See nazwisko in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć na nazwisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć nazwisko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nazwać",
"3": "-isko",
"t1": "to call",
"t2": "place-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "nazwać (“to call”) + -isko (“place-forming suffix”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1559"
},
"expansion": "1559",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1559"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1559",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “nazwisko”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "nôzwëstkò"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian nôzwëstkò",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "на́звисько"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian на́звисько (názvysʹko)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "nazwisko"
},
"expansion": "Silesian nazwisko",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From nazwać (“to call”) + -isko (“place-forming suffix”). The use of the place suffix is due to the fact that last names used to be based on one's city of origin or residence. First attested in 1559. Compare Kashubian nôzwëstkò, Ukrainian на́звисько (názvysʹko), and Silesian nazwisko.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nazwiskowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "nazwiskowy"
},
"expansion": "nazwisko n (related adjective nazwiskowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"na‧zwis‧ko"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nazwis",
"2": "k",
"genp": "nazwisk"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 4 3 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 4 3 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 6 1 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 11 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 9 2 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 8 2 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 3 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -isko",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 4 4 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "pl:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: imię"
},
{
"english": "to be called (literally, “to have as a surname”)",
"text": "mieć na nazwisko",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, last name (name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name)"
],
"id": "en-nazwisko-pl-noun-G65c9k3i",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"last name",
"last name"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "godność"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"name (person famous or an authority in some field)"
],
"id": "en-nazwisko-pl-noun-D68TCXNI",
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"name (that by which someone calls something)"
],
"id": "en-nazwisko-pl-noun-htfyoguU",
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) name (that by which someone calls something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miano"
},
{
"word": "nazwa"
},
{
"word": "określenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 4 3 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 4 3 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 6 3 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -isko",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nickname (term that is not the real name for something)"
],
"id": "en-nazwisko-pl-noun-vg1hhfZl",
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) nickname (term that is not the real name for something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przezwisko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naˈzvis.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naˈzvis.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iskɔ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "nazwisko"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -isko",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/iskɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iskɔ/3 syllables",
"pl:Onomastics"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć na nazwisko"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mieć nazwisko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nazwać",
"3": "-isko",
"t1": "to call",
"t2": "place-forming suffix"
},
"expansion": "nazwać (“to call”) + -isko (“place-forming suffix”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1559"
},
"expansion": "1559",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1559"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1559",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “nazwisko”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "nôzwëstkò"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian nôzwëstkò",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "на́звисько"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian на́звисько (názvysʹko)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "nazwisko"
},
"expansion": "Silesian nazwisko",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From nazwać (“to call”) + -isko (“place-forming suffix”). The use of the place suffix is due to the fact that last names used to be based on one's city of origin or residence. First attested in 1559. Compare Kashubian nôzwëstkò, Ukrainian на́звисько (názvysʹko), and Silesian nazwisko.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nazwiskowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiskach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwisko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nazwiska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"adj": "nazwiskowy"
},
"expansion": "nazwisko n (related adjective nazwiskowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"na‧zwis‧ko"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nazwis",
"2": "k",
"genp": "nazwisk"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: imię"
},
{
"english": "to be called (literally, “to have as a surname”)",
"text": "mieć na nazwisko",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, last name (name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name)"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"last name",
"last name"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "godność"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"name (person famous or an authority in some field)"
],
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"name (that by which someone calls something)"
],
"links": [
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) name (that by which someone calls something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miano"
},
{
"word": "nazwa"
},
{
"word": "określenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"nickname (term that is not the real name for something)"
],
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) nickname (term that is not the real name for something)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przezwisko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naˈzvis.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/naˈzvis.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iskɔ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "nazwisko"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nazwisko meaning in Polish (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.