See surname in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for surname meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surname"
},
"expansion": "English: surname",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun",
"name": "partial calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "sur- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sire"
},
"expansion": "sire",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun, from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen; equivalent to sur- + name. Forms beginning with sir-, syr-, etc. represent reanalysis of the first element as sire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "surname",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surnames"
},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1330, Arthour and Merlin, section 5488",
"text": "Þe .xxxix. Osoman, cert, His surname was: hardi of hert.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Þe thred herrod had alsua til his suornome agrippa.",
"text": "c. 1400, \"St. John Baptist\", 928 in W. M. Metcalfe, Legends of the saints: in the Scottish dialect of the fourteenth century (1896), II 249",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet, nickname"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-sFfs9HRC",
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 23 20 6 16 1 1 3 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 20 6 16 1 1 3 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 6 16 1 1 3 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 71 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Onomastics",
"orig": "enm:Onomastics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Names",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1393, William Langland, Piers Plowman, C iv 369",
"text": "Þat is noȝt reisonable...to refusy my syres sorname.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-tOEpyRDJ",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the name of the Lord, to whom the surname [toname in the 1382 ed.] is God of Israel.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1395, Wycliff's Bible, Ecclus. XLVII 19",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alias, appellation"
],
"id": "en-surname-enm-noun-T~BpQkv6",
"links": [
[
"alias",
"alias"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurnaːm(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsirnaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "surename"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sourname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sorname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "syrname"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sire name"
}
],
"word": "surname"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms partially calqued from Old French",
"Middle English terms prefixed with sur-",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Onomastics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "surname"
},
"expansion": "English: surname",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: surname"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "surnoun"
},
"expansion": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun",
"name": "partial calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "supernōmen, suprānōmen"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sur-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "sur- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sire"
},
"expansion": "sire",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial calque of Old French surnoun, from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen; equivalent to sur- + name. Forms beginning with sir-, syr-, etc. represent reanalysis of the first element as sire.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "surnames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "surname",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surnames"
},
"expansion": "surname (plural surnames)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1330, Arthour and Merlin, section 5488",
"text": "Þe .xxxix. Osoman, cert, His surname was: hardi of hert.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Þe thred herrod had alsua til his suornome agrippa.",
"text": "c. 1400, \"St. John Baptist\", 928 in W. M. Metcalfe, Legends of the saints: in the Scottish dialect of the fourteenth century (1896), II 249",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"epithet, nickname"
],
"links": [
[
"epithet",
"epithet"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1393, William Langland, Piers Plowman, C iv 369",
"text": "Þat is noȝt reisonable...to refusy my syres sorname.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surname, family name"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname#English"
],
[
"family name",
"family name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the name of the Lord, to whom the surname [toname in the 1382 ed.] is God of Israel.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1395, Wycliff's Bible, Ecclus. XLVII 19",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alias, appellation"
],
"links": [
[
"alias",
"alias"
],
[
"appellation",
"appellation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsurnaːm(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsirnaːm(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "surename"
},
{
"word": "sourname"
},
{
"word": "sorname"
},
{
"word": "syrname"
},
{
"word": "sire name"
}
],
"word": "surname"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.