckelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch struyckelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struikelen"
},
"expansion": "struikelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">struikelen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*strūkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strūkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff"
},
"expansion": "*strūkēną (“to be stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strug-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strug-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ster-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall"
},
"expansion": "*ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "strûkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German strûkelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "strükeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German strükeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble\"; > Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds\">strükeln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German strūhhēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhōn"
},
"expansion": "strūhhōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "strauchen"
},
"expansion": "German strauchen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straucheln"
},
"expansion": "straucheln",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">strauchen</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">straucheln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "strúgr",
"4": "",
"5": "arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le",
"pos1": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "-le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkaz",
"4": "",
"5": "stiff, rigid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "contention, strife, discord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "stru",
"3": "",
"4": "obstinate, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "struende",
"3": "",
"4": "reluctantly"
},
"expansion": "Danish struende (“reluctantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task"
},
"expansion": "Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen (\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen (\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn (\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln).\nAlternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "struggles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "struggle (plural struggles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"strug‧gle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A contortion of the body in an attempt to escape or to perform a difficult task."
],
"id": "en-struggle-en-noun-JCbRy8oe",
"links": [
[
"contortion",
"contortion"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"escape",
"escape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Rachel Timoner, “Book Review: Textual Activism by Rabbi Mike Moskowitz”, in Tikkun",
"text": "R. Moskowitz charges cisgender readers to be as conscious and deliberate with our religious identities as transgender and gender non-conforming people are with theirs, arguing that holiness is only achieved through continuous and unrelenting struggle and change.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strife, contention, great effort."
],
"id": "en-struggle-en-noun-Imu0Rv61",
"links": [
[
"Strife",
"strife"
],
[
"contention",
"contention"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "stryd"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luftë"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përleshje"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kifāḥ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "كِفَاح"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "niḍāl",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نِضَال"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jihād",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جِهَاد"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mubāraza",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُبَارَزَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qitāl",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قِتَال"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paykʻar",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "պայքար"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "mübarizə"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "körəş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "көрәш"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "borroka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baracʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барацьба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zmahánnje",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "змага́нне"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bítva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бі́тва"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "borbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bítka",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "tuikpwai:",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "တိုက်ပွဲ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lluita"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhēngzhá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "掙扎"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奮鬥"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fèndòu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奋斗"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "鬥爭"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòuzhēng",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "斗争"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zápas"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitva"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gevecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strijd"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "lukto"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "lahing"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "taistelu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lutte"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loita"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breiga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baralla"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "č̣idili",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ჭიდილი"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kampf"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gefecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'khimá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "לְחִימָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅgharṣ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "संघर्ष"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "laṛāī",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "लड़ाई"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "küzdelem"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "küszködés"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "igyekezet"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "erőfeszítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "harc"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "viaskodás"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "barátta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ulet"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sníomh"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "ふんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funtō",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奮闘"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "とうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōsō",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "闘争"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "たたかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tatakai",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "戦い"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "küres",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "күрес"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "奮鬪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "buntu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "분투"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "鬪爭",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tujaeng",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "투쟁"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "苦鬪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gotu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "고투"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssaum",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "싸움"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "küröş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "күрөш"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cīņa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "borba",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борба"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bitka",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "битка"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бој"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "pōrāṭṭaṁ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "പോരാട്ടം"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "hōkariri"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "tawhetatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "nonoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "takaoraoratanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "takaoraora"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "tāruketanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "temcel",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тэмцэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dragkamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dragkamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peykâr",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "پیکار"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobâreze",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "مبارزه"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "walka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bój"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luptă"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "borʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борьба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bítva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тва"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iomairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бо̀рба"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "би̏тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бо̑ј"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bòrba"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bȉtka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bȏj"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zápas"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borba"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lucha"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forcejeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "brega"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "muboriza",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "мубориза"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "paykor",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "пайкор"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "muhoriba",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "муҳориба"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "taloš",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "талош"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jang",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ҷанг"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "pōrāṭṭam",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "போராட்டம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "köräş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "көрәш"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pōrāṭaṁ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "పోరాటం"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-dîn-ron",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "การดิ้นรน"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "weta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "mücadele"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "vuruşma"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "göreş"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "borotʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "боротьба́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bij",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бій"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "býtva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тва"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "küresh",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "كۈرەش"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "kurash"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "(cuộc) đấu tranh"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kamf",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאַמף"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrʌɡəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹʌɡl̩]",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-struggle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg/En-us-struggle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stroggell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "strogell"
}
],
"word": "struggle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "struggler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "struggling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unstruggling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "struglen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English struglen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stroglen"
},
"expansion": "stroglen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strogelen"
},
"expansion": "strogelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strugil",
"3": "",
"4": "to struggle, grapple, contend"
},
"expansion": "Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*strokelen"
},
"expansion": "*strokelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*stroukelen"
},
"expansion": "*stroukelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stroll"
},
"expansion": "stroll",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "> English stroll"
},
"expansion": "(> English stroll)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "struyckelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch struyckelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struikelen"
},
"expansion": "struikelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">struikelen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*strūkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strūkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff"
},
"expansion": "*strūkēną (“to be stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strug-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strug-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ster-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall"
},
"expansion": "*ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "strûkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German strûkelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "strükeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German strükeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble\"; > Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds\">strükeln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German strūhhēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhōn"
},
"expansion": "strūhhōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "strauchen"
},
"expansion": "German strauchen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straucheln"
},
"expansion": "straucheln",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">strauchen</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">straucheln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "strúgr",
"4": "",
"5": "arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le",
"pos1": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "-le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkaz",
"4": "",
"5": "stiff, rigid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "contention, strife, discord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "stru",
"3": "",
"4": "obstinate, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "struende",
"3": "",
"4": "reluctantly"
},
"expansion": "Danish struende (“reluctantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task"
},
"expansion": "Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen (\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen (\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn (\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln).\nAlternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "struggles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "struggling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "struggled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "struggled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "struggle (third-person singular simple present struggles, present participle struggling, simple past and past participle struggled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"strug‧gle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 64 2 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 59 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 53 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During the centuries, the people of Ireland struggled constantly to assert their right to govern themselves.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951 October, “Notes and News: The Harmonium at Troutbeck”, in Railway Magazine, page 709",
"text": "Troutbeck is a tiny village midway between Penrith and Keswick in a very sparsely populated part of Cumberland, and it used to be said by facetious travellers that the reason why it ever had a station at all was to give the engine a rest after it had struggled up the long and trying incline from Threlkeld.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "England were ponderous with ball in hand, their runners static when taking the ball and their lines obvious, while their front row struggled badly in the scrum.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21",
"text": "Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Emergency timetables as absences surge due to COVID”, in RAIL, number 948, page 6",
"text": "Most train operators have reduced services with emergency timetables, as they struggle to cope with a rapid increase in staff absences due to the Omicron variant of COVID.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend."
],
"id": "en-struggle-en-verb-3ntjsvKW",
"links": [
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "كافح"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jāhada",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "جَاهَدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nāḍala",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "نَاضَلَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paykʻarel",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "պայքարել"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mübarizə etmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mübarizə aparmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "vuruşmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "döyüşmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "çarpışmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "mücadilə aparmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "borrokatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bícca",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бі́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zmahácca",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "змага́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "borjá se",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боря́ се"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bíja se",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́я се"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lluitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奮鬥"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fèndòu",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奋斗"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "zápasit"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kæmpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "vechten"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "worstelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "nl",
"english": "same meaning as worstelen",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "moeite hebben"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lukti"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ponnistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kamppailla"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lutter"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "s’efforcer"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "combattre"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "loitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "combater"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "rifar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "sich durchbeißen"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "sich schwer tun"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aporéō",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ἀπορέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "küzd"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "harcol"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "viaskodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "küszködik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "erőlködik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "igyekszik"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kerja keras"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "streachail"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōsō suru",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "闘争する"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funtō suru",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奮闘する"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "momburimchida",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "몸부림치다"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tujaenghada",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "투쟁하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssauda",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "싸우다"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "têkoşan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "تێکۆشان"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "nītor"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luctor"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se bori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се бори"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ssielet"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tqabad"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tqatel"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ġġieled"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "nonoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "takaoraora"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tāruke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "oke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "okeoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "parawhetawheta"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "temcex",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "тэмцэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "slåss"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kjempe"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "slite streve"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "winnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "flītan"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čaxidan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "چخیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "walczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "debater-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lupta"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "zbate"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "borótʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боро́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sražátʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сража́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bítʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drátʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дра́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "борити се"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "boriti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "cummàttiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luttari"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "travagghiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lavurari"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bojovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "biť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "boriti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luchar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "esforzarse con denuedo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "bregar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "batallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kämpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dîn-ron",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ดิ้นรน"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mücadele etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "borótysja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боро́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "býtysja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kurashmoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 5 25",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "đấu tranh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "One of the doctor’s patients struggled with depression.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have difficulty with something."
],
"id": "en-struggle-en-verb-HbxnnHio",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She struggled to escape from her assailant's grasp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body."
],
"id": "en-struggle-en-verb-iq2gX2U6",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body",
"word": "çırpınmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 0 85",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pručátysja",
"sense": "to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пруча́тися"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrʌɡəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹʌɡl̩]",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-struggle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg/En-us-struggle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stroggell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "strogell"
}
],
"word": "struggle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Dutch",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -le",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "armed struggle"
},
{
"word": "class struggle"
},
{
"word": "counterstruggle"
},
{
"word": "death-struggle"
},
{
"word": "power struggle"
},
{
"word": "struggle-buggy"
},
{
"word": "struggle bus"
},
{
"word": "struggleful"
},
{
"word": "struggleism"
},
{
"word": "struggle kid"
},
{
"word": "struggleless"
},
{
"word": "struggle meal"
},
{
"word": "struggle session"
},
{
"word": "strugglesome"
},
{
"word": "struggly"
},
{
"word": "the struggle is real"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "struglen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English struglen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stroglen"
},
"expansion": "stroglen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strogelen"
},
"expansion": "strogelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strugil",
"3": "",
"4": "to struggle, grapple, contend"
},
"expansion": "Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*strokelen"
},
"expansion": "*strokelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*stroukelen"
},
"expansion": "*stroukelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stroll"
},
"expansion": "stroll",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "> English stroll"
},
"expansion": "(> English stroll)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "struyckelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch struyckelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struikelen"
},
"expansion": "struikelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">struikelen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*strūkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strūkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff"
},
"expansion": "*strūkēną (“to be stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strug-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strug-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ster-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall"
},
"expansion": "*ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "strûkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German strûkelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "strükeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German strükeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble\"; > Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds\">strükeln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German strūhhēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhōn"
},
"expansion": "strūhhōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "strauchen"
},
"expansion": "German strauchen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straucheln"
},
"expansion": "straucheln",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">strauchen</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">straucheln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "strúgr",
"4": "",
"5": "arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le",
"pos1": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "-le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkaz",
"4": "",
"5": "stiff, rigid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "contention, strife, discord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "stru",
"3": "",
"4": "obstinate, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "struende",
"3": "",
"4": "reluctantly"
},
"expansion": "Danish struende (“reluctantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task"
},
"expansion": "Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen (\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen (\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn (\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln).\nAlternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "struggles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "struggle (plural struggles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"strug‧gle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A contortion of the body in an attempt to escape or to perform a difficult task."
],
"links": [
[
"contortion",
"contortion"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"escape",
"escape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019, Rachel Timoner, “Book Review: Textual Activism by Rabbi Mike Moskowitz”, in Tikkun",
"text": "R. Moskowitz charges cisgender readers to be as conscious and deliberate with our religious identities as transgender and gender non-conforming people are with theirs, arguing that holiness is only achieved through continuous and unrelenting struggle and change.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strife, contention, great effort."
],
"links": [
[
"Strife",
"strife"
],
[
"contention",
"contention"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrʌɡəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹʌɡl̩]",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-struggle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg/En-us-struggle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stroggell"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "strogell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "stryd"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luftë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përleshje"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kifāḥ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "كِفَاح"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "niḍāl",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نِضَال"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jihād",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جِهَاد"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mubāraza",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مُبَارَزَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qitāl",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قِتَال"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paykʻar",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "պայքար"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "mübarizə"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "körəş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "көрәш"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "borroka"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "baracʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "барацьба́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zmahánnje",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "змага́нне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bítva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бі́тва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "borbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борба́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bítka",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "tuikpwai:",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "တိုက်ပွဲ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lluita"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhēngzhá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "掙扎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奮鬥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fèndòu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奋斗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "鬥爭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòuzhēng",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "斗争"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zápas"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitva"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gevecht"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strijd"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "lukto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "lahing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "taistelu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lutte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "loita"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breiga"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baralla"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "č̣idili",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ჭიდილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kampf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gefecht"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "agónas",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αγώνας"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'khimá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "לְחִימָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṅgharṣ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "संघर्ष"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "laṛāī",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "लड़ाई"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "küzdelem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "küszködés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "igyekezet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "erőfeszítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "harc"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "viaskodás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "barátta"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ulet"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sníomh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"alt": "ふんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funtō",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "奮闘"
},
{
"alt": "とうそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōsō",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "闘争"
},
{
"alt": "たたかい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tatakai",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "戦い"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "küres",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "күрес"
},
{
"alt": "奮鬪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "buntu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "분투"
},
{
"alt": "鬪爭",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tujaeng",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "투쟁"
},
{
"alt": "苦鬪",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gotu",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "고투"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssaum",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "싸움"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "küröş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "күрөш"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cīņa"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "borba",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борба"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bitka",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "битка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бој"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "pōrāṭṭaṁ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "പോരാട്ടം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "hōkariri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "tawhetatanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "nonoke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "takaoraoratanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "takaoraora"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "tāruketanga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "temcel",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "тэмцэл"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dragkamp"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dragkamp"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peykâr",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "پیکار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mobâreze",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "مبارزه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "walka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bój"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitwa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "luptă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "borʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "борьба́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bítva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тва"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iomairt"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бо̀рба"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "би̏тка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бо̑ј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bòrba"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "bȉtka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bȏj"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zápas"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borba"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boj"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lucha"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forcejeo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "brega"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kamp"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "muboriza",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "мубориза"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "paykor",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "пайкор"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "muhoriba",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "муҳориба"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "taloš",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "талош"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jang",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "ҷанг"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "pōrāṭṭam",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "போராட்டம்"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "köräş",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "көрәш"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pōrāṭaṁ",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "పోరాటం"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaan-dîn-ron",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "การดิ้นรน"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "weta"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "mücadele"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "vuruşma"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "göreş"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "borotʹbá",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "боротьба́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bij",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бій"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "býtva",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "би́тва"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "küresh",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "كۈرەش"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "kurash"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"word": "(cuộc) đấu tranh"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kamf",
"sense": "strife, effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאַמף"
}
],
"word": "struggle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English control verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English frequentative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Dutch",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -le",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "struggler"
},
{
"word": "struggling"
},
{
"word": "unstruggling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "struglen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English struglen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stroglen"
},
"expansion": "stroglen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "strogelen"
},
"expansion": "strogelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strugil",
"3": "",
"4": "to struggle, grapple, contend"
},
"expansion": "Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*strokelen"
},
"expansion": "*strokelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*stroukelen"
},
"expansion": "*stroukelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stroll"
},
"expansion": "stroll",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "> English stroll"
},
"expansion": "(> English stroll)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "struyckelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch struyckelen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "struikelen"
},
"expansion": "struikelen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">struikelen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*strūkon",
"4": "",
"5": "to stumble"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strūkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff"
},
"expansion": "*strūkēną (“to be stiff”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*strug-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *strug-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ster-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall"
},
"expansion": "*ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "strûkelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German strûkelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "strükeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German strükeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble\"; > Low German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nds\">strükeln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German strūhhēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "strūhhōn"
},
"expansion": "strūhhōn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "strauchen"
},
"expansion": "German strauchen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "straucheln"
},
"expansion": "straucheln",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">strauchen</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"de\">straucheln</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "strúgr",
"4": "",
"5": "arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-le",
"pos1": "frequentative suffix"
},
"expansion": "-le (frequentative suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*strūkaz",
"4": "",
"5": "stiff, rigid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "contention, strife, discord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "stru",
"3": "",
"4": "obstinate, unruly"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "struende",
"3": "",
"4": "reluctantly"
},
"expansion": "Danish struende (“reluctantly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "strug",
"3": "",
"4": "difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task"
},
"expansion": "Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen (\"to stumble, trip, falter\"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *strūkon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *strūkōną, *strūkēną (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen (\"to stumble\"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German strūhhēn, strūhhōn (\"to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray\"; > German strauchen, straucheln).\nAlternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *strūkaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "struggles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "struggling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "struggled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "struggled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "struggle (third-person singular simple present struggles, present participle struggling, simple past and past participle struggled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"strug‧gle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During the centuries, the people of Ireland struggled constantly to assert their right to govern themselves.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951 October, “Notes and News: The Harmonium at Troutbeck”, in Railway Magazine, page 709",
"text": "Troutbeck is a tiny village midway between Penrith and Keswick in a very sparsely populated part of Cumberland, and it used to be said by facetious travellers that the reason why it ever had a station at all was to give the engine a rest after it had struggled up the long and trying incline from Threlkeld.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "England were ponderous with ball in hand, their runners static when taking the ball and their lines obvious, while their front row struggled badly in the scrum.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21",
"text": "Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic who still resists the idea that something drastic needs to happen for him to turn his life around.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Emergency timetables as absences surge due to COVID”, in RAIL, number 948, page 6",
"text": "Most train operators have reduced services with emergency timetables, as they struggle to cope with a rapid increase in staff absences due to the Omicron variant of COVID.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend."
],
"links": [
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"contend",
"contend"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "One of the doctor’s patients struggled with depression.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have difficulty with something."
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She struggled to escape from her assailant's grasp.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstrʌɡəl/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹʌɡl̩]",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-struggle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg/En-us-struggle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/En-us-struggle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stroggell"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "strogell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "كافح"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jāhada",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "جَاهَدَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nāḍala",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "نَاضَلَ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paykʻarel",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "պայքարել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mübarizə etmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mübarizə aparmaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "vuruşmaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "döyüşmək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "çarpışmaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "mücadilə aparmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "borrokatu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bícca",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бі́цца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zmahácca",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "змага́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "borjá se",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боря́ се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bíja se",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́я се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lluitar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奮鬥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fèndòu",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奋斗"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "zápasit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kæmpe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "vechten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "worstelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "same meaning as worstelen",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "moeite hebben"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lukti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ponnistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kamppailla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lutter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "s’efforcer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "combattre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "loitar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "combater"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "rifar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "sich durchbeißen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "sich schwer tun"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aporéō",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ἀπορέω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "küzd"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "harcol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "viaskodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "küszködik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "erőlködik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "igyekszik"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kerja keras"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "streachail"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōsō suru",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "闘争する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funtō suru",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "奮闘する"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "momburimchida",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "몸부림치다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tujaenghada",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "투쟁하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssauda",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "싸우다"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "têkoşan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "تێکۆشان"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xebat",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "خەبات"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "dīmicō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "nītor"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luctor"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "se bori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "се бори"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ssielet"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tqabad"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tqatel"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ġġieled"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "nonoke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "takaoraora"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "tāruke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "oke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "okeoke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "parawhetawheta"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "temcex",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "тэмцэх"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "slåss"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kjempe"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "slite streve"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "winnan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "flītan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čaxidan",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "چخیدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "walczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bić się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "debater-se"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lupta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "zbate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "borótʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боро́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sražátʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сража́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bítʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drátʹsja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дра́ться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "борити се"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "boriti se"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "cummàttiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luttari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "travagghiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "lavurari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bojovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "biť sa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "boriti se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "luchar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "esforzarse con denuedo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "bregar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "batallar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kämpa"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dîn-ron",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "ดิ้นรน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "mücadele etmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "borótysja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "боро́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "býtysja",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "би́тися"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "kurashmoq"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight",
"word": "đấu tranh"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body",
"word": "çırpınmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pručátysja",
"sense": "to make efforts with twisting or contortions of the body",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пруча́тися"
}
],
"word": "struggle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.