See -gan on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -gan meaning in All languages combined (11.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gen"
},
"expansion": "*-gen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen. In Modern Turkish the suffix presents as -an, -gan or -agan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + -egen → gezegen (“planet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ısır- (“to bite”) + -gan → ısırgan (“poison ivy”, literally “that which bites a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sıç- (“to shit, to poop”) + -an → sıçan (“rat, mouse”, literally “that which shits a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kemir- (“to nibble, to gnaw”) + -gen → kemirgen (“rodent”, literally “that which gnaws a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yat- (“to lie down, to incline”) + -ağan → yatağan (“a curved Ottoman sword”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"id": "en--gan-tr-suffix-8CL~OZGB",
"links": [
[
"Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük",
"w:tr:Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + -gen → çekingen (“shy, reserved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çalış- (“to work, to study”) + -kan → çalışkan (“hardworking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ış (reciprocal suffix) + -kan → akışkan (“fluid”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "değiş- (“to change”) + -ken → değişken (“variable, flexible”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ilet- (“to transmit, to conduct”) + -ken → iletken (“conductive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives adjectives of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"id": "en--gan-tr-suffix-M6eA7fRL",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/cen/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "-ان",
"tr": "-an/en"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-ан",
"3": "-ен"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-ən"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: -an, -ən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: -an, -ən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ـان",
"3": "ـن",
"tr1": "-an",
"tr2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: -an, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: -an, -en"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: -an, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: -an, -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "-ýan",
"3": "-ýän"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "-ğan",
"3": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Salar: -ğan, -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: -ğan, -gen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"tr": "-ğan/gen"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "",
"tr": "-ğan/gen"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "-gan"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: -gan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: -gan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ـگان",
"3": "ـگەن"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "-ҡан",
"3": "-кән",
"4": "-ған",
"5": "-гән"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Kumyk:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ған",
"3": "-ген"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "-ган",
"3": "-ген",
"4": "-гон",
"5": "-гөн"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "-ган",
"3": "-ген",
"4": "-гон",
"5": "-гӧн"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰍𐰣",
"3": "",
"tr": "-gan"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gan",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-gan → *sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tabïĺ- (“to run”) + *-gan → *tabïĺgan (“(someone/something) who jumps; hare”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs."
],
"id": "en--gan-trk-pro-suffix-lznAEiZO",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gan",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-xan"
},
"expansion": "*-xan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gene"
},
"expansion": "*-gene",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, *-xan and *-gene, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "baĺč (“head”) + *-gan → *baĺčgan (“a large fish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "čim (“grass”) + *-gan → *čimgen (“meadow”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants."
],
"id": "en--gan-trk-pro-suffix-BJ-sXL7c",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Turkic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating verbal noun or verbal adjective"
],
"id": "en--gan-xgn-pro-suffix-eDdZPh-n",
"related": [
{
"english": "people",
"word": "ir-gen"
},
{
"english": "donkey",
"word": "elji-gen"
},
{
"english": "quite",
"word": "döli-gen"
},
{
"english": "thin",
"word": "nim-gen"
},
{
"english": "young of animals, plants",
"word": "julja-gan"
},
{
"english": "tumour, albugo",
"word": "ciyi-gan"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix equipping animals."
],
"id": "en--gan-xgn-pro-suffix-OQ22eMIH",
"related": [
{
"english": "marmot",
"word": "tarbagan"
},
{
"english": "lamb",
"word": "kurigan"
},
{
"english": "sable",
"word": "bulugan"
},
{
"english": "fox",
"word": "hünegen"
},
{
"english": "camel foal",
"word": "botagan"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Akin to Proto-Turkic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "people",
"word": "ir-gen"
},
{
"english": "donkey",
"word": "elji-gen"
},
{
"english": "quite",
"word": "döli-gen"
},
{
"english": "thin",
"word": "nim-gen"
},
{
"english": "young of animals, plants",
"word": "julja-gan"
},
{
"english": "tumour, albugo",
"word": "ciyi-gan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix creating verbal noun or verbal adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "marmot",
"word": "tarbagan"
},
{
"english": "lamb",
"word": "kurigan"
},
{
"english": "sable",
"word": "bulugan"
},
{
"english": "fox",
"word": "hünegen"
},
{
"english": "camel foal",
"word": "botagan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix equipping animals."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes",
"Requests for native script for Chagatai terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbo",
"2": "-ان",
"tr": "-an/en"
},
"expansion": "Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "-ан",
"3": "-ен"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-ən"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: -an, -ən",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: -an, -ən"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ـان",
"3": "ـن",
"tr1": "-an",
"tr2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: -an, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: -an, -en"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: -an, -en",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: -an, -en"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "-ýan",
"3": "-ýän"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "-ğan",
"3": "-gen"
},
"expansion": "Salar: -ğan, -gen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: -ğan, -gen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "",
"tr": "-ğan/gen"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "",
"tr": "-ğan/gen"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "-gan"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: -gan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: -gan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ـگان",
"3": "ـگەن"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "-ҡан",
"3": "-кән",
"4": "-ған",
"5": "-гән"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Kumyk:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karaim:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ған",
"3": "-ген"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Nogai:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "-ган",
"3": "-ген",
"4": "-гон",
"5": "-гөн"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "-ган",
"3": "-ген",
"4": "-гон",
"5": "-гӧн"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "𐰍𐰣",
"3": "",
"tr": "-gan"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gan",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "seb- (“to love”) + *-gan → *sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tabïĺ- (“to run”) + *-gan → *tabïĺgan (“(someone/something) who jumps; hare”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *-gan",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-xan"
},
"expansion": "*-xan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*-gene"
},
"expansion": "*-gene",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*-kan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *-kan",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, *-xan and *-gene, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "baĺč (“head”) + *-gan → *baĺčgan (“a large fish”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "čim (“grass”) + *-gan → *čimgen (“meadow”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-gan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-gan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-gen"
},
"expansion": "*-gen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-gan, *-gen. In Modern Turkish the suffix presents as -an, -gan or -agan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-gan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gez- (“to wander, to go about”) + -egen → gezegen (“planet”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ısır- (“to bite”) + -gan → ısırgan (“poison ivy”, literally “that which bites a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sıç- (“to shit, to poop”) + -an → sıçan (“rat, mouse”, literally “that which shits a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kemir- (“to nibble, to gnaw”) + -gen → kemirgen (“rodent”, literally “that which gnaws a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yat- (“to lie down, to incline”) + -ağan → yatağan (“a curved Ottoman sword”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives nouns of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük",
"w:tr:Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çekin- (“to abstain, to hesitate”) + -gen → çekingen (“shy, reserved”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çalış- (“to work, to study”) + -kan → çalışkan (“hardworking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ak- (“to flow”) + -ış (reciprocal suffix) + -kan → akışkan (“fluid”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "değiş- (“to change”) + -ken → değişken (“variable, flexible”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ilet- (“to transmit, to conduct”) + -ken → iletken (“conductive”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives adjectives of habit or inclination from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡen/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan/"
},
{
"ipa": "/cen/"
}
],
"word": "-gan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.