See surname on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surname meaning in All languages combined (47.4kB)
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "given name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "middle name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "epithet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nickname"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "occupational surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surname",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnum"
},
"expansion": "Old French surnum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "surnoun",
"3": "",
"4": "surname; nickname"
},
"expansion": "surnoun (“surname; nickname”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surnoun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"t": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super-",
"3": "",
"4": "over, above, beyond"
},
"expansion": "super- (“over, above, beyond”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōmen",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "full name"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "anthroponym"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bride's name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "surname prior to marriage",
"word": "maiden name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "patronym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a surname specifically referencing one's father's given name",
"word": "patronymic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "matronym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a surname specifically referencing one's mother's given name",
"word": "matronymic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "nomen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "aftername"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 32 14 10 28 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Richard Harvey, Plaine Percevall the peace-maker of England, Sweetly indeuoring with his blunt persuasions to botch vp a reconciliation between Mar-ton and Mar-tother, B3",
"text": "My sirname is Peace-Maker, one that is but poorely regarded in England.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of epithet, an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-noun-lRSYWg5A",
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
],
[
"additional",
"additional"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"derived",
"derived"
],
[
"birthplace",
"birthplace"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of epithet, an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "epithet"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 34 25 9 21 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 14 10 28 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1638, Abraham Cowley, Davideis, section IV",
"text": "I have before declared that Baal was the Sun, and Baal Peor, a sirname, from a particular place of his worship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of nickname, an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-noun-HTia5SSV",
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
],
[
"given",
"given"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"byname",
"byname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of nickname, an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "nickname"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 32 14 10 28 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 45 12 7 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "James is my first name, and Smith is my surname.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1605, William Camden, Remaines, I 32",
"text": "In late yeeres Surnames have beene given for Christian names among vs, and no where else in Christendom.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1876, E. A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest, V xxv 563",
"text": "The Norman Conquest...brought with it the novelty of family nomenclature, that is to say, the use of hereditary surnames.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-noun-jMsahguo",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"shares",
"shares"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"members",
"members"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"given name",
"given name"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cognomen of Roman names."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-noun-Mnmh1NnA",
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical studies) The cognomen of Roman names."
],
"tags": [
"Classical-studies"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 14 10 28 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1455 in J. D. Marwick, Charters of Edinburgh (1871), 79",
"text": "The surnam and nerrest of blude to the said Williame."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clan."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-noun-e~FISoZ3",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A clan."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)neɪm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg/En-us-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg/En-uk-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"enpr": "sûrʹnām'"
},
{
"enpr": "sûʹnām'"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sirname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sur-name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "family name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "last name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "surname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "to-name"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "van"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mbiemër"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kunya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كُنْيَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ism al-ʕāʔila",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْم الْعَائِلَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kenwa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كنوة"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kniyya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كْنيّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azganun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ազգանուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "kunnāyā",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܟܘܼܢܵܝܵܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellíu"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyad"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "abizen"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "deitura"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prózvišča",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "про́звішча"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prózʹvišča",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "про́зьвішча"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "upadhi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "উপাধি"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "apelyido"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv-familh"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv-tiegezh"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "famílno íme",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фами́лно и́ме"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "rui:raa.many",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ရိုးရာအမည်"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "prúzvyšče",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пру́звище"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognom"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llinatge"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "famili",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамили"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ny",
"lang": "Chichewa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "dzina la bambo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "yue",
"english": "sing³ si⁶",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "щин"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"roman": "séng-sê",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "字姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xìng",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xìngshì",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "²xin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "²xin-zr",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hanow"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "příjmení"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slægtsnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achternaam"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "familienaam"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nhe",
"lang": "Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "tzonquīzcā"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familia nomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familinomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "perekonnanimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eftirnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ættarnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patronyme"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom de famille"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apelido"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcuño"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gvari",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "გვარი"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nachname"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Familienname"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epōnúmion",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἐπωνύμιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "aṭak",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "અટક"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "upanām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ઉપનામ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shem mishpakhá",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שֵׁם מִשׁפָּחָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kulnām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलनाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kul nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुल नाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "upnām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "उपनाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "vezetéknév"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "családnév"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "eftirnafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "kenninafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ættarnafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surnomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "marga"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nama keluarga"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familia"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "supernomine"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nomine de familia"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ultime nomine"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sloinne"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"alt": "せい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sei",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"alt": "みょうじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōji",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "名字"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"alt": "みょうじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōji",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "苗字"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "jeneng pancer"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "upanāma",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ಉಪನಾಮ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "krām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "کرٛام"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nôzwëskò"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tegı",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "тегі"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ata-tek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ата-тек"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "niəm trɑɑkoul",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "នាមត្រកូល"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"alt": "姓",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seong",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "성"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"alt": "姓氏",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seongssi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "성씨"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "paşnav"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "leqeb"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "atanaama",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "атанаама"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tegi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "теги"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "urugat",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "уругат"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alkunya"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sư̄ sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ຊື່ສະກຸນ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ນາມສະກຸນ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "wong wān",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ວົງວານ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "wong sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ວົງສະກຸນ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cōgnōmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uzvārds"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pavardė"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nama keluarga"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kulanāmaṁ",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "കുലനാമം"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kunjom"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "hala",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ᡥᠠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sliennoo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ingoa whānau"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "āḍnāv",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "आडनाव"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "famiĺij",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилий"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ješlüm",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ешлӱм"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surname"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surnoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "toname"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ovog ner",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "овог нэр"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ovog",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "овог"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "obug ner-e",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "obug",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠣᠪᠤᠭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "thar",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "थर"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sohkanamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "namma"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "goargu"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "navn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "namn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom d'ostal"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom de familha"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "upônamô",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ଉପନାମ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tōnama"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "myggag",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "мыггаг"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "koranay num",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کورنی نوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "taxalos",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تخلص"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "nâm-e xânevâdegi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "نامِ خانِوَادِگی"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "esm-e fâmil",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "اِسْمِ فامیل"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "lağab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nazwisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "apelido m (Portugal, means \"nickname\" in Brazil)",
"sense": "name that indicates family"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrenome"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nome de família"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pt",
"english": "when appearing last",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "último nome"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "upanām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ਉਪਨਾਮ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume de familie"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "patronim"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume patronimic"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "famílija",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фами́лия"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "про́звище n (prózvišče) (dated, now means \"nickname\")",
"sense": "name that indicates family"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sloinneadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прѐзиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prèzime"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cugnomu"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "wāsagama",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "වාසගම"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "famiʹljnõmm"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "priezvisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "priimek"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "swójbne mjeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "fane"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "difane"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellido"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "swg",
"lang": "Swabian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "Familiename"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "jina la ukoo"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familjenamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "apelyido"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "nomi xonavodagī",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "номи хонаводагӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṭumpappeyar",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "குடும்பப்பெயர்"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "familiyä",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "iṇṭipēru",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ఇంటిపేరు"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "naam-sà-gun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "นามสกุล"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"surname"
],
"word": "แซ่"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyadı"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyad"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyisim"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familiýa"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prízvyšče",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прі́звище"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xāndānī nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خانْدانی نام"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kul nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کُل نام"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "up nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اُپ نام"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "famile",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "فامىلە"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "laqab"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "họ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "tên họ"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "famülanem"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "no d' famile"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfenw"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "xeem"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "xh",
"lang": "Xhosa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ifani"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mishpokhe-nomen",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "משפּחה־נאָמען"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 34 8 4",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "isibongo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Icelandic name",
"surname"
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surname",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnum"
},
"expansion": "Old French surnum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "surnoun",
"3": "",
"4": "surname; nickname"
},
"expansion": "surnoun (“surname; nickname”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surnoun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"t": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super-",
"3": "",
"4": "over, above, beyond"
},
"expansion": "super- (“over, above, beyond”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōmen",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surnaming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surnamed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surnamed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surname (third-person singular simple present surnames, present participle surnaming, simple past and past participle surnamed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Wiktionary appendix of surnames"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To give a surname to."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-verb-iFlguzu~",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To give a surname to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 24",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "doni familinomon"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 24",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "antaa sukunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 24",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "apodar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To call by a surname."
],
"id": "en-surname-en-verb-UV1qAjCL",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To call by a surname."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to call by a surname",
"word": "kutsua sukunimellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to call by a surname",
"word": "apodo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)neɪm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg/En-us-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg/En-uk-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"enpr": "sûrʹnām'"
},
{
"enpr": "sûʹnām'"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sirname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sur-name"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"2010 United States census",
"surname"
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surname"
},
"expansion": "English: surname",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun",
"name": "partial calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "sur- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sire"
},
"expansion": "sire",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun, from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen; equivalent to sur- + name. Forms beginning with sir-, syr-, etc. represent reanalysis of the first element as sire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "surname",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surnames"
},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1330, Arthour and Merlin, section 5488",
"text": "Þe .xxxix. Osoman, cert, His surname was: hardi of hert.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Þe thred herrod had alsua til his suornome agrippa.",
"text": "c. 1400, \"St. John Baptist\", 928 in W. M. Metcalfe, Legends of the saints: in the Scottish dialect of the fourteenth century (1896), II 249",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet, nickname"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-sFfs9HRC",
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 71 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "enm:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1393, William Langland, Piers Plowman, C iv 369",
"text": "Þat is noȝt reisonable...to refusy my syres sorname.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-tOEpyRDJ",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the name of the Lord, to whom the surname [toname in the 1382 ed.] is God of Israel.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1395, Wycliff's Bible, Ecclus. XLVII 19",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alias, appellation"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-T~BpQkv6",
"links": [
[
"alias",
"alias"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurnaːm(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsirnaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "surename"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sourname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sorname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "syrname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sire name"
}
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms partially calqued from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)neɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)neɪm/2 syllables",
"en:Onomastics",
"enm:Onomastics"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "given name"
},
{
"word": "middle name"
},
{
"word": "epithet"
},
{
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"word": "nickname"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "occupational surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surname",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnum"
},
"expansion": "Old French surnum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "surnoun",
"3": "",
"4": "surname; nickname"
},
"expansion": "surnoun (“surname; nickname”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surnoun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"t": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super-",
"3": "",
"4": "over, above, beyond"
},
"expansion": "super- (“over, above, beyond”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōmen",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "full name"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "anthroponym"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "bride's name"
},
{
"english": "surname prior to marriage",
"word": "maiden name"
},
{
"word": "patronym"
},
{
"english": "a surname specifically referencing one's father's given name",
"word": "patronymic"
},
{
"word": "matronym"
},
{
"english": "a surname specifically referencing one's mother's given name",
"word": "matronymic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "nomen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "aftername"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Richard Harvey, Plaine Percevall the peace-maker of England, Sweetly indeuoring with his blunt persuasions to botch vp a reconciliation between Mar-ton and Mar-tother, B3",
"text": "My sirname is Peace-Maker, one that is but poorely regarded in England.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of epithet, an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement."
],
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet#English"
],
[
"additional",
"additional"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"derived",
"derived"
],
[
"birthplace",
"birthplace"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of epithet, an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "epithet"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1638, Abraham Cowley, Davideis, section IV",
"text": "I have before declared that Baal was the Sun, and Baal Peor, a sirname, from a particular place of his worship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of nickname, an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname."
],
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
],
[
"given",
"given"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"byname",
"byname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Synonym of nickname, an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "nickname"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "James is my first name, and Smith is my surname.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1605, William Camden, Remaines, I 32",
"text": "In late yeeres Surnames have beene given for Christian names among vs, and no where else in Christendom.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1876, E. A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest, V xxv 563",
"text": "The Norman Conquest...brought with it the novelty of family nomenclature, that is to say, the use of hereditary surnames.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"shares",
"shares"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"members",
"members"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"given name",
"given name"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The cognomen of Roman names."
],
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical studies) The cognomen of Roman names."
],
"tags": [
"Classical-studies"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1455 in J. D. Marwick, Charters of Edinburgh (1871), 79",
"text": "The surnam and nerrest of blude to the said Williame."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clan."
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A clan."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)neɪm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg/En-us-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg/En-uk-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"enpr": "sûrʹnām'"
},
{
"enpr": "sûʹnām'"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sirname"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sur-name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "family name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "last name"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "surname"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:surname",
"word": "to-name"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "van"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mbiemër"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kunya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "كُنْيَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ism al-ʕāʔila",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْم الْعَائِلَة"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kenwa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كنوة"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kniyya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كْنيّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "azganun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ազգանուն"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "kunnāyā",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܟܘܼܢܵܝܵܐ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellíu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyad"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "abizen"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "deitura"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prózvišča",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "про́звішча"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "prózʹvišča",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "про́зьвішча"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "upadhi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "উপাধি"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "apelyido"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv-familh"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anv-tiegezh"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "famílno íme",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фами́лно и́ме"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "rui:raa.many",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ရိုးရာအမည်"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "prúzvyšče",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пру́звище"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognom"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llinatge"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "famili",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамили"
},
{
"code": "ny",
"lang": "Chichewa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "dzina la bambo"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"english": "sing³ si⁶",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "щин"
},
{
"code": "cdo",
"lang": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"roman": "séng-sê",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "字姓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xìng",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xìngshì",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "²xin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "²xin-zr",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hanow"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "příjmení"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternavn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slægtsnavn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "achternaam"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "familienaam"
},
{
"code": "nhe",
"lang": "Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "tzonquīzcā"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familia nomo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familinomo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "perekonnanimi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "eftirnavn"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ættarnavn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patronyme"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom de famille"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apelido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcuño"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gvari",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "გვარი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nachname"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Familienname"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epōnúmion",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἐπωνύμιον"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "aṭak",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "અટક"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "upanām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ઉપનામ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shem mishpakhá",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שֵׁם מִשׁפָּחָה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kulnām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलनाम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kul nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुल नाम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "upnām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "उपनाम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "vezetéknév"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "családnév"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "eftirnafn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "kenninafn"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ættarnafn"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surnomo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "marga"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nama keluarga"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familia"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "supernomine"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nomine de familia"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ultime nomine"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sloinne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"alt": "せい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sei",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "姓"
},
{
"alt": "みょうじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōji",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "名字"
},
{
"alt": "みょうじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōji",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "苗字"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "jeneng pancer"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "upanāma",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ಉಪನಾಮ"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "krām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "کرٛام"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nôzwëskò"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tegı",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "тегі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ata-tek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ата-тек"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "niəm trɑɑkoul",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "នាមត្រកូល"
},
{
"alt": "姓",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seong",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "성"
},
{
"alt": "姓氏",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seongssi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "성씨"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "paşnav"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "leqeb"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "atanaama",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "атанаама"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "tegi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "теги"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "urugat",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "уругат"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alkunya"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sư̄ sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ຊື່ສະກຸນ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nām sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ນາມສະກຸນ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "wong wān",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ວົງວານ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "wong sa kun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ວົງສະກຸນ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cōgnōmen"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uzvārds"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pavardė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "nama keluarga"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kulanāmaṁ",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "കുലനാമം"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kunjom"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "hala",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ᡥᠠᠯᠠ"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sliennoo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ingoa whānau"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "āḍnāv",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "आडनाव"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "famiĺij",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилий"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ješlüm",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ешлӱм"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surname"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "surnoun"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "toname"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ovog ner",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "овог нэр"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ovog",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "овог"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "obug ner-e",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "obug",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠣᠪᠤᠭ"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "thar",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "थर"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "sohkanamma"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "namma"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "goargu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "navn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "namn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternamn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienamn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnamn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom d'ostal"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nom de familha"
},
{
"code": "or",
"lang": "Odia",
"roman": "upônamô",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ଉପନାମ"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tōnama"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "myggag",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "мыггаг"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "koranay num",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کورنی نوم"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "taxalos",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تخلص"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "nâm-e xânevâdegi",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "نامِ خانِوَادِگی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "esm-e fâmil",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "اِسْمِ فامیل"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "lağab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nazwisko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "apelido m (Portugal, means \"nickname\" in Brazil)",
"sense": "name that indicates family"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrenome"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nome de família"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "when appearing last",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "último nome"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "upanām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ਉਪਨਾਮ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume de familie"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "patronim"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume patronimic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nume"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "famílija",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фами́лия"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "про́звище n (prózvišče) (dated, now means \"nickname\")",
"sense": "name that indicates family"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sloinneadh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "прѐзиме"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "prèzime"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cugnomu"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "wāsagama",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "වාසගම"
},
{
"code": "sms",
"lang": "Skolt Sami",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "famiʹljnõmm"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "priezvisko"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "priimek"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "swójbne mjeno"
},
{
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "fane"
},
{
"code": "st",
"lang": "Sotho",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "difane"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellido"
},
{
"code": "swg",
"lang": "Swabian",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "Familiename"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "jina la ukoo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternamn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familjenamn"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "apelyido"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "familiya",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "nomi xonavodagī",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "номи хонаводагӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "kuṭumpappeyar",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "குடும்பப்பெயர்"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "familiyä",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "фамилия"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "iṇṭipēru",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ఇంటిపేరు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "naam-sà-gun",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "นามสกุล"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"surname"
],
"word": "แซ่"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyadı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyad"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "soyisim"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familiýa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "prízvyšče",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прі́звище"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xāndānī nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "خانْدانی نام"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kul nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "کُل نام"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "up nām",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اُپ نام"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "laqab",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَقَب"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "famile",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "فامىلە"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "familiya"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "laqab"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "họ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "tên họ"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "famülanem"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "no d' famile"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfenw"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "xeem"
},
{
"code": "xh",
"lang": "Xhosa",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "ifani"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mishpokhe-nomen",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "משפּחה־נאָמען"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "name that indicates family",
"word": "isibongo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Icelandic name",
"surname"
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms partially calqued from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)neɪm",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)neɪm/2 syllables",
"en:Onomastics",
"enm:Onomastics"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surname",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnum"
},
"expansion": "Old French surnum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "surnoun",
"3": "",
"4": "surname; nickname"
},
"expansion": "surnoun (“surname; nickname”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Middle English surnoun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"t": "surname"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super-",
"3": "",
"4": "over, above, beyond"
},
"expansion": "super- (“over, above, beyond”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōmen",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surnaming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surnamed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surnamed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "surname (third-person singular simple present surnames, present participle surnaming, simple past and past participle surnamed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary appendix of surnames"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To give a surname to."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To give a surname to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To call by a surname."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To call by a surname."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɝˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːˌneɪm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)neɪm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg/En-us-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-surname.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg/En-uk-surname.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/En-uk-surname.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
},
{
"enpr": "sûrʹnām'"
},
{
"enpr": "sûʹnām'"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "sirname"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "sur-name"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "doni familinomon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "antaa sukunimi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to give a surname",
"word": "apodar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to call by a surname",
"word": "kutsua sukunimellä"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to call by a surname",
"word": "apodo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"2010 United States census",
"surname"
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms partially calqued from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Onomastics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surname"
},
"expansion": "English: surname",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun",
"name": "partial calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "sur- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sire"
},
"expansion": "sire",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun, from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen; equivalent to sur- + name. Forms beginning with sir-, syr-, etc. represent reanalysis of the first element as sire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "surname",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surnames"
},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1330, Arthour and Merlin, section 5488",
"text": "Þe .xxxix. Osoman, cert, His surname was: hardi of hert.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Þe thred herrod had alsua til his suornome agrippa.",
"text": "c. 1400, \"St. John Baptist\", 928 in W. M. Metcalfe, Legends of the saints: in the Scottish dialect of the fourteenth century (1896), II 249",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet, nickname"
],
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1393, William Langland, Piers Plowman, C iv 369",
"text": "Þat is noȝt reisonable...to refusy my syres sorname.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the name of the Lord, to whom the surname [toname in the 1382 ed.] is God of Israel.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1395, Wycliff's Bible, Ecclus. XLVII 19",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alias, appellation"
],
"links": [
[
"alias",
"alias"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurnaːm(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsirnaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surename"
},
{
"word": "sourname"
},
{
"word": "sorname"
},
{
"word": "syrname"
},
{
"word": "sire name"
}
],
"word": "surname"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.