See 姓 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 姓 meaning in Japanese (16.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shōji",
"ruby": [
[
"姓氏",
"しょうじ"
]
],
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "seishi",
"ruby": [
[
"姓氏",
"せいし"
]
],
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "seikaiseido",
"ruby": [
[
"姓階",
"せいかい"
],
[
"制度",
"せいど"
]
],
"word": "姓階制度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "seizoku",
"ruby": [
[
"姓族",
"せいぞく"
]
],
"word": "姓族"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "seimei",
"ruby": [
[
"姓名",
"せいめい"
]
],
"word": "姓名"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "goshō",
"ruby": [
[
"五姓",
"ごしょう"
]
],
"word": "五姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shishō",
"ruby": [
[
"四姓",
"ししょう"
]
],
"word": "四姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "素姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sujō",
"word": "種姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zokushō",
"ruby": [
[
"俗姓",
"ぞくしょう"
]
],
"word": "俗姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "isei",
"ruby": [
[
"異姓",
"いせい"
]
],
"word": "異姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ekisei",
"ruby": [
[
"易姓",
"えきせい"
]
],
"word": "易姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改姓",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"外姓",
"がいせい"
]
],
"word": "外姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"下姓",
"かせい"
]
],
"word": "下姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kyūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"旧姓",
"きゅうせい"
]
],
"word": "旧姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gensei",
"ruby": [
[
"現姓",
"げんせい"
]
],
"word": "現姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"国姓",
"こくせい"
]
],
"word": "国姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sansei",
"ruby": [
[
"三姓",
"さんせい"
]
],
"word": "三姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shishusei",
"ruby": [
[
"四種姓",
"ししゅせい"
]
],
"word": "四種姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"四姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "四姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"氏姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "氏姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"賜姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "賜姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"俗姓",
"ぞくせい"
]
],
"word": "俗姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tasei",
"ruby": [
[
"他姓",
"たせい"
]
],
"word": "他姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"同姓",
"どうせい"
]
],
"word": "同姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bansei",
"ruby": [
[
"万姓",
"ばんせい"
]
],
"word": "万姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hyakusei",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくせい"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fukusei",
"ruby": [
[
"複姓",
"ふくせい"
]
],
"word": "複姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bessei",
"ruby": [
[
"別姓",
"べっせい"
]
],
"word": "別姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "honsei",
"ruby": [
[
"本姓",
"ほんせい"
]
],
"word": "本姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Goseda",
"ruby": [
[
"五姓田",
"ごせだ"
]
],
"word": "五姓田"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ōmitakara",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"おおみたから"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-character-BjiFKgsX",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-character-ZVwy-4RV",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kabane-gaki",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "姓書: someone's full name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "written out with the status of their clan append"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "clan name",
"roman": "kabane na",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"かばね"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "姓名"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Yakusa no Kabane",
"word": "八色の姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hasshiki no Kabane",
"word": "八色の姓: a specific set of eight kabane title promulgate by Emperor Tenmu in 675 CE"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かばね"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "株",
"3": "",
"4": "stock, root",
"tr": "kabu"
},
"expansion": "株 (kabu, “stock, root”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "根",
"3": "",
"4": "root, origin",
"tr": "ne"
},
"expansion": "根 (ne, “root, origin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "名",
"3": "",
"4": "name",
"tr": "na"
},
"expansion": "名 (na, “name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "골품"
},
"expansion": "Korean 골품 (golpum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "骨品",
"lit": "bones + goods"
},
"expansion": "骨品 (literally “bones + goods”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "屍",
"3": "",
"4": "corpse, dead body",
"tr": "kabane"
},
"expansion": "屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of 株 (kabu, “stock, root”) + 根 (ne, “root, origin”) or 名 (na, “name”). However, the required /u/ → /a/ sound shift would be unusual.\nAnother thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, Korean 골품 (golpum), a Sino-Korean term also spelled 骨品 (literally “bones + goods”), the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the Silla kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with 屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"かばね"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kabane",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かばね"
},
"expansion": "姓(かばね) • (kabane)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a clan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-XGjHDN5U",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "氏"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 10 2 14 21 2 21 4 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-qgGIIOo1",
"links": [
[
"hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"title",
"title"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かばね"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ba̠ne̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla"
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hassei",
"ruby": [
[
"八姓",
"はっせい"
]
],
"word": "八姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姓"
},
"expansion": "姓 (MC sjengH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading sèⁿ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "せい"
},
"expansion": "姓(せい) • (sei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sei o okasu",
"word": "姓を冒す: to be adopt by a different clan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "to take on a different surname"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 7 17 1 26 8 26 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 6 22 1 22 11 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 2 8 22 3 22 5 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 2 14 21 2 21 4 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-tOEpyRDJ",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-BjiFKgsX",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "せー"
},
{
"ipa": "[se̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上姓",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "geshō",
"ruby": [
[
"下姓",
"げしょう"
]
],
"word": "下姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "koshō",
"ruby": [
[
"小姓",
"こしょう"
]
],
"word": "小姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姓"
},
"expansion": "姓 (MC sjengH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/siau/ → /ɕjɔː/ → /ɕoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Hakka reading siang.\nThis reading is less common than sei above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "syau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "しやう",
"roman": "syau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょう",
"hhira": "しやう"
},
"expansion": "姓(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 7 17 1 26 8 26 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 6 22 1 22 11 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 2 8 22 3 22 5 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 2 14 21 2 21 4 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-tOEpyRDJ1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) surname, family name"
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 6 22 1 22 11 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-BjiFKgsX1",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) clan"
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "直音",
"3": "",
"4": "\"straight\" pronunciation",
"pos": "dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides",
"tr": "chokuon"
},
"expansion": "直音 (chokuon, “\"straight\" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A shift from shō above to use the 直音 (chokuon, “\"straight\" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides).\nThis reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the Utsubo Monogatari from the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そう"
},
"expansion": "姓(そう) • (sō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 7 17 1 26 8 26 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 6 22 1 22 11 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 2 8 22 3 22 5 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 10 2 14 21 2 21 4 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-tOEpyRDJ1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) surname, family name"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 1 6 22 1 22 11 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 1 5 18 1 20 11 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"id": "en-姓-ja-noun-BjiFKgsX1",
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) clan"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[so̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かばね",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 姓",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shōji",
"ruby": [
[
"姓氏",
"しょうじ"
]
],
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"roman": "seishi",
"ruby": [
[
"姓氏",
"せいし"
]
],
"word": "姓氏"
},
{
"roman": "seikaiseido",
"ruby": [
[
"姓階",
"せいかい"
],
[
"制度",
"せいど"
]
],
"word": "姓階制度"
},
{
"roman": "seizoku",
"ruby": [
[
"姓族",
"せいぞく"
]
],
"word": "姓族"
},
{
"roman": "seimei",
"ruby": [
[
"姓名",
"せいめい"
]
],
"word": "姓名"
},
{
"roman": "goshō",
"ruby": [
[
"五姓",
"ごしょう"
]
],
"word": "五姓"
},
{
"roman": "shishō",
"ruby": [
[
"四姓",
"ししょう"
]
],
"word": "四姓"
},
{
"word": "素姓"
},
{
"roman": "sujō",
"word": "種姓"
},
{
"roman": "zokushō",
"ruby": [
[
"俗姓",
"ぞくしょう"
]
],
"word": "俗姓"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
},
{
"roman": "isei",
"ruby": [
[
"異姓",
"いせい"
]
],
"word": "異姓"
},
{
"roman": "ekisei",
"ruby": [
[
"易姓",
"えきせい"
]
],
"word": "易姓"
},
{
"roman": "kaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"改姓",
"かいせい"
]
],
"word": "改姓"
},
{
"roman": "gaisei",
"ruby": [
[
"外姓",
"がいせい"
]
],
"word": "外姓"
},
{
"roman": "kasei",
"ruby": [
[
"下姓",
"かせい"
]
],
"word": "下姓"
},
{
"roman": "kyūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"旧姓",
"きゅうせい"
]
],
"word": "旧姓"
},
{
"roman": "gensei",
"ruby": [
[
"現姓",
"げんせい"
]
],
"word": "現姓"
},
{
"roman": "kokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"国姓",
"こくせい"
]
],
"word": "国姓"
},
{
"roman": "sansei",
"ruby": [
[
"三姓",
"さんせい"
]
],
"word": "三姓"
},
{
"roman": "shishusei",
"ruby": [
[
"四種姓",
"ししゅせい"
]
],
"word": "四種姓"
},
{
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"四姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "四姓"
},
{
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"氏姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "氏姓"
},
{
"roman": "shisei",
"ruby": [
[
"賜姓",
"しせい"
]
],
"word": "賜姓"
},
{
"roman": "zokusei",
"ruby": [
[
"俗姓",
"ぞくせい"
]
],
"word": "俗姓"
},
{
"roman": "tasei",
"ruby": [
[
"他姓",
"たせい"
]
],
"word": "他姓"
},
{
"roman": "dōsei",
"ruby": [
[
"同姓",
"どうせい"
]
],
"word": "同姓"
},
{
"roman": "bansei",
"ruby": [
[
"万姓",
"ばんせい"
]
],
"word": "万姓"
},
{
"roman": "hyakusei",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくせい"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
},
{
"roman": "fukusei",
"ruby": [
[
"複姓",
"ふくせい"
]
],
"word": "複姓"
},
{
"roman": "bessei",
"ruby": [
[
"別姓",
"べっせい"
]
],
"word": "別姓"
},
{
"roman": "honsei",
"ruby": [
[
"本姓",
"ほんせい"
]
],
"word": "本姓"
},
{
"roman": "Goseda",
"ruby": [
[
"五姓田",
"ごせだ"
]
],
"word": "五姓田"
},
{
"roman": "ōmitakara",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"おおみたから"
]
],
"word": "百姓"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 姓",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kabane-gaki",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "姓書: someone's full name"
},
{
"word": "written out with the status of their clan append"
},
{
"english": "clan name",
"roman": "kabane na",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"かばね"
],
[
"名",
"な"
]
],
"word": "姓名"
},
{
"roman": "Yakusa no Kabane",
"word": "八色の姓"
},
{
"roman": "Hasshiki no Kabane",
"word": "八色の姓: a specific set of eight kabane title promulgate by Emperor Tenmu in 675 CE"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "かばね"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "株",
"3": "",
"4": "stock, root",
"tr": "kabu"
},
"expansion": "株 (kabu, “stock, root”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "根",
"3": "",
"4": "root, origin",
"tr": "ne"
},
"expansion": "根 (ne, “root, origin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "名",
"3": "",
"4": "name",
"tr": "na"
},
"expansion": "名 (na, “name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "골품"
},
"expansion": "Korean 골품 (golpum)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "骨品",
"lit": "bones + goods"
},
"expansion": "骨品 (literally “bones + goods”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "屍",
"3": "",
"4": "corpse, dead body",
"tr": "kabane"
},
"expansion": "屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of 株 (kabu, “stock, root”) + 根 (ne, “root, origin”) or 名 (na, “name”). However, the required /u/ → /a/ sound shift would be unusual.\nAnother thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, Korean 골품 (golpum), a Sino-Korean term also spelled 骨品 (literally “bones + goods”), the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the Silla kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with 屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"かばね"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kabane",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かばね"
},
"expansion": "姓(かばね) • (kabane)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a clan"
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "氏"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"hereditary",
"hereditary"
],
[
"title",
"title"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かばね"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ba̠ne̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla"
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 姓",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hassei",
"ruby": [
[
"八姓",
"はっせい"
]
],
"word": "八姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "せい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姓"
},
"expansion": "姓 (MC sjengH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading sèⁿ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "せい"
},
"expansion": "姓(せい) • (sei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "sei o okasu",
"word": "姓を冒す: to be adopt by a different clan"
},
{
"word": "to take on a different surname"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "せー"
},
{
"ipa": "[se̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 姓",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jōshō",
"ruby": [
[
"上姓",
"じょうしょう"
]
],
"word": "上姓"
},
{
"roman": "geshō",
"ruby": [
[
"下姓",
"げしょう"
]
],
"word": "下姓"
},
{
"roman": "koshō",
"ruby": [
[
"小姓",
"こしょう"
]
],
"word": "小姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姓"
},
"expansion": "姓 (MC sjengH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/siau/ → /ɕjɔː/ → /ɕoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Hakka reading siang.\nThis reading is less common than sei above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "syau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "しやう",
"roman": "syau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょう",
"hhira": "しやう"
},
"expansion": "姓(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) surname, family name"
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) clan"
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 姓",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "直音",
"3": "",
"4": "\"straight\" pronunciation",
"pos": "dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides",
"tr": "chokuon"
},
"expansion": "直音 (chokuon, “\"straight\" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A shift from shō above to use the 直音 (chokuon, “\"straight\" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides).\nThis reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the Utsubo Monogatari from the late 900s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姓",
"ruby": [
[
"姓",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "そう"
},
"expansion": "姓(そう) • (sō)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) surname, family name"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"clan"
],
"links": [
[
"clan",
"clan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) clan"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[so̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "姓"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"姓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"姓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"姓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "姓",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"姓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"姓"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "姓",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.