See cognomen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cognomen meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognōmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin cognōmen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "con-",
"3": "nōmen",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "with",
"t2": "name; family name"
},
"expansion": "con- (“with”) + nōmen (“name; family name”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cognōmen, from con- (“with”) + nōmen (“name; family name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognomens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomina",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cognomina"
},
"expansion": "cognomen (plural cognomens or cognomina)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cog‧no‧men"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 16 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 15 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 11 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 27 22",
"english": "given name",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "praenomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 27 22",
"english": "family name",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "nomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 27 22",
"english": "epithet",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "agnomen"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Julius Caesar's actual name was Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius was his praenomen or forename, Iulius his nomen or surname, and Caesar his cognomen, denoting which part of the Iulius family he belonged to.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007, David Potter, chapter 1, in The Emperors of Rome, page 36",
"text": "Roman tradition suggests that he might also have had the cognomen Octavian to indicate his biological family.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans."
],
"id": "en-cognomen-en-noun-O8qF~3ig",
"links": [
[
"personal",
"personal"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"clan",
"clan"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"add",
"add"
],
[
"given name",
"given name"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
],
[
"Ancient Romans",
"Ancient Romans"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "51 27 22",
"english": "increasingly uncommon",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "surname"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 12 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Cognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 12 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 12 28",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paronýmio",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρωνύμιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 12 28",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 11 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, published 1864",
"text": "In this by-place of nature, there abode, in a remote period of American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane; who sojourned, or, as he expressed it, \"tarried,\" in Sleepy Hollow[…]. The cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to his person.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of nickname, any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina."
],
"id": "en-cognomen-en-noun-CdCu4sFz",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or humorous) Synonym of nickname, any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "nickname"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 11 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "en:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018 December 23, Dragons' Den, spoken by Evan Davis",
"text": "What's in a name? Well, to the Dragons, it would seem rather a lot, as they've tonight committed their cash to personalised products and to the man with the most famous cognomen in confectionery. I'll leave you to look that one up.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of surname, a family name."
],
"id": "en-cognomen-en-noun-7wyEg6ef",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or humorous, uncommon) Synonym of surname, a family name."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a family name",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "surname"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nachname"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epítheto",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επίθετο"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cōgnōmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prézime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́зиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 4 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "famílija",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фами́лия"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡˈnoʊ.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prjakor",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прякор"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paratsoúkli",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρατσούκλι"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paranómi",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρανόμι"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forainm"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soprannome"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prékar",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре́кар"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tilnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kallenavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 33 34",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cognomen"
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cōgnōminis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cognom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: cognom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: cognom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cognome\n→ Cimbrian: konjåm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cognome\n→ Cimbrian: konjåm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cognome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cognome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cugnumi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: cugnumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: cugnumi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cognome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cognome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "con-",
"3": "nōmen",
"t1": "together, with",
"t2": "name"
},
"expansion": "con- (“together, with”) + nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cognōscō",
"3": "",
"4": "recognize"
},
"expansion": "cognōscō (“recognize”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From con- (“together, with”) + nōmen (“name”). The g is from false association, or analogy, with cognōscō (“recognize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cognōmen<3>"
},
"expansion": "cognōmen n (genitive cognōminis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cognōmen<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "agnōmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nōmen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 23 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with con-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 6 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "la:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 9 32",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "la:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname"
],
"id": "en-cognomen-la-noun-ZVwy-4RV",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third part of a formal name"
],
"id": "en-cognomen-la-noun-NMJ0zrZP",
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“There is a place, the Greeks call [it] by the name Hesperia [i.e., Italy], ….”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.530",
"text": "Est locus, Hesperiam Grāī cognōmine dīcunt, …."
}
],
"glosses": [
"an additional name derived from some characteristic; a nickname"
],
"id": "en-cognomen-la-noun-PdzU8rka",
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koɡˈnoː.men/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔŋˈnoːmɛn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/koɲˈɲo.men/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[koɲˈɲɔːmen]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognomen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin cognomen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognomen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cognomen",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cognomen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognomene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cognomene"
},
"expansion": "cognomen n (plural cognomene)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "cognomenelor",
"gpi": "cognomene",
"gsd": "cognomenului",
"gsi": "cognomen",
"n": "",
"npd": "cognomenele",
"npi": "cognomene",
"nsd": "cognomenul",
"nsi": "cognomen",
"vp": "cognomenelor",
"vs": "cognomenule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognomen"
],
"id": "en-cognomen-ro-noun-ybE8nd7P",
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"en:Ancient Rome",
"en:Onomastics"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "given name",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "praenomen"
},
{
"english": "family name",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "nomen"
},
{
"english": "epithet",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "agnomen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognōmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin cognōmen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "con-",
"3": "nōmen",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "with",
"t2": "name; family name"
},
"expansion": "con- (“with”) + nōmen (“name; family name”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin cognōmen, from con- (“with”) + nōmen (“name; family name”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognomens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomina",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cognomina"
},
"expansion": "cognomen (plural cognomens or cognomina)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cog‧no‧men"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Julius Caesar's actual name was Gaius Iulius Caesar. Gaius was his praenomen or forename, Iulius his nomen or surname, and Caesar his cognomen, denoting which part of the Iulius family he belonged to.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007, David Potter, chapter 1, in The Emperors of Rome, page 36",
"text": "Roman tradition suggests that he might also have had the cognomen Octavian to indicate his biological family.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans."
],
"links": [
[
"personal",
"personal"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"clan",
"clan"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"add",
"add"
],
[
"given name",
"given name"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
],
[
"Ancient Romans",
"Ancient Romans"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, published 1864",
"text": "In this by-place of nature, there abode, in a remote period of American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane; who sojourned, or, as he expressed it, \"tarried,\" in Sleepy Hollow[…]. The cognomen of Crane was not inapplicable to his person.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of nickname, any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
],
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or humorous) Synonym of nickname, any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "nickname"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "any epithet used similar to the Roman cognomina"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018 December 23, Dragons' Den, spoken by Evan Davis",
"text": "What's in a name? Well, to the Dragons, it would seem rather a lot, as they've tonight committed their cash to personalised products and to the man with the most famous cognomen in confectionery. I'll leave you to look that one up.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of surname, a family name."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"qualifier": "literary or humorous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or humorous, uncommon) Synonym of surname, a family name."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a family name",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "surname"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡˈnoʊ.mən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "increasingly uncommon",
"sense": "Roman clan name or epithet",
"word": "surname"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nachname"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epítheto",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επίθετο"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cōgnōmen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prézime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́зиме"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "etternavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "familienavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slektsnavn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "famílija",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фами́лия"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Cognomen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kognomen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paronýmio",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρωνύμιο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epónymo",
"sense": "the third part of the name of a citizen of ancient Rome",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "επώνυμο"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prjakor",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прякор"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paratsoúkli",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρατσούκλι"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paranómi",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "παρανόμι"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forainm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognome"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soprannome"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prékar",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре́кар"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tilnavn"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kallenavn"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cognomen"
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms prefixed with con-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"la:Ancient Rome",
"la:Onomastics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cōgnōminis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cognom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: cognom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: cognom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: cognome\n→ Cimbrian: konjåm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: cognome\n→ Cimbrian: konjåm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cognome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cognome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "cognomen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: cognomen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: cognomen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cugnumi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: cugnumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: cugnumi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cognome",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cognome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cognome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "con-",
"3": "nōmen",
"t1": "together, with",
"t2": "name"
},
"expansion": "con- (“together, with”) + nōmen (“name”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cognōscō",
"3": "",
"4": "recognize"
},
"expansion": "cognōscō (“recognize”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From con- (“together, with”) + nōmen (“name”). The g is from false association, or analogy, with cognōscō (“recognize”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cognōmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cognōmen<3>"
},
"expansion": "cognōmen n (genitive cognōminis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cognōmen<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "agnōmen"
},
{
"word": "nōmen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"third part of a formal name"
],
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“There is a place, the Greeks call [it] by the name Hesperia [i.e., Italy], ….”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.530",
"text": "Est locus, Hesperiam Grāī cognōmine dīcunt, …."
}
],
"glosses": [
"an additional name derived from some characteristic; a nickname"
],
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koɡˈnoː.men/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kɔŋˈnoːmɛn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/koɲˈɲo.men/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[koɲˈɲɔːmen]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognomen",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin cognomen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cognomen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cognomen",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cognomen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cognomene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cognomen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cognomene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cognomenelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cognomene"
},
"expansion": "cognomen n (plural cognomene)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "cognomenelor",
"gpi": "cognomene",
"gsd": "cognomenului",
"gsi": "cognomen",
"n": "",
"npd": "cognomenele",
"npi": "cognomene",
"nsd": "cognomenul",
"nsi": "cognomen",
"vp": "cognomenelor",
"vs": "cognomenule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"cognomen"
],
"links": [
[
"cognomen",
"cognomen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "cognomen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.