See -sa on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative/genitive singular of -s"
],
"id": "en--sa-et-suffix-3GN7s-n1",
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-sakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-su"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "derivational"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originally from a dialectal variant of -isa (compare, for example, dialectal joutsa for joutuisa). The slang usage is probably an extension of the original use as an adjectival suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-sA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-sä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "sä"
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms some adjectives."
],
"id": "en--sa-fi-suffix-uqn0O4mG",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms slang nouns and adjectives, usually with clipping."
],
"id": "en--sa-fi-suffix-auh7XNkm",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -nsa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-sA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-sä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective",
"var": "sä"
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-nsa"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 40 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -nsa"
],
"id": "en--sa-fi-suffix-A3PKH0wn",
"links": [
[
"-nsa",
"-nsa#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-sa",
"pos": "1st person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -sa (1st person singular)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular), -su (2nd person singular), and -si (3rd person singular feminine/2nd person plural).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "1 sg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "2 sg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "3 sg. m."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-san"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-sean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "3 sg. f."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-na"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "after nn in pronouns",
"word": "-ne-e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "to verbs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "predicate adjectives"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 19 19 19 19 4 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"first-person singular"
],
"id": "en--sa-ga-suffix-1NZTZd0A",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 19 19 19 19 4 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"second-person singular"
],
"id": "en--sa-ga-suffix-Z-lykZdk",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 19 19 19 19 4 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"third-person singular feminine"
],
"id": "en--sa-ga-suffix-q~IUydai",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 19 19 19 19 4 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"second-person plural"
],
"id": "en--sa-ga-suffix-QL77JRt4",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sˠə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "used after palatalized consonants and front vowels",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "さ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of さ"
],
"id": "en--sa-ja-romanization-eaRbVY1n",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"さ",
"さ#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -sus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en--sa-la-suffix-9qv4DJth",
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -sus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"id": "en--sa-la-suffix-ZvUXHV71",
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-sā"
},
"expansion": "-sā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of -sus"
],
"id": "en--sa-la-suffix-5sbZSTu7",
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Manx: -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: -s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -sa"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "sga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my (emphatic) speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different",
"text": "co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I (emphatic) am boasting about you to the Macedonians.",
"text": "Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I (emphatic) am not like them (emphatic).",
"text": "Níta chumme-se friusom.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic first-person singular suffix"
],
"id": "en--sa-sga-suffix-eOA34uab",
"related": [
{
"word": "1 sg"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "2 sg"
},
{
"word": "-siu"
},
{
"word": "-so"
},
{
"word": "-su"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. m.n."
},
{
"word": "-som"
},
{
"word": "-sem"
},
{
"word": "-sium"
},
{
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"word": "-sam"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. f."
},
{
"word": "-si"
},
{
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-nai"
},
{
"word": "-sni"
},
{
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"word": "Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor"
},
{
"word": "to verbs"
},
{
"word": "predicate adjectives"
},
{
"word": "and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject"
},
{
"word": "and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-chka"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -chka"
],
"id": "en--sa-qu-suffix-ojzApQuJ",
"links": [
[
"-chka",
"-chka#Quechua"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ça"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -ça"
],
"id": "en--sa-rom-suffix-~ZCIT8Y9",
"links": [
[
"-ça",
"-ça#Romani"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-sa",
"pos": "1st person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -sa (1st person singular)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-su",
"pos": "2nd person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -su (2nd person singular)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular) and Old Irish -su (2nd person singular).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-self (emphatic)"
],
"id": "en--sa-gd-suffix-lqO7Y7cW",
"links": [
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ne"
},
{
"word": "-san"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Somali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what do you do?",
"text": "maxa samay-sa?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Usually placed at the end of verbs containing questions"
],
"id": "en--sa-so-suffix-9fzhWQJO",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسا",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*sā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -sa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسا"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid ـسا",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”). Compare saymak. Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sa",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "su (“water”) + -sa → susamak (“to thirst, to feel the need to drink water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "durak (“stop, pause”) + -sa → duraksamak (“to pause, to seem to pause”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kap (“a container, receptacle”) + -sa → kapsamak (“to contain, to encompass”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "umur (“caring, minding, paying attention”) + -sa → umursamak (“to care, to mind, to pay attention”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs of wish, desire, inclination towards the noun it is derived from."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-Me~2jViX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çok (“much, a lot”) + -sa → çoksamak (“to regard as a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hafif (“light, easy, ineffective, unimportant”) + -se → hafifsemek (“to regard as easy or unimportant, to disregard”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "garip (“strange, weird”) + -se → garipsemek (“to regard as or find strange”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs from nouns or adjectives in the sense \"to regard as, to consider to be.\""
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-jl4nSLot",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + -ümse → gülümsemek (“to smile”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ben (“I, me”) + -imse → benimsemek (“to internalize, to embrace, to adopt”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "küçük (“small, little”) + -ümse → küçümsemek (“to belittle, to underestimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and derives verbs.)"
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-IZxQERQ0",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "iyi (“good”) + -mser → iyimser (“optimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kötü (“bad”) + -mser → kötümser (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kara (“black, dark”) + -msar → karamsar (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çek- (“to pull, to draw”) + -imser → çekimser (“abstaining (e.g from casting a vote)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and -ar (“participle suffix”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-macZH17w",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bitki (“plant, herb”) + -sel → bitkisel (“herbal, vegetable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kut (“happiness, good fortune”) + -sal → kutsal (“holy, sacred”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gör- (“to see”) + -sel → görsel (“visual”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "işit- (“to hear”) + -sel → işitsel (“auditory”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -il (“derives nouns or adjectives from verbs or nouns”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-aaya5axg",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسه",
"tr": "-sa, -se"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "otk",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic *-sar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-sar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur *-sar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the \"r\" was gradually omitted over time. Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If he had money, he would buy it without thinking.",
"text": "Parası olsa, düşünmeden alır.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If she got up early in the morning, she wouldn't be late to school.",
"text": "Sabah erken kalksa, okula geç kalmaz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We could find it more easily if we asked someone.",
"text": "Birine sorsak daha kolay bulabiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whether he likes it or not, this is his duty.",
"text": "Beğense de beğenmese de, bu onun görevi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood in sentences within a conditional sub-clause."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-EhiWfzzF",
"links": [
[
"conditional mood",
"w:Conditional mood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ugh, I wish I had as much time as you.",
"text": "Ah, benim de senin kadar zamanım olsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come with us tomorrow.",
"text": "Yarın sen de bizimle gelsen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I could go back to school, I miss my friends a lot. (Two simple sentences connected with a comma.)",
"text": "Keşke artık okula dönebilsem, arkadaşlarımı çok özledim.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only people held hands. If only they united. If only we could reach eternity.",
"text": "İnsanlar el ele tutuşsa. Birlik olsa. Uzansak sonsuza.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only we didn't have to go to bed early.",
"text": "Keşke erken yatmak zorunda olmasak.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes optative mood to the main verb in simple sentences; can be used with modals."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-~40dRukI",
"links": [
[
"optative mood",
"w:Optative mood#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wouldn't it be good if you came with us, too? (literally, “Would your coming with us not be good?”)",
"text": "Sen de bizimle gelsen olmaz mı?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You couldn't object to this proposal enough. (literally, “Any amount of objection of yours to this proposal would be justified.”)",
"text": "Bu öneriye ne kadar itiraz etsen yeridir.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sub-clause formed with the optative mood can act as the subject of the verb."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-ioSqBQof",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If we had practiced more, we would have won.",
"text": "Daha çok çalışsaydık kazanırdık.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I hadn't eaten that last baklava.",
"text": "Keşke o son baklavayı yemeseydim.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional and optative moods can be used with past moods of the copula to form complex verbs."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-FtsQICBJ",
"links": [
[
"copula",
"w:Turkish copula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Well, if you wanted to enter a good university, you should have studied more.",
"text": "İyi bir üniversite kazanmak istiyordun madem, daha çok çalışsaydın.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What shall I do, he should have listened to his father and not sell his car.",
"text": "Ne yapayım, babasını dinleseymiş de satmasaymış arabasını.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The optative mood can denote a reprimanding tone with past moods of the copula in colloquial usage."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-W0UsGlJz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you are a human being, don't throw your garbage here!",
"text": "İnsansan (İnsan isen) çöpünü buraya atma!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't buy it if it's too expensive.",
"text": "Çok pahalıysa (pahalı ise), almam.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're lucky, you'll meet someone that can divide your life into \"before\" and \"after.\"",
"text": "Eğer şanslıysanız (şanslı iseniz), hayatınızı \"öncesi\" ve \"sonrası\" olarak ayırabilecek biriyle tanışırsınız.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If the weather is cold, let's not go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuksa (soğuk ise) dışarı çıkmayalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood of the copula, affixed to nouns or noun-based words to turn them into verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction with personal inflections affixed onto the conjunction. If it is affixed to a word that ends in a vowel, \"y\" acts as buffer consonant in between."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-0lqVSQXh",
"links": [
[
"ise",
"ise#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the weather is not cold, let's go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuk değilse (soğuk değil ise) dışarı çıkalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the negative form of the above structure, the suffix is affixed to the negation particle."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-KjVVlZxA",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I play the guitar, whereas my sister plays the piano.",
"text": "Ben gitar çalarım, kız kardeşimse (kız kardeşim ise) piyano çalar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Her blood pressure is high, (and) her temperature is above normal.",
"text": "Tansiyonu yüksek, ateşiyse (ateşi ise) normalin üstünde.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The conditional mood of the copula can be used to denote contrast or introducing a new idea that follows from the first; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-T7pQvtJR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can go to the movies if dad comes home early.",
"text": "Babam işten erken gelirse, sinemaya gidebiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You may remove the driver, if the copying process has ended.",
"text": "Kopyalama işlemi bitmişse, sürücüyü çıkarabilirsiniz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're not going to use these papers, I'll throw them away.",
"text": "Bu kağıtları kullanmayacaksan çöpe atacağım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If happiness could kill a person, I would have died long ago!",
"text": "Kişiyi mutluluk öldürebilirse, benim çoktan ölmem gerekirdi!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Time conjunctions and modals can be used with the conditional mood of the copula to form complex verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction, however it is rarely used in modern Turkish."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-CL9pFxX9",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 5 5 1 5 5 9 4 7 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 4 5 0 5 5 9 4 7 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 2 7 7 2 2 5 6 1 6 7 11 10 11 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 3 7 7 3 2 6 6 1 7 8 11 6 9 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Go ahead, eat!”",
"text": "ye- (“to eat”) + -se + -n → yesen (Con/Opt mood 2nd Sg.) + a (interj.) → Yesene!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“Stop looking!”",
"text": "bak- (“to look”) + -ma + -sa + -nız → bakmasanız (Con/Opt mood 2nd Pl. neg.) + a (interj.) → Bakmasanıza!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come to our place tonight!",
"text": "Bu akşam bize gelsenize!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Why doesn't he help his mother with the house chores!",
"text": "Annesine ev işlerinde yardım etse ya!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound imperative structure in colloquial usage with the interjection \"a\" (complies with vowel harmony), denoting an insistent request or command. In the 3rd person, the interjection \"ya\" replaces it and is written separately."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-PWx5NhSA",
"links": [
[
"a",
"a#Turkish"
],
[
"vowel harmony",
"w:Vowel Harmony#Turkish"
],
[
"ya",
"ya#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 2 7 7 2 2 5 6 1 6 7 11 10 11 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Only Alex could score a goal from this angle.",
"text": "Bu açıdan atsa atsa Alex gol atar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our affair could only be resolved at court.",
"text": "Bizim mesele çözülse çözülse mahkemede çözülür.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Repeating of the verb with the suffix forms an adverbial phrase denoting a certainty for the action to be fulfilled in a particular way or by a particular person."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-GC5PS-SQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 2 7 7 2 2 5 6 1 6 7 11 10 11 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever I touch breaks.",
"text": "Elimi neye atsam bozuluyor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Anybody would protest these conditions.",
"text": "Kim olsa bu şartlara isyan ederdi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whomever I see I think is you.",
"text": "Kimi görsem sen sanıyorum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I remember the old days whenever I come here.",
"text": "Buraya ne zaman gelsem eski günleri hatırlarım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wherever she goes, she always has a book in her hands.",
"text": "Nereye gitse elinde mutlaka bir kitap olur.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms sub-clauses with question words, denoting an expansion or generalization of the scope of the verb. Depending on the question word, the sub-clause can act as the subject, object or adverbial phrase in the sentence."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-JImpk8Xj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne (“what”) + -(y)se → neyse (“whatever, anyways”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nasıl (“how”) + -sa → nasılsa (“somehow, someway”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerede (“where”) + -(y)se → neredeyse (“almost, nearly, before long”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "neden (“why”) + -se → nedense (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "niye (“why”) + -(y)se → niyeyse (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms formulaic adverbs with certain question words."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-so8A2ELW",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kim (“who”) + -se → kimse (“anybody, nobody”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an indefinite pronoun with the question word \"kim\"."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-I9esP-8M",
"links": [
[
"kim",
"kim#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix for postpositions and adverbs."
],
"id": "en--sa-mch-suffix-4kozBRzP",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-sa]"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "سَ-",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: سَ- (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgar: سَ- (-sa) (verbal adverb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se) (verbal adverb); -сассӑн (-sassăn), -сессӗн (-sessĕn), -сан (-san), -сен (-sen) (if)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sə",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-se",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: -se, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: -se, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "-se",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: -se, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: -se, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Salar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Chagatai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Uyghur:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "-һа",
"3": "-һә"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-сә"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се",
"4": "-со",
"5": "-сө"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се",
"4": "-со",
"5": "-сӧ",
"6": "-за",
"7": "-зе",
"8": "-зо",
"9": "-зӧ"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "-тар",
"3": "-тэр",
"4": "-тор",
"5": "-төр"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör); -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör); -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör); -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Dolgan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "-за",
"3": "-зе"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Tofa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Shor:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Khakas:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas:"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "verbal adjective",
"word": "-gan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "third person possessive case",
"word": "-si"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"accusative"
],
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"positive",
"present"
],
"word": "-ür"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 0 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-sa → *sebse (“with loving.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating verbal adverb."
],
"id": "en--sa-trk-pro-suffix-89OpXyBE",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bar- (“to go”) + *-sa → *barsa (“if he/she/it goes.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"id": "en--sa-trk-pro-suffix-k19oMZ1P",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 0 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 0 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sub (“water”) + *-sa → *subsa- (“to become thirsty, thirst”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating desirdative verbs from nouns."
],
"id": "en--sa-trk-pro-suffix-kAlcXk7U",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ümsin"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sa",
"id": "possessive",
"q1": "dialectal",
"qq1": "or more likely < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-sak</i>",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Finnish: (dialectal) -sa (or more likely < *-sak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Finnish: (dialectal) -sa (or more likely < *-sak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-sa",
"4": "*-sa, *-nsa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-sa, *-nsa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-sa, *-nsa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sa / *-sä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"head": "*-sa / *-sä"
},
"expansion": "*-sa / *-sä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-mi"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"word": "-nci"
},
{
"word": "-sa"
},
{
"word": "-nsa"
},
{
"word": "-mak"
},
{
"word": "-nak"
},
{
"word": "-dak"
},
{
"word": "-ndak"
},
{
"word": "-sak"
},
{
"word": "-nsak"
},
{
"english": "Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa",
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "Petri Kallio (2021)"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "in Taina Saarikivi"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "Janne Saarikivi"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "editors"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "pages 157-173"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The third-person singular possessive ending."
],
"id": "en--sa-urj-fin-pro-suffix-RLuZodar",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian suffix forms",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative/genitive singular of -s"
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Finnish dialectal terms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-sakka"
},
{
"word": "-su"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "derivational"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably originally from a dialectal variant of -isa (compare, for example, dialectal joutsa for joutuisa). The slang usage is probably an extension of the original use as an adjectival suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-sA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-sä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"var": "sä"
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms some adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms slang nouns and adjectives, usually with clipping."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish adjective-forming suffixes",
"Finnish dialectal terms",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See -nsa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-sA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-sä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective",
"var": "sä"
},
"expansion": "-sa (front vowel harmony variant -sä, linguistic notation -sA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-nsa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -nsa"
],
"links": [
[
"-nsa",
"-nsa#Finnish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish emphatic suffixes",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish suffixes",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-sa",
"pos": "1st person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -sa (1st person singular)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular), -su (2nd person singular), and -si (3rd person singular feminine/2nd person plural).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "ga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "1 sg"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "2 sg"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. m."
},
{
"word": "-san"
},
{
"word": "-sean"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. f."
},
{
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"word": "-na"
},
{
"english": "after nn in pronouns",
"word": "-ne-e"
},
{
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"word": "Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor"
},
{
"word": "to verbs"
},
{
"word": "predicate adjectives"
},
{
"word": "and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject"
},
{
"word": "and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"first-person singular"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"second-person singular"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"third-person singular feminine"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:",
"second-person plural"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sˠə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "used after palatalized consonants and front vowels",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "さ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of さ"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"さ",
"さ#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -sus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -sus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-sā"
},
"expansion": "-sā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of -sus"
],
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Manx: -s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: -s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -sa"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "sga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "1 sg"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "2 sg"
},
{
"word": "-siu"
},
{
"word": "-so"
},
{
"word": "-su"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. m.n."
},
{
"word": "-som"
},
{
"word": "-sem"
},
{
"word": "-sium"
},
{
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"word": "-sam"
},
{
"word": "3 sg. f."
},
{
"word": "-si"
},
{
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-nai"
},
{
"word": "-sni"
},
{
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"word": "Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor"
},
{
"word": "to verbs"
},
{
"word": "predicate adjectives"
},
{
"word": "and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject"
},
{
"word": "and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish emphatic suffixes",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms with quotations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my (emphatic) speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different",
"text": "co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I (emphatic) am boasting about you to the Macedonians.",
"text": "Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I (emphatic) am not like them (emphatic).",
"text": "Níta chumme-se friusom.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic first-person singular suffix"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"morpheme",
"singular",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-mi"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-ci"
},
{
"word": "-nci"
},
{
"word": "-sa"
},
{
"word": "-nsa"
},
{
"word": "-mak"
},
{
"word": "-nak"
},
{
"word": "-dak"
},
{
"word": "-ndak"
},
{
"word": "-sak"
},
{
"word": "-nsak"
},
{
"english": "Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa",
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "Petri Kallio (2021)"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "in Taina Saarikivi"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "Janne Saarikivi"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "editors"
},
{
"sense": "Reference",
"word": "pages 157-173"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-sa",
"id": "possessive",
"q1": "dialectal",
"qq1": "or more likely < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-sak</i>",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Finnish: (dialectal) -sa (or more likely < *-sak)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Finnish: (dialectal) -sa (or more likely < *-sak)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-sa",
"4": "*-sa, *-nsa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-sa, *-nsa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-sa, *-nsa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-sa / *-sä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffixes",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"head": "*-sa / *-sä"
},
"expansion": "*-sa / *-sä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"glosses": [
"The third-person singular possessive ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "سَ-",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: سَ- (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgar: سَ- (-sa) (verbal adverb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se) (verbal adverb); -сассӑн (-sassăn), -сессӗн (-sessĕn), -сан (-san), -сен (-sen) (if)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sə",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-se",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: -se, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: -se, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "-se",
"3": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: -se, -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: -se, -sa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Salar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Chagatai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: -sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: -sa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Uyghur:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "-һа",
"3": "-һә"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-сә"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се",
"4": "-со",
"5": "-сө"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се",
"4": "-со",
"5": "-сӧ",
"6": "-за",
"7": "-зе",
"8": "-зо",
"9": "-зӧ"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-са",
"3": "-се"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "-тар",
"3": "-тэр",
"4": "-тор",
"5": "-төр"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör); -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör); -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör); -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlg",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Dolgan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dolgan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "-за",
"3": "-зе"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Tofa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Shor:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Khakas:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas:"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "verbal adjective",
"word": "-gan"
},
{
"english": "third person possessive case",
"word": "-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"accusative"
],
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"tags": [
"positive",
"present"
],
"word": "-ür"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-sa → *sebse (“with loving.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating verbal adverb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bar- (“to go”) + *-sa → *barsa (“if he/she/it goes.”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Requests for native script for Western Yugur terms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-sa",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ümsin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sub (“water”) + *-sa → *subsa- (“to become thirsty, thirst”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating desirdative verbs from nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-chka"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -chka"
],
"links": [
[
"-chka",
"-chka#Quechua"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ça"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -ça"
],
"links": [
[
"-ça",
"-ça#Romani"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-sa",
"pos": "1st person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -sa (1st person singular)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-su",
"pos": "2nd person singular"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish -su (2nd person singular)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular) and Old Irish -su (2nd person singular).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ne"
},
{
"word": "-san"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic emphatic suffixes",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic suffixes",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish"
],
"glosses": [
"-self (emphatic)"
],
"links": [
[
"-self",
"-self"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "slender form",
"word": "-se"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Somali entries with incorrect language header",
"Somali lemmas",
"Somali suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what do you do?",
"text": "maxa samay-sa?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Usually placed at the end of verbs containing questions"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسا",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*sā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -sa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسا"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid ـسا",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”). Compare saymak. Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sa",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "su (“water”) + -sa → susamak (“to thirst, to feel the need to drink water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "durak (“stop, pause”) + -sa → duraksamak (“to pause, to seem to pause”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kap (“a container, receptacle”) + -sa → kapsamak (“to contain, to encompass”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "umur (“caring, minding, paying attention”) + -sa → umursamak (“to care, to mind, to pay attention”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs of wish, desire, inclination towards the noun it is derived from."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çok (“much, a lot”) + -sa → çoksamak (“to regard as a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hafif (“light, easy, ineffective, unimportant”) + -se → hafifsemek (“to regard as easy or unimportant, to disregard”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "garip (“strange, weird”) + -se → garipsemek (“to regard as or find strange”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs from nouns or adjectives in the sense \"to regard as, to consider to be.\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + -ümse → gülümsemek (“to smile”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ben (“I, me”) + -imse → benimsemek (“to internalize, to embrace, to adopt”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "küçük (“small, little”) + -ümse → küçümsemek (“to belittle, to underestimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and derives verbs.)"
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "iyi (“good”) + -mser → iyimser (“optimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kötü (“bad”) + -mser → kötümser (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kara (“black, dark”) + -msar → karamsar (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çek- (“to pull, to draw”) + -imser → çekimser (“abstaining (e.g from casting a vote)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and -ar (“participle suffix”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bitki (“plant, herb”) + -sel → bitkisel (“herbal, vegetable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kut (“happiness, good fortune”) + -sal → kutsal (“holy, sacred”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gör- (“to see”) + -sel → görsel (“visual”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "işit- (“to hear”) + -sel → işitsel (“auditory”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -il (“derives nouns or adjectives from verbs or nouns”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسه",
"tr": "-sa, -se"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "otk",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic *-sar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-sar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur *-sar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the \"r\" was gradually omitted over time. Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If he had money, he would buy it without thinking.",
"text": "Parası olsa, düşünmeden alır.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If she got up early in the morning, she wouldn't be late to school.",
"text": "Sabah erken kalksa, okula geç kalmaz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We could find it more easily if we asked someone.",
"text": "Birine sorsak daha kolay bulabiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whether he likes it or not, this is his duty.",
"text": "Beğense de beğenmese de, bu onun görevi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood in sentences within a conditional sub-clause."
],
"links": [
[
"conditional mood",
"w:Conditional mood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ugh, I wish I had as much time as you.",
"text": "Ah, benim de senin kadar zamanım olsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come with us tomorrow.",
"text": "Yarın sen de bizimle gelsen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I could go back to school, I miss my friends a lot. (Two simple sentences connected with a comma.)",
"text": "Keşke artık okula dönebilsem, arkadaşlarımı çok özledim.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only people held hands. If only they united. If only we could reach eternity.",
"text": "İnsanlar el ele tutuşsa. Birlik olsa. Uzansak sonsuza.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only we didn't have to go to bed early.",
"text": "Keşke erken yatmak zorunda olmasak.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes optative mood to the main verb in simple sentences; can be used with modals."
],
"links": [
[
"optative mood",
"w:Optative mood#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wouldn't it be good if you came with us, too? (literally, “Would your coming with us not be good?”)",
"text": "Sen de bizimle gelsen olmaz mı?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You couldn't object to this proposal enough. (literally, “Any amount of objection of yours to this proposal would be justified.”)",
"text": "Bu öneriye ne kadar itiraz etsen yeridir.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sub-clause formed with the optative mood can act as the subject of the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If we had practiced more, we would have won.",
"text": "Daha çok çalışsaydık kazanırdık.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I hadn't eaten that last baklava.",
"text": "Keşke o son baklavayı yemeseydim.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional and optative moods can be used with past moods of the copula to form complex verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"copula",
"w:Turkish copula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Well, if you wanted to enter a good university, you should have studied more.",
"text": "İyi bir üniversite kazanmak istiyordun madem, daha çok çalışsaydın.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What shall I do, he should have listened to his father and not sell his car.",
"text": "Ne yapayım, babasını dinleseymiş de satmasaymış arabasını.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The optative mood can denote a reprimanding tone with past moods of the copula in colloquial usage."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you are a human being, don't throw your garbage here!",
"text": "İnsansan (İnsan isen) çöpünü buraya atma!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't buy it if it's too expensive.",
"text": "Çok pahalıysa (pahalı ise), almam.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're lucky, you'll meet someone that can divide your life into \"before\" and \"after.\"",
"text": "Eğer şanslıysanız (şanslı iseniz), hayatınızı \"öncesi\" ve \"sonrası\" olarak ayırabilecek biriyle tanışırsınız.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If the weather is cold, let's not go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuksa (soğuk ise) dışarı çıkmayalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood of the copula, affixed to nouns or noun-based words to turn them into verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction with personal inflections affixed onto the conjunction. If it is affixed to a word that ends in a vowel, \"y\" acts as buffer consonant in between."
],
"links": [
[
"ise",
"ise#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the weather is not cold, let's go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuk değilse (soğuk değil ise) dışarı çıkalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the negative form of the above structure, the suffix is affixed to the negation particle."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I play the guitar, whereas my sister plays the piano.",
"text": "Ben gitar çalarım, kız kardeşimse (kız kardeşim ise) piyano çalar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Her blood pressure is high, (and) her temperature is above normal.",
"text": "Tansiyonu yüksek, ateşiyse (ateşi ise) normalin üstünde.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The conditional mood of the copula can be used to denote contrast or introducing a new idea that follows from the first; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can go to the movies if dad comes home early.",
"text": "Babam işten erken gelirse, sinemaya gidebiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You may remove the driver, if the copying process has ended.",
"text": "Kopyalama işlemi bitmişse, sürücüyü çıkarabilirsiniz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're not going to use these papers, I'll throw them away.",
"text": "Bu kağıtları kullanmayacaksan çöpe atacağım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If happiness could kill a person, I would have died long ago!",
"text": "Kişiyi mutluluk öldürebilirse, benim çoktan ölmem gerekirdi!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Time conjunctions and modals can be used with the conditional mood of the copula to form complex verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction, however it is rarely used in modern Turkish."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Go ahead, eat!”",
"text": "ye- (“to eat”) + -se + -n → yesen (Con/Opt mood 2nd Sg.) + a (interj.) → Yesene!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“Stop looking!”",
"text": "bak- (“to look”) + -ma + -sa + -nız → bakmasanız (Con/Opt mood 2nd Pl. neg.) + a (interj.) → Bakmasanıza!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come to our place tonight!",
"text": "Bu akşam bize gelsenize!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Why doesn't he help his mother with the house chores!",
"text": "Annesine ev işlerinde yardım etse ya!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound imperative structure in colloquial usage with the interjection \"a\" (complies with vowel harmony), denoting an insistent request or command. In the 3rd person, the interjection \"ya\" replaces it and is written separately."
],
"links": [
[
"a",
"a#Turkish"
],
[
"vowel harmony",
"w:Vowel Harmony#Turkish"
],
[
"ya",
"ya#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Only Alex could score a goal from this angle.",
"text": "Bu açıdan atsa atsa Alex gol atar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our affair could only be resolved at court.",
"text": "Bizim mesele çözülse çözülse mahkemede çözülür.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Repeating of the verb with the suffix forms an adverbial phrase denoting a certainty for the action to be fulfilled in a particular way or by a particular person."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever I touch breaks.",
"text": "Elimi neye atsam bozuluyor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Anybody would protest these conditions.",
"text": "Kim olsa bu şartlara isyan ederdi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whomever I see I think is you.",
"text": "Kimi görsem sen sanıyorum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I remember the old days whenever I come here.",
"text": "Buraya ne zaman gelsem eski günleri hatırlarım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wherever she goes, she always has a book in her hands.",
"text": "Nereye gitse elinde mutlaka bir kitap olur.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms sub-clauses with question words, denoting an expansion or generalization of the scope of the verb. Depending on the question word, the sub-clause can act as the subject, object or adverbial phrase in the sentence."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne (“what”) + -(y)se → neyse (“whatever, anyways”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nasıl (“how”) + -sa → nasılsa (“somehow, someway”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerede (“where”) + -(y)se → neredeyse (“almost, nearly, before long”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "neden (“why”) + -se → nedense (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "niye (“why”) + -(y)se → niyeyse (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms formulaic adverbs with certain question words."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kim (“who”) + -se → kimse (“anybody, nobody”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an indefinite pronoun with the question word \"kim\"."
],
"links": [
[
"kim",
"kim#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana suffixes",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive suffix for postpositions and adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-sa]"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -sa meaning in All languages combined (39.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -sA",
"path": [
"-sa"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-sa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistic notation -sA",
"path": [
"-sa"
],
"section": "Finnish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-sa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'E / İ / Ö / Ü'",
"path": [
"-sa"
],
"section": "Turkish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-sa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.