See -sa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -sa meaning in Turkish (17.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسا",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ـس",
"tr": "-se"
},
"expansion": "ـس (-se)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*sā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*sā(j)-",
"t": "to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes"
},
"expansion": "*sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "saymak"
},
"expansion": "saymak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -sa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sə"
},
"expansion": "-sə",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسا"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid ـسا",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسه"
},
"expansion": "ـسه",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”). Compare saymak. Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sa",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "su (“water”) + -sa → susamak (“to thirst, to feel the need to drink water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "durak (“stop, pause”) + -sa → duraksamak (“to pause, to seem to pause”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kap (“a container, receptacle”) + -sa → kapsamak (“to contain, to encompass”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "umur (“caring, minding, paying attention”) + -sa → umursamak (“to care, to mind, to pay attention”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs of wish, desire, inclination towards the noun it is derived from."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-Me~2jViX",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çok (“much, a lot”) + -sa → çoksamak (“to regard as a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hafif (“light, easy, ineffective, unimportant”) + -se → hafifsemek (“to regard as easy or unimportant, to disregard”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "garip (“strange, weird”) + -se → garipsemek (“to regard as or find strange”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs from nouns or adjectives in the sense \"to regard as, to consider to be.\""
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-jl4nSLot",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + -ümse → gülümsemek (“to smile”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ben (“I, me”) + -imse → benimsemek (“to internalize, to embrace, to adopt”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "küçük (“small, little”) + -ümse → küçümsemek (“to belittle, to underestimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and derives verbs.)"
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-IZxQERQ0",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "iyi (“good”) + -mser → iyimser (“optimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kötü (“bad”) + -mser → kötümser (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kara (“black, dark”) + -msar → karamsar (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çek- (“to pull, to draw”) + -imser → çekimser (“abstaining (e.g from casting a vote)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and -ar (“participle suffix”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-macZH17w",
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bitki (“plant, herb”) + -sel → bitkisel (“herbal, vegetable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kut (“happiness, good fortune”) + -sal → kutsal (“holy, sacred”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gör- (“to see”) + -sel → görsel (“visual”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "işit- (“to hear”) + -sel → işitsel (“auditory”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -il (“derives nouns or adjectives from verbs or nouns”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-aaya5axg",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسه",
"tr": "-sa, -se"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "otk",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic *-sar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-sar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-sa"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur *-sar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the \"r\" was gradually omitted over time. Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If he had money, he would buy it without thinking.",
"text": "Parası olsa, düşünmeden alır.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If she got up early in the morning, she wouldn't be late to school.",
"text": "Sabah erken kalksa, okula geç kalmaz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We could find it more easily if we asked someone.",
"text": "Birine sorsak daha kolay bulabiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whether he likes it or not, this is his duty.",
"text": "Beğense de beğenmese de, bu onun görevi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood in sentences within a conditional sub-clause."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-EhiWfzzF",
"links": [
[
"conditional mood",
"w:Conditional mood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ugh, I wish I had as much time as you.",
"text": "Ah, benim de senin kadar zamanım olsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come with us tomorrow.",
"text": "Yarın sen de bizimle gelsen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I could go back to school, I miss my friends a lot. (Two simple sentences connected with a comma.)",
"text": "Keşke artık okula dönebilsem, arkadaşlarımı çok özledim.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only people held hands. If only they united. If only we could reach eternity.",
"text": "İnsanlar el ele tutuşsa. Birlik olsa. Uzansak sonsuza.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only we didn't have to go to bed early.",
"text": "Keşke erken yatmak zorunda olmasak.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes optative mood to the main verb in simple sentences; can be used with modals."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-~40dRukI",
"links": [
[
"optative mood",
"w:Optative mood#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wouldn't it be good if you came with us, too? (literally, “Would your coming with us not be good?”)",
"text": "Sen de bizimle gelsen olmaz mı?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You couldn't object to this proposal enough. (literally, “Any amount of objection of yours to this proposal would be justified.”)",
"text": "Bu öneriye ne kadar itiraz etsen yeridir.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sub-clause formed with the optative mood can act as the subject of the verb."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-ioSqBQof",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If we had practiced more, we would have won.",
"text": "Daha çok çalışsaydık kazanırdık.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I hadn't eaten that last baklava.",
"text": "Keşke o son baklavayı yemeseydim.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional and optative moods can be used with past moods of the copula to form complex verbs."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-FtsQICBJ",
"links": [
[
"copula",
"w:Turkish copula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Well, if you wanted to enter a good university, you should have studied more.",
"text": "İyi bir üniversite kazanmak istiyordun madem, daha çok çalışsaydın.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What shall I do, he should have listened to his father and not sell his car.",
"text": "Ne yapayım, babasını dinleseymiş de satmasaymış arabasını.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The optative mood can denote a reprimanding tone with past moods of the copula in colloquial usage."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-W0UsGlJz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you are a human being, don't throw your garbage here!",
"text": "İnsansan (İnsan isen) çöpünü buraya atma!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't buy it if it's too expensive.",
"text": "Çok pahalıysa (pahalı ise), almam.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're lucky, you'll meet someone that can divide your life into \"before\" and \"after.\"",
"text": "Eğer şanslıysanız (şanslı iseniz), hayatınızı \"öncesi\" ve \"sonrası\" olarak ayırabilecek biriyle tanışırsınız.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If the weather is cold, let's not go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuksa (soğuk ise) dışarı çıkmayalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood of the copula, affixed to nouns or noun-based words to turn them into verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction with personal inflections affixed onto the conjunction. If it is affixed to a word that ends in a vowel, \"y\" acts as buffer consonant in between."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-0lqVSQXh",
"links": [
[
"ise",
"ise#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the weather is not cold, let's go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuk değilse (soğuk değil ise) dışarı çıkalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the negative form of the above structure, the suffix is affixed to the negation particle."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-KjVVlZxA",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I play the guitar, whereas my sister plays the piano.",
"text": "Ben gitar çalarım, kız kardeşimse (kız kardeşim ise) piyano çalar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Her blood pressure is high, (and) her temperature is above normal.",
"text": "Tansiyonu yüksek, ateşiyse (ateşi ise) normalin üstünde.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The conditional mood of the copula can be used to denote contrast or introducing a new idea that follows from the first; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-T7pQvtJR",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 7 7 3 3 2 6 1 7 10 11 6 9 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can go to the movies if dad comes home early.",
"text": "Babam işten erken gelirse, sinemaya gidebiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You may remove the driver, if the copying process has ended.",
"text": "Kopyalama işlemi bitmişse, sürücüyü çıkarabilirsiniz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're not going to use these papers, I'll throw them away.",
"text": "Bu kağıtları kullanmayacaksan çöpe atacağım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If happiness could kill a person, I would have died long ago!",
"text": "Kişiyi mutluluk öldürebilirse, benim çoktan ölmem gerekirdi!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Time conjunctions and modals can be used with the conditional mood of the copula to form complex verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction, however it is rarely used in modern Turkish."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-CL9pFxX9",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 7 7 3 3 2 6 1 7 10 11 6 9 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Go ahead, eat!”",
"text": "ye- (“to eat”) + -se + -n → yesen (Con/Opt mood 2nd Sg.) + a (interj.) → Yesene!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“Stop looking!”",
"text": "bak- (“to look”) + -ma + -sa + -nız → bakmasanız (Con/Opt mood 2nd Pl. neg.) + a (interj.) → Bakmasanıza!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come to our place tonight!",
"text": "Bu akşam bize gelsenize!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Why doesn't he help his mother with the house chores!",
"text": "Annesine ev işlerinde yardım etse ya!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound imperative structure in colloquial usage with the interjection \"a\" (complies with vowel harmony), denoting an insistent request or command. In the 3rd person, the interjection \"ya\" replaces it and is written separately."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-PWx5NhSA",
"links": [
[
"a",
"a#Turkish"
],
[
"vowel harmony",
"w:Vowel Harmony#Turkish"
],
[
"ya",
"ya#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Only Alex could score a goal from this angle.",
"text": "Bu açıdan atsa atsa Alex gol atar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our affair could only be resolved at court.",
"text": "Bizim mesele çözülse çözülse mahkemede çözülür.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Repeating of the verb with the suffix forms an adverbial phrase denoting a certainty for the action to be fulfilled in a particular way or by a particular person."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-GC5PS-SQ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever I touch breaks.",
"text": "Elimi neye atsam bozuluyor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Anybody would protest these conditions.",
"text": "Kim olsa bu şartlara isyan ederdi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whomever I see I think is you.",
"text": "Kimi görsem sen sanıyorum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I remember the old days whenever I come here.",
"text": "Buraya ne zaman gelsem eski günleri hatırlarım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wherever she goes, she always has a book in her hands.",
"text": "Nereye gitse elinde mutlaka bir kitap olur.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms sub-clauses with question words, denoting an expansion or generalization of the scope of the verb. Depending on the question word, the sub-clause can act as the subject, object or adverbial phrase in the sentence."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-JImpk8Xj",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne (“what”) + -(y)se → neyse (“whatever, anyways”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nasıl (“how”) + -sa → nasılsa (“somehow, someway”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerede (“where”) + -(y)se → neredeyse (“almost, nearly, before long”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "neden (“why”) + -se → nedense (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "niye (“why”) + -(y)se → niyeyse (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms formulaic adverbs with certain question words."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-so8A2ELW",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 2 10 6 2 2 2 9 1 10 10 9 5 7 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kim (“who”) + -se → kimse (“anybody, nobody”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an indefinite pronoun with the question word \"kim\"."
],
"id": "en--sa-tr-suffix-I9esP-8M",
"links": [
[
"kim",
"kim#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسا",
"tr": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "ـس",
"tr": "-se"
},
"expansion": "ـس (-se)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*sā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *sā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*sā(j)-",
"t": "to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes"
},
"expansion": "*sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "saymak"
},
"expansion": "saymak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -sa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-sə"
},
"expansion": "-sə",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسا"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid ـسا",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "ـسه"
},
"expansion": "ـسه",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”). Compare saymak. Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-suffix-forms",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sa",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"back-vowel-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-se",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "su (“water”) + -sa → susamak (“to thirst, to feel the need to drink water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "durak (“stop, pause”) + -sa → duraksamak (“to pause, to seem to pause”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kap (“a container, receptacle”) + -sa → kapsamak (“to contain, to encompass”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "umur (“caring, minding, paying attention”) + -sa → umursamak (“to care, to mind, to pay attention”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs of wish, desire, inclination towards the noun it is derived from."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "çok (“much, a lot”) + -sa → çoksamak (“to regard as a lot”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hafif (“light, easy, ineffective, unimportant”) + -se → hafifsemek (“to regard as easy or unimportant, to disregard”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "garip (“strange, weird”) + -se → garipsemek (“to regard as or find strange”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives verbs from nouns or adjectives in the sense \"to regard as, to consider to be.\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + -ümse → gülümsemek (“to smile”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ben (“I, me”) + -imse → benimsemek (“to internalize, to embrace, to adopt”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "küçük (“small, little”) + -ümse → küçümsemek (“to belittle, to underestimate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and derives verbs.)"
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "iyi (“good”) + -mser → iyimser (“optimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kötü (“bad”) + -mser → kötümser (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kara (“black, dark”) + -msar → karamsar (“pessimistic”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "çek- (“to pull, to draw”) + -imser → çekimser (“abstaining (e.g from casting a vote)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -im (“derives nouns from verbs”) before it and -ar (“participle suffix”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-im",
"-im#Turkish"
],
[
"-ar",
"-ar#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bitki (“plant, herb”) + -sel → bitkisel (“herbal, vegetable”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kut (“happiness, good fortune”) + -sal → kutsal (“holy, sacred”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gör- (“to see”) + -sel → görsel (“visual”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "işit- (“to hear”) + -sel → işitsel (“auditory”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound suffix with -il (“derives nouns or adjectives from verbs or nouns”) after it and derives adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish suffixes",
"Turkish terms derived from Old Turkic",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "mood"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "ـسه",
"tr": "-sa, -se"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "otk",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic *-sar",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-sar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-sa"
},
"expansion": "*-sa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "*-sar"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur *-sar",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the \"r\" was gradually omitted over time. Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-sa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If he had money, he would buy it without thinking.",
"text": "Parası olsa, düşünmeden alır.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If she got up early in the morning, she wouldn't be late to school.",
"text": "Sabah erken kalksa, okula geç kalmaz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We could find it more easily if we asked someone.",
"text": "Birine sorsak daha kolay bulabiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whether he likes it or not, this is his duty.",
"text": "Beğense de beğenmese de, bu onun görevi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood in sentences within a conditional sub-clause."
],
"links": [
[
"conditional mood",
"w:Conditional mood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ugh, I wish I had as much time as you.",
"text": "Ah, benim de senin kadar zamanım olsa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come with us tomorrow.",
"text": "Yarın sen de bizimle gelsen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I could go back to school, I miss my friends a lot. (Two simple sentences connected with a comma.)",
"text": "Keşke artık okula dönebilsem, arkadaşlarımı çok özledim.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only people held hands. If only they united. If only we could reach eternity.",
"text": "İnsanlar el ele tutuşsa. Birlik olsa. Uzansak sonsuza.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If only we didn't have to go to bed early.",
"text": "Keşke erken yatmak zorunda olmasak.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes optative mood to the main verb in simple sentences; can be used with modals."
],
"links": [
[
"optative mood",
"w:Optative mood#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Wouldn't it be good if you came with us, too? (literally, “Would your coming with us not be good?”)",
"text": "Sen de bizimle gelsen olmaz mı?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You couldn't object to this proposal enough. (literally, “Any amount of objection of yours to this proposal would be justified.”)",
"text": "Bu öneriye ne kadar itiraz etsen yeridir.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sub-clause formed with the optative mood can act as the subject of the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If we had practiced more, we would have won.",
"text": "Daha çok çalışsaydık kazanırdık.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish I hadn't eaten that last baklava.",
"text": "Keşke o son baklavayı yemeseydim.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conditional and optative moods can be used with past moods of the copula to form complex verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"copula",
"w:Turkish copula"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Well, if you wanted to enter a good university, you should have studied more.",
"text": "İyi bir üniversite kazanmak istiyordun madem, daha çok çalışsaydın.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What shall I do, he should have listened to his father and not sell his car.",
"text": "Ne yapayım, babasını dinleseymiş de satmasaymış arabasını.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The optative mood can denote a reprimanding tone with past moods of the copula in colloquial usage."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you are a human being, don't throw your garbage here!",
"text": "İnsansan (İnsan isen) çöpünü buraya atma!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't buy it if it's too expensive.",
"text": "Çok pahalıysa (pahalı ise), almam.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're lucky, you'll meet someone that can divide your life into \"before\" and \"after.\"",
"text": "Eğer şanslıysanız (şanslı iseniz), hayatınızı \"öncesi\" ve \"sonrası\" olarak ayırabilecek biriyle tanışırsınız.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If the weather is cold, let's not go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuksa (soğuk ise) dışarı çıkmayalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes conditional mood of the copula, affixed to nouns or noun-based words to turn them into verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction with personal inflections affixed onto the conjunction. If it is affixed to a word that ends in a vowel, \"y\" acts as buffer consonant in between."
],
"links": [
[
"ise",
"ise#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the weather is not cold, let's go outside.",
"text": "Hava soğuk değilse (soğuk değil ise) dışarı çıkalım.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In the negative form of the above structure, the suffix is affixed to the negation particle."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I play the guitar, whereas my sister plays the piano.",
"text": "Ben gitar çalarım, kız kardeşimse (kız kardeşim ise) piyano çalar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Her blood pressure is high, (and) her temperature is above normal.",
"text": "Tansiyonu yüksek, ateşiyse (ateşi ise) normalin üstünde.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The conditional mood of the copula can be used to denote contrast or introducing a new idea that follows from the first; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can go to the movies if dad comes home early.",
"text": "Babam işten erken gelirse, sinemaya gidebiliriz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You may remove the driver, if the copying process has ended.",
"text": "Kopyalama işlemi bitmişse, sürücüyü çıkarabilirsiniz.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you're not going to use these papers, I'll throw them away.",
"text": "Bu kağıtları kullanmayacaksan çöpe atacağım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If happiness could kill a person, I would have died long ago!",
"text": "Kişiyi mutluluk öldürebilirse, benim çoktan ölmem gerekirdi!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Time conjunctions and modals can be used with the conditional mood of the copula to form complex verbs; can be written separately as the \"ise\" conjunction, however it is rarely used in modern Turkish."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Go ahead, eat!”",
"text": "ye- (“to eat”) + -se + -n → yesen (Con/Opt mood 2nd Sg.) + a (interj.) → Yesene!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“Stop looking!”",
"text": "bak- (“to look”) + -ma + -sa + -nız → bakmasanız (Con/Opt mood 2nd Pl. neg.) + a (interj.) → Bakmasanıza!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Why don't you) Come to our place tonight!",
"text": "Bu akşam bize gelsenize!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Why doesn't he help his mother with the house chores!",
"text": "Annesine ev işlerinde yardım etse ya!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a compound imperative structure in colloquial usage with the interjection \"a\" (complies with vowel harmony), denoting an insistent request or command. In the 3rd person, the interjection \"ya\" replaces it and is written separately."
],
"links": [
[
"a",
"a#Turkish"
],
[
"vowel harmony",
"w:Vowel Harmony#Turkish"
],
[
"ya",
"ya#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Only Alex could score a goal from this angle.",
"text": "Bu açıdan atsa atsa Alex gol atar.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Our affair could only be resolved at court.",
"text": "Bizim mesele çözülse çözülse mahkemede çözülür.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Repeating of the verb with the suffix forms an adverbial phrase denoting a certainty for the action to be fulfilled in a particular way or by a particular person."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Turkish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Whatever I touch breaks.",
"text": "Elimi neye atsam bozuluyor.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Anybody would protest these conditions.",
"text": "Kim olsa bu şartlara isyan ederdi.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Whomever I see I think is you.",
"text": "Kimi görsem sen sanıyorum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I remember the old days whenever I come here.",
"text": "Buraya ne zaman gelsem eski günleri hatırlarım.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wherever she goes, she always has a book in her hands.",
"text": "Nereye gitse elinde mutlaka bir kitap olur.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms sub-clauses with question words, denoting an expansion or generalization of the scope of the verb. Depending on the question word, the sub-clause can act as the subject, object or adverbial phrase in the sentence."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne (“what”) + -(y)se → neyse (“whatever, anyways”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nasıl (“how”) + -sa → nasılsa (“somehow, someway”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nerede (“where”) + -(y)se → neredeyse (“almost, nearly, before long”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "neden (“why”) + -se → nedense (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "niye (“why”) + -(y)se → niyeyse (“for some reason”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms formulaic adverbs with certain question words."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kim (“who”) + -se → kimse (“anybody, nobody”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms an indefinite pronoun with the question word \"kim\"."
],
"links": [
[
"kim",
"kim#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/se/"
}
],
"word": "-sa"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.