See -sum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -sum meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "suffix form", "g": "m" }, "expansion": "-sum m", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "41 32 27", "kind": "other", "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "-sus" } ], "glosses": [ "accusative singular of -sus" ], "id": "en--sum-la-suffix-1-eOOlyi", "links": [ [ "-sus", "-sus#Latin" ] ], "tags": [ "accusative", "form-of", "masculine", "morpheme", "singular" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sum/", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "[s̠ʊ̃ˑ]", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "/sum/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[sum]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "-sum" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "-sum", "3": "-som", "4": "-some" }, "expansion": "Middle English: -sum, -som, -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle English: -sum, -som, -some" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-some" }, "expansion": "English: -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -some" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-some" }, "expansion": "Scots: -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -some" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-sam" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-sam", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-samaz", "t": "same as" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ofs", "2": "-sum" }, "expansion": "Old Frisian -sum", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "-sam" }, "expansion": "Old High German -sam", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "-samr" }, "expansion": "Old Norse -samr", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃" }, "expansion": "Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰", "t": "same as" }, "expansion": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "sam", "3": "", "4": "whether, or" }, "expansion": "Old English sam (“whether, or”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "same", "t": "same" }, "expansion": "Old English same (“same”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ang-adecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumes", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumes", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "weak", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ang-adecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "", "head": "", "head2": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "-sum", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "-sum", "name": "ang-suffix" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-sum" }, "name": "ang-adecl" } ], "lang": "Old English", "lang_code": "ang", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "angsum ― difficult, constricted, āþrotsum ― irksome, ġecwēmsum ― pleasing, pleasant", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as" ], "id": "en--sum-ang-suffix-thAv9rJl", "links": [ [ "characterized", "characterized" ], [ "specific", "specific" ], [ "condition", "condition" ], [ "quality", "quality" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "joyful, winsome", "text": "wynsum", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "having or exemplifying" ], "id": "en--sum-ang-suffix-1StdFjBq", "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sum/" } ], "word": "-sum" }
{ "categories": [ "Old English entries with incorrect language header", "Old English lemmas", "Old English suffixes", "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "suffix form", "g": "m" }, "expansion": "-sum m", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Latin 1-syllable words", "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "Latin non-lemma forms", "Latin suffix forms", "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation" ], "form_of": [ { "word": "-sus" } ], "glosses": [ "accusative singular of -sus" ], "links": [ [ "-sus", "-sus#Latin" ] ], "tags": [ "accusative", "form-of", "masculine", "morpheme", "singular" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sum/", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "[s̠ʊ̃ˑ]", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "/sum/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[sum]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "-sum" } { "categories": [ "Old English entries with incorrect language header", "Old English lemmas", "Old English suffixes", "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "-sum", "3": "-som", "4": "-some" }, "expansion": "Middle English: -sum, -som, -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle English: -sum, -som, -some" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "-some" }, "expansion": "English: -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: -some" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "-some" }, "expansion": "Scots: -some", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: -some" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*-sam" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-sam", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*-samaz", "t": "same as" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ofs", "2": "-sum" }, "expansion": "Old Frisian -sum", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "-sam" }, "expansion": "Old High German -sam", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "-samr" }, "expansion": "Old Norse -samr", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃" }, "expansion": "Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰", "t": "same as" }, "expansion": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "sam", "3": "", "4": "whether, or" }, "expansion": "Old English sam (“whether, or”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "same", "t": "same" }, "expansion": "Old English same (“same”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ang-adecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumne", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumes", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumes", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sumre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumo", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "weak", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ang-adecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-suma", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-sume", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "masculine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "neuter", "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-suman", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumra", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumena", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "feminine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "neuter", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "masculine", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "feminine", "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-sumum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "neuter", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "", "head": "", "head2": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "-sum", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "-sum", "name": "ang-suffix" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-sum" }, "name": "ang-adecl" } ], "lang": "Old English", "lang_code": "ang", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Old English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "angsum ― difficult, constricted, āþrotsum ― irksome, ġecwēmsum ― pleasing, pleasant", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as" ], "links": [ [ "characterized", "characterized" ], [ "specific", "specific" ], [ "condition", "condition" ], [ "quality", "quality" ] ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] }, { "categories": [ "Old English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "joyful, winsome", "text": "wynsum", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "having or exemplifying" ], "tags": [ "morpheme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/sum/" } ], "word": "-sum" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.