See stale on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fresh"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale-dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale drunk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale-grown"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale-mouthed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale read"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale-smelling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale-worn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"id": "clear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
},
"expansion": "Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish stel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "staler",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stalest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "go stale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stale drunk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "en:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1637, John Taylor, The Famovs Historie of the most part of Drinks, in use now in the Kingdomes of Great Brittaine and Ireland:",
"text": "The stronger Beere is divided into two parts (viz.) mild and stale; the first may ease a man of a drought, but the later is like water cast into a Smiths forge, and breeds more heartburning, and as rust eates into Iron, so overstale Beere gnawes auletholes in the entrales, or else my skill failes, and what I have written of it is to be held as a jest.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1826, A Practical Man, The Vintner's, Brewer's, Spirit Merchant's, and Licensed Victualler's Guide, page 243:",
"text": "Particular care must be taken that the stale beer in which the isinglass is dissolved be perfectly clear and stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, David Booth, The Art of Brewing, page 52:",
"text": "Is not that hard or stale beer mixed to give the porter the appearance of age at once, which formerly was allowed to be matured by time?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-gJSNcuCb",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"Clear",
"clear"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, obsolete) Clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1530, John Palsgrave, L'éclaircissement de la langue française, 325 2:",
"text": "Stale as breed or drinke is, rassis. Stale as meate is that begynneth to savoure, viel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1550, Wyll of Deuill, C 2 b",
"text": "New freshe blood to ouersprinkle their stale mete that it may seme...newly kylled."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen Woodworth, In Golden Blood: Number 3 in series:",
"text": "To her surprise, Abe did not come to collect her for the usual morning inhabitation session with Azure. She did not see him until almost noon, when he personally delivered lunch to her tent. Another stale roll and cup of water sat on the tray he carried. Abe hung his head, as abashed as Honorato had been. “This is all I could sneak in for now. I'll try to get more later.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer fresh, in reference to food, urine, straw, wounds, etc."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-WeEcrcmj",
"links": [
[
"No longer",
"no longer"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1562, Proverbs & Epigrams, J. Heywood, published 1867, section 95:",
"text": "Better is...be it new or stale, A harmelesse lie, than a harmefull true tale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1579, in G. Harvey, letter book, 60",
"text": "Doist thou smyle to reade this stale and beggarlye stuffe."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 133:",
"text": "How wary, stale, flat, and vnprofitable Seeme to me all the vses of this world?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822 March, Charles Lamb, London Magazine, 284 1:",
"text": "A two-days-old newspaper. You resent the stale thing as an affront.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Mark Lawson, And They Rose Up: Days of Retribution:",
"text": "Rick would comment on the fact that he'd never had such bad coffee, not even the mud at his precinct. Mark would tell him to quit with the stale joke, already",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer fresh, new, or interesting, in reference to ideas and immaterial things; clichéd, hackneyed, dated."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-fCDEqf8Q",
"links": [
[
"new",
"new"
],
[
"interesting",
"interesting"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"immaterial",
"immaterial"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"clichéd",
"clichéd"
],
[
"hackneyed",
"hackneyed"
],
[
"dated",
"dated"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "bajat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "banalen",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "банален"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "gastat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "passat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ouderwets"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "väljähtänyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "tympeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "kulunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vieilli"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "périmé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suranné"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "démodé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "veraltet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ausgelutscht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xeperasménos",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ξεπερασμένος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éolos",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "έωλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "elcsépelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ósdi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "obsoleto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "sorpassato"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "vecchio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "superato"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"alt": "ちんぷな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpu-na",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "陳腐な"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "estagnado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbítyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "изби́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "banálʹnyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "бана́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "about joke or news",
"roman": "borodátyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "борода́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "manido"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "anquilosado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "trillado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manoseado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gastado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "periclitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "passé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aviyi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forpassé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "ki l' tins a forcrexhou (periphrase)",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 23 39 20 6 2 2 4 2 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "foû môde"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1580, J. Jeffere, Bugbears, I ii 108:",
"text": "Rosimunda...hathe an vncle a stale batcheler.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1742, T. Short, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 42 226:",
"text": "In barren Women, and stale Maids, Tapping should be very cautiously undertaken.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer nubile or suitable for marriage, in reference to people; past one's prime."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj--smRWlR5",
"links": [
[
"nubile",
"nubile"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"prime",
"prime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) No longer nubile or suitable for marriage, in reference to people; past one's prime."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 7 7 17 10 8 10 6 3 1 2 12 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 7 7 16 10 8 10 6 3 1 2 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 9 16 10 7 10 6 4 2 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 9 17 10 7 10 5 3 1 1 12 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 9 16 10 7 10 6 4 2 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 7 7 17 10 8 10 6 3 1 2 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tày translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 9 16 10 7 10 6 4 2 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 9 16 10 7 10 6 4 2 2 11 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, David L. Hough, Street Strategies for Motorcyclists:",
"text": "In most states, you can be ticketed for failing to clear the intersection, even if you are hemmed in by traffic. One good clue to a stale green light is the pedestrian signal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not new or recent; having been in place or in effect for some time."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-MQ1I-fg9",
"links": [
[
"new",
"new"
],
[
"recent",
"recent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) Not new or recent; having been in place or in effect for some time."
],
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bajat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bajat",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "баят"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "passat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ranci"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "florit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "陳腐 /陈腐"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "oud"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "oudbakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "vervallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "brak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"english": "air",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "muf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"topics": [
"beer",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "verschaald"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "malfreŝa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "väljähtänyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ummehtunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "vanhentunut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "fr",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rassis"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reseso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "resésego"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "falmaguento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "manido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "pasado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "choco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "abgestanden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "schal"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "of bread",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "altbacken"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bagiátikos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "μπαγιάτικος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stásimos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "στάσιμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "héōlos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ἕωλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "állott"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "áporodott"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "poshadt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "staðinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "basi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "of bread",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "raffermo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ammuffito"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "avariato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rancido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"alt": "ふるい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furui",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "古い"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cah",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ចាស់"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"note": "of food",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "basi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "raccourchi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "mouaîsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ealdbacen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bayât",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "بیات"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "czerstwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of air and water)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "parado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "estagnado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of food)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rançoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of bread)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "seco"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "velho"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesvéžij",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "несве́жий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórstvyj",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "чёрствый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zátxlyj",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "за́тхлый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "revenido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"topics": [
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "pasado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rancio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"english": "air",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "viciado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "alaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "correoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "endurecido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "avslagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "däven"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pācina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "పాచిన"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vāḍina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "వాడిన"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vaḍalina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "వడలిన"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bốt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "mên bốt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bút"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "thiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ôi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avancî"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 10 10 2 34 12 6 16 5 4",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suri"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 7 6 14 11 7 10 5 3 2 2 14 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 6 7 13 18 6 8 5 5 2 2 14 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 8 13 10 6 10 5 3 2 2 13 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1764, Museum Rusticum, II 306:",
"text": "Lime would do very little or no good on stale ploughed lands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fallow, in reference to land."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-yw7AhZvX",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"Fallow",
"fallow"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, obsolete) Fallow, in reference to land."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a stale affidavit",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a stale demand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1769, William Blackstone, Common Laws of England, IV xv 211:",
"text": "The jury will rarely give credit to a stale complaint.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-uuQBbneI",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Unreasonably",
"unreasonably"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856, “Stonehenge”, in Manual of British Rural Sports, II i vi §7 335:",
"text": "By this means the [horse's] legs are not made more stale than necessary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885 May 28, Truth, 853 2:",
"text": "Dame Agnes will probably be stale after her exertions in the Derby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Worn out, particularly due to age or over-exertion, in reference to athletes and animals in competition."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-9fue6ciI",
"links": [
[
"Worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"due",
"due"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"over-",
"over-"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"athlete",
"athlete"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "en:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901, Business Terms & Phrases, second edition, 199:",
"text": "Stale cheque,...a cheque which has remained unpaid for some considerable time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-7Nmewcm2",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"Out of date",
"out of date"
],
[
"unpaid",
"unpaid"
],
[
"unreasonable",
"unreasonable"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"check",
"check"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bug was found to be caused by stale data in the cache.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of data: out of date; not synchronized with the newest copy."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-n44AWGd-",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"data",
"data"
],
[
"out of date",
"out of date"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) Of data: out of date; not synchronized with the newest copy."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hackneyed"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"id": "clear"
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"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
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}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, II iii 39:",
"text": "I went to Riggs's batty-cake shop, and asked 'em for a penneth of the cheapest and nicest stales, that were all but blue-mouldy, but not quite.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, George Orwell, Road to Wigan Pier, I i 15:",
"text": "Frayed-looking sweet-cakes...bought as ‘stales’ from the baker.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something stale; a loaf of bread or the like that is no longer fresh."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-eNi0QOnB",
"links": [
[
"Something",
"something"
],
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
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[
"no",
"no"
],
[
"longer",
"longer"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Something stale; a loaf of bread or the like that is no longer fresh."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
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{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coscurro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "mendrugo"
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{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sequete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rosigón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zatico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chusco"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antistaling"
}
],
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish stel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
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"participle",
"past"
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},
{
"form": "staled",
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"past"
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}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1:",
"text": "Stalyn, or make stale drynke, defeco.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1826, Art of Brewing, second edition, 106:",
"text": "A stock of old porter should be kept, sufficient for staling the consumption of twelve months.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stale; to age in order to clear and strengthen (a drink, especially beer)."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-8VhN-1KV",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
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[
"clear",
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],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of alcohol, obsolete, transitive) To make stale; to age in order to clear and strengthen (a drink, especially beer)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of alcohol"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 6 6 13 8 6 8 5 3 1 2 4 4 3 1 1 15 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 6 7 13 8 6 8 6 3 2 1 3 3 3 1 2 11 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 7 6 14 11 7 10 5 3 2 2 14 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 7 7 16 10 7 10 6 4 2 2 14 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 8 13 10 6 10 5 3 2 2 13 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, Ben Jonson, Fountaine of Self-love, section 36:",
"text": "Ile goe tell all the Argument of his Play aforehand, and so stale his Inuention to the Auditory before it come foorth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv:",
"text": "Not content To stale himselfe in all societies, He makes my house as common as a Mart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 241:",
"text": "Age cannot wither her, nor custome stale Her infinite variety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1863, W. W. Story, Roba di Roma, I i 7:",
"text": "Pictures and statues have been staled by copy and description.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stale; to cause to go out of fashion or currency; to diminish the novelty or interest of, particularly by excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-Rs2bFjZI",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"out of fashion",
"out of fashion"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"novelty",
"novelty"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make stale; to cause to go out of fashion or currency; to diminish the novelty or interest of, particularly by excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 61 35 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to diminish the interest of by excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "kyllästyttää"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, E. Erskine, Serm. in Wks., 50 1:",
"text": "They have got so much of Christ as to be staled of his company.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1893, “Q”, in Delectable Duchy, section 325:",
"text": "Philanthropy was beginning to stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Stephen King, The Moving Finger:",
"text": "Vi's penchant for puns had struck him as cute when he first met her, but it had staled somewhat over the years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stale; to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-cajVHANn",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"odious",
"odious"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become stale; to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 18 68 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "kyllästyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 18 68 12",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "katuu",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "катуу"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 18 68 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čerstvetʹ",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "черстветь"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "en:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, W. Ellis, London & Country Brewer, 4th edition, I 64:",
"text": "The Drink from that Time flattens and stales.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stale; to grow unpleasant from age."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-efgje0kX",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"age",
"age"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, intransitive) To become stale; to grow unpleasant from age."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 12 28 53",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of alcohol: to grow unpleasant from age",
"word": "mennä pilalle"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
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},
{
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}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle, shaft, stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stalu"
},
"expansion": "Old English stalu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stalō",
"4": "*stal-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stal-",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stell"
},
"expansion": "English stell",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "steal"
},
"expansion": "English steal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stele"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stela"
},
"expansion": "Old English stela",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stelaną",
"4": "*stel-"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στελεός",
"t": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stele"
},
"expansion": "English stele",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old English stalu, from Proto-Germanic *stal-; compare English stell from this root. The development was paralleled by the ablaut which became English steal, from Middle English stele, from Old English stela, from Proto-Germanic *stel-. Both are from the same Proto-Indo-European root *stel-, *stol- (“to place, establish”), whence also Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”). See also English stele.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stalk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, W. Ellis, London & Country Brewer, 4th edition, I 61:",
"text": "In Case your Cask is a Butt,...have ready boiling...Water, which put in, and, with a long Stale and a little Birch fastened to its End, scrub the Bottom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890 February 4, Manchester Guardian, 12 3:",
"text": "You came to me with the axe head in one hand and the stale in the other.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-mJiGnFhx",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"rake",
"rake"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "long, thin handle",
"word": "varsi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, W. D. Parish et al., Kentish Dial.:",
"text": "Stales, the staves, or risings of a ladder, or the staves of a rack in a stable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, T. E. Smith, The Nova Scotia Fruit Grower, page 72:",
"text": "Fruit ladders should be provided beforehand. They differ from the ordinary ladder by having the bottom rungs a little longer and the top of the side stales meeting together so is to rest in the fork of a limb.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Research Paper - Issues 141-155, page 7:",
"text": "The zigzag determines the order of the currents from [1] which occur on the stales of the ladder and their relation with the currents from [0] which occur on the rungs and ringles between them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the posts or uprights of a ladder."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-2fDTpMOy",
"links": [
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) One of the posts or uprights of a ladder."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1792, Thomas Paine, A Rod in Brine, or a tickler for T. Paine, page 16:",
"text": "To begin then: not long before this paragraph was written, P fell into doze, and dreamt, he saw Jacob's ladder with one foot standing on the earth, the other reaching up into heaven. Dukes, Marquisses, and other Peers, fancy represented to him, as standing on the upper stales; on the middle ones, Knights and Baronets, and under them, a train of Esquires and Gentlemen, reaching to the bottom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834, Joseph Adshead, A Circumstantial Narrative of the Wreck of the Rothsay, page 236:",
"text": "Mr. Marsden managed, by dint of swimming, to come in contact with the form, to which hemself and friend had previously fixed the cord and thrown overboard; but this, from its shape, would have proved, in all probability, but a doubtful means of escape, had he not, after a time, fallen in with a small ladder, which he affixed with the cord to the form, placing his leg between the stales, and resting his body, sometimes at full length, when the breakers had fallen on the form.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Archaeologia Cantiana - Volume 30, page 173:",
"text": "The rental of the lands remained at these figures for many years, and the following extracts are examples of the payments made:— A.D. 1686, Utt, pᵈ Thomas Rassel for a load of lime delivered to Smalhith Chappell 01₤ 11s. 0d. Itt . for a quire of paper 00₤ 00s. 06d. Itt . for a ladder for the use of the Chappel 33 stales long , at 2ᵈ yᵉ stale 00₤ 05s. 6d.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Barney Edward Daley, Tobacco Parish: A Collection of South Windsor's Memories:",
"text": "Ash was used for stales (ladder rungs).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Matthew Engel, Engel's England: Thirty-nine counties, one capital and one man:",
"text": "As a young man Mike Austen, a retired farmer now working as a guide at Brogdale, used to climb up a ladder with sixty 'stales', or rungs – eight inches between each of them – to pick the cherries in his father's orchard with a basket tied to either his waist or the ladder.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the rungs on a ladder."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-jeCgsS4D",
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-nR89A6aR",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, obsolete) The stem of a plant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1553, Q. Curtius Rufus, translated by J. Brende, Hist., section IX:",
"text": "The Surgians cut of the stale of that shaft in suche wise, that they moued not the heade that was wythin the fleshe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1611, Homer, translated by G. Chapman, Iliad, IV 173:",
"text": "...seeing th'arrowes stale without.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shaft of an arrow, spear, etc."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-t-RmStSS",
"links": [
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 1 4 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "archery: shaft of an arrow",
"word": "varsi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "botanical, preferred",
"word": "stele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "steal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "stail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "grip of tools, generally",
"word": "handle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "grip of tools, generally, and especially of axes",
"word": "haft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "grip of tools, generally",
"word": "helve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "body of arrows, spears",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "shaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "snath"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the shaft of a scythe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "plants",
"word": "stem"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle, shaft, stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
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},
"expansion": "Old English stalu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
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"4": "*stal-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stal-",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "stell"
},
"expansion": "English stell",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "steal"
},
"expansion": "English steal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stele"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stele",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stela"
},
"expansion": "Old English stela",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stelaną",
"4": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στελεός",
"t": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stele"
},
"expansion": "English stele",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old English stalu, from Proto-Germanic *stal-; compare English stell from this root. The development was paralleled by the ablaut which became English steal, from Middle English stele, from Old English stela, from Proto-Germanic *stel-. Both are from the same Proto-Indo-European root *stel-, *stol- (“to place, establish”), whence also Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”). See also English stele.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1492, Archæol. Cant., XVI 304:",
"text": "For stalyng of the ladders of the Churche xx d.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ladder by joining rungs (\"stales\") between the posts."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-cWbmz228",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
],
[
"join",
"join"
],
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"post",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To make a ladder by joining rungs (\"stales\") between the posts."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
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{
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{
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{
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],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hold one's stale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in stale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flying stale"
}
],
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{
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"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
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"4": "",
"5": "place, something placed"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "French étal",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "stal"
},
"expansion": "Frankish stal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stallaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estal (“place, something placed”) (compare French étal), from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz. Related to stall and stand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1550, Edward Halle, The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke:",
"text": "Wherefore they had a great avauntage, but in coclusion thie french menne were slayne, and their horses taken, and so the lyght horsement came wyth their catail, nere to the embushment, and the frenchimen folowed, that seyng the englyshmen that kept the stale, came in al hast & rescued their light horsemen, and draue the frenchemen backe, & then made returne to their beastes",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808, Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, page 580:",
"text": "All these in great hast came to Newnam bridge, where they found other Englishmen that had woone the bridge of the Frenchmen, and so all togither set foward to assaile the Frenchmen that kept the stale, and tarie till the residue of their companie which were gone a forraging vnto Calis walles were come: for the other that had spoiled the marishes were returned with a great bootie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Stopford Kenny, Practical Chess Exercises, page 205:",
"text": "You cannot take the queen without giving a stale, therefore you lose the game.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-NWUG-60~",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
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"battle-line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, obsolete) A fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
"parents": [
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"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis Bacon, Essays, section 65:",
"text": "They stand at a stay; Like a Stale at Chesse, where it is no Mate, but yet the Game cannot stirre.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-bPKS3LtA",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
],
[
"game",
"game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, uncommon) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1513, Virgil, translated by G. Douglas, Æneid, XI x 96:",
"text": "It is a stelling place and sovir harbry, Quhar ost in staill or embuschment may ly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1577, R. Holinshed, Chron, II 1479 2:",
"text": "The erle of Essex...with .ii. C. speares was layde in a stale, if the Frenchmen had come neerer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ambush."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-lkdRFRpc",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, obsolete) An ambush."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1540, H. Boece, translated by J. Bellenden, Hyst. & Cron. Scotl., XII xvi 184:",
"text": "The staill past throw the wod with sic noyis...yat all the bestis wer rasit fra thair dennys.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1577, R. Holinshed, Hist. Scotl., 471 2 in Chron., I",
"text": "The Lard of Drunlanrig lying al thys while in ambush...forbare to breake out to gyue anye charge vppon his enimies, doubting least the Earle of Lennox hadde kept a stale behynde."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band of armed men or hunters."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-eTTIoi5G",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
],
[
"men",
"men"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A band of armed men or hunters."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1532, State Papers Henry VIII, published 1836, IV 626:",
"text": "Neveryeles I knaw asweill by Englisemen as Scottishmen that their stale was no les then thre thowsand men.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The main force of an army."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-45LUBy1L",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"main",
"main"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"army",
"army"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, military, obsolete) The main force of an army."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estal",
"4": "",
"5": "place, something placed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estal (“place, something placed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "étal"
},
"expansion": "French étal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frk",
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"4": "stal"
},
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},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stallaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estal (“place, something placed”) (compare French étal), from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz. Related to stall and stand.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stale (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
"parents": [
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"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1470, Ashmolean MS 344, 21",
"text": "Then drawith he & is stale."
}
],
"glosses": [
"At a standstill; stalemated."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-adj-PvZaRJkM",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
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"standstill"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, obsolete) At a standstill; stalemated."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
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{
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}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estal",
"4": "",
"5": "place, something placed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estal (“place, something placed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étal"
},
"expansion": "French étal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "stal"
},
"expansion": "Frankish stal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stallaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estal (“place, something placed”) (compare French étal), from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz. Related to stall and stand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
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"Human activity",
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"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1470, Ashmole MS 344, 7",
"text": "He shall stale þe black kyng in the pointe þer the crosse standith."
},
{
"ref": "1903, H. J. R. Murray, Brit. Chess. Mag., section 283:",
"text": "In China, however, a player who stales his opponent's King, wins the game.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stalemate."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-8ZAlzmIS",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, uncommon, transitive) To stalemate."
],
"tags": [
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"uncommon"
],
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"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
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"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1597, A. Montgomerie, Cherrie & Slae, section 202:",
"text": "For vnder cuire I got sik check, that I micht neither muife nor neck, bot ather stale or mait.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be stalemated."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-bdyiYwM3",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, obsolete, intransitive) To be stalemated."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
}
],
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{
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"1": "en",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "to piss"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"word": "to have a rod in stale"
},
{
"word": "blood-stale"
},
{
"word": "stale-foul"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1535, the Bible, translated by Miles Coverdale, Isaiah, XXXVI.100:",
"text": "[…]That they be not compelled to eate their owne donge, and drinke their owne stale with you?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1548, Robert Record, Vrinal of Physick, XI.89:",
"text": "The stale of Camels and Goats[…]is good for them that have the dropsie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1583, B. Melbancke, Philotimus:",
"text": "Or annoint thy selfe with the stale of a mule.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 48, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Those of Crotta being hardly besieged by Metellus, were reduced to so hard a pinch, and strait necessitie of all manner of other beverage, that they were forced to drinke the stale or urine of their horses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 62:",
"text": "Thou did'st drinke The stale of Horses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1698, J. Fryer, New Acct. E.-India & Persia, page 242:",
"text": "Mice and Weasels by their poysonous Stale infect the Trees so, that they produce Worms.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, W. Ellis, Chiltern & Vale Farming, page 122:",
"text": "Sheep, whose Dung and Stale is of most Virtue in the Nourishment of all Trees.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Urine, especially used of horses and cattle."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "urine"
}
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-ARQLjd00",
"links": [
[
"Urine",
"urine"
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[
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"especially"
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[
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],
[
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]
],
"qualifier": "livestock",
"raw_glosses": [
"(livestock, obsolete) Urine, especially used of horses and cattle."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
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"4": "to piss"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
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{
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "15th century, Lawis Gild, X in Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland, 68",
"text": "Gif ony stal in the yet of the gilde...he sall gif iiijd. to the mendis."
},
{
"ref": "1530, John Palsgrave, L'éclaircissement de la langue française, 732 1:",
"text": "Tary a whyle, your hors wyll staale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 8:",
"text": "Why a pox o' your boxe, once againe: let your little wife stale in it, and she will.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1663, T. Killigrew, Parson's Wedding, I iii:",
"text": "I wonder [the knight's son] doth not go on all four too, and hold up his Leg when he stales.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1903, Rudyard Kipling, Five Nations, section 150:",
"text": "Cattle-dung where fuel failed; Water where the mules had staled; And sackcloth for their raiment.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1920, Aleister Crowley, Leigh Sublime:",
"text": "You stale like a mare\nAnd fart as you stale",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin, published 2013, page 35:",
"text": "A mile or two before we got to the meet he stopped at an inn, where he put our horses into the stable for twenty minutes, ‘to give them a chance to stale’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To urinate, especially used of horses and cattle."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "urinate"
}
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-~ZIIdGIJ",
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]
],
"qualifier": "livestock",
"raw_glosses": [
"(livestock, obsolete, intransitive) To urinate, especially used of horses and cattle."
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "piss like a racehorse"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
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"name": "inh"
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"2": "xno",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "pigeon used to lure hawks"
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{
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"name": "der"
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"3": "",
"4": "decoy reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale (“bird used as a decoy”), probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”). Compare Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”) and Northumbrian stællo (“catching fish”).",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Falconry",
"orig": "en:Falconry",
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"Human activity",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"ref": "1579, Thomas North, “Sylla”, in Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, section 515:",
"text": "Like vnto the fowlers, that by their stales draw other birdes into their nets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1608, Ludovico Ariosto, translated by R. Tofte, Satyres, IV 56:",
"text": "A wife thats more then faire is like a stale, Or chanting whistle which brings birds to thrall.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-M5KZClWR",
"links": [
[
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"falconry"
],
[
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"hunting#Noun"
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"bird"
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[
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"birds of prey"
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[
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"others"
],
[
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"kind"
],
[
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"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(falconry, hunting, obsolete) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"falconry",
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1529, \"The Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng\", 324, in John Skelton, Certayne Bokes",
"text": "She ran in all the hast\nVnbrased and vnlast...\nIt was a stale to take\nthe deuyll in a brake."
},
{
"ref": "1577, Raphael Holinshed, “The Historie of England, from the Time that It Was First Inhabited, Vntill the Time that It Was Last Conquered”, in Chronicles, 79 2:",
"text": "The Britaynes woulde oftentimes...lay their Cattell...in places conueniente, to bee as a stale to the Romaynes, and when the Romaynes shoulde make to them to fetche the same away,...they would fall vpon them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1579, J. Stubbs, Discouerie Gaping Gulf:",
"text": "Her daughter Margerit was the stale to lure...them that otherwise flewe hyghe...and could not be gotten.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1615, George Sandys, A Relation of a Iourney begun An: Dom: 1610, I 66:",
"text": "...many of the Coffamen keeping beaytifull boyes, who ſerue as ſtales to procure them cuſtomers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1670, J. Eachard, Grounds Contempt of Clergy, section 88:",
"text": "Six-pence or a shilling to put into the Box, for a stale to decoy in the rest of the Parish.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any lure, particularly in reference to people used as live bait."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-ddVqnmy6",
"links": [
[
"lure",
"lure"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
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"bait"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Any lure, particularly in reference to people used as live bait."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
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"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, section III:",
"text": "Their mynisters, be false bretherne or false sustern, stales of the deuyll.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1633, S. Marmion, Fine Compan., III iv:",
"text": "This is Captain Whibble, the Towne stale, For all cheating imployments.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An accomplice of a thief or criminal acting as bait."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-7GTPXtmy",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"accomplice",
"accomplice"
],
[
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"thief"
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[
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"criminal"
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[
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],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(crime, obsolete) An accomplice of a thief or criminal acting as bait."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1578, J. Lyly, Euphues, section 33:",
"text": "I perceiue Lucilla (sayd he) that I was made thy stale, and Philautus thy laughinge stocke.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, T. Hughes, Misfortunes Arthur, I ii 3:",
"text": "Was I then chose and wedded for his stale?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, T. Middleton et al., Roaring Girle:",
"text": "Did I for this loose all my friends...to be made A stale to a common whore?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 100:",
"text": "But, too vnruly Deere, he breakes the pale And feedes from home; poore I am but his stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1619–1623, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Little French Lawyer”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv:",
"text": "This comes of rutting: Are we made stales to one another?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a partner whose beloved abandons or torments him in favor of another."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-xlDZGwxu",
"links": [
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"whose",
"whose"
],
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"abandon",
"abandon"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
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"in favor of"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a partner whose beloved abandons or torments him in favor of another."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1580, E. Grindal in 1710, J. Strype, Hist. E. Grindal, 252",
"text": "That of the two nominated, one should be an unfit Man, and as it were a Stale, to bring the Office to the other."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], line 260:",
"text": "Had he none else to make a stale but me?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1614, W. Raleigh, Hist. World, I iv iii §19 239:",
"text": "Eurydice...meaning nothing lesse than to let her husband serue as a Stale, keeping the throne warme till another were growne old enough to sit in it.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711, J. Puckle, Club, section 20:",
"text": "A pretence of kindness is the universal stale to all base projects.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A patsy, a pawn, someone used under some false pretext to forward another's (usu. sinister) designs; a stalking horse."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-WeQ7Dsd6",
"links": [
[
"patsy",
"patsy"
],
[
"pawn",
"pawn"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"some",
"some"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"pretext",
"pretext"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"another",
"another"
],
[
"usu",
"usually"
],
[
"sinister",
"sinister"
],
[
"designs",
"designs"
],
[
"stalking horse",
"stalking horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A patsy, a pawn, someone used under some false pretext to forward another's (usu. sinister) designs; a stalking horse."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 23:",
"text": "Spare not to tell him, that he hath wronged his honor in marrying the renowned Claudio...to a contaminated stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1606, S. Daniel, Queenes Arcadia, II i:",
"text": "But to be leaft for such a one as she, The stale of all, what will folke thinke of me?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1641, Ralph Montagu, Acts & Monuments, section 265:",
"text": "...detesting as he said the insatiable impudency of a prostitute Stale.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prostitute of the lowest sort; any wanton woman."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-Xtd33Txo",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
],
[
"lowest",
"lowest"
],
[
"sort",
"sort"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"qualifier": "crime",
"raw_glosses": [
"(crime, obsolete) A prostitute of the lowest sort; any wanton woman."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "en:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, J. Flavell, Method of Grace, XXXV 588:",
"text": "'Tis the living bird that makes the best stale to draw others into the net.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, G. M. Fenn, Dick o' the Fens, section 53:",
"text": "If my live birds aren't all drownded and my stales spoiled.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any decoy, either stuffed or manufactured."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-noun-PyWcVeWs",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"Any",
"any"
],
[
"decoy",
"decoy"
],
[
"stuffed",
"stuffed"
],
[
"manufactured",
"manufactured"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting, obsolete) Any decoy, either stuffed or manufactured."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
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},
{
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],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"t": "bird used as a decoy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale (“bird used as a decoy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "pigeon used to lure hawks"
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "en",
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"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "decoy reindeer"
},
"expansion": "Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale (“bird used as a decoy”), probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”). Compare Old English stælhran (“decoy reindeer”) and Northumbrian stællo (“catching fish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
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"past"
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1557, Tottel's Misc., section 198:",
"text": "The eye...Doth serue to stale her here and there where she doth come and go.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve as a decoy, to lure."
],
"id": "en-stale-en-verb-3LUDzijL",
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"decoy",
"decoy"
],
[
"lure",
"lure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, obsolete, transitive) To serve as a decoy, to lure."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stallaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "stalla"
},
"expansion": "Romansch stalla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "stalla"
},
"expansion": "Italian stalla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "stała"
},
"expansion": "Venetan stała",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stallaz. Compare Romansch stalla, stala, Italian stalla, Venetan stała.",
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{
"form": "stalis",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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{
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"8": "{{{3}}}",
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"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "stale f (plural stalis)",
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{
"args": {
"1": "f",
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"expansion": "stale f (plural stalis)",
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"lang_code": "fur",
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{
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"cowshed"
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[
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{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "cowshed",
"word": "vacjarìe"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stable, stall"
],
"id": "en-stale-fur-noun-9HqXmzue",
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[
"stable",
"stable"
],
[
"stall",
"stall"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Friulian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pigsty"
],
"id": "en-stale-fur-noun-ERxZi61u",
"links": [
[
"pigsty",
"pigsty"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stale#Etymology 4"
},
"expansion": "English: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stale"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sthall"
},
"expansion": "Yola: sthall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: sthall"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estal",
"t": "urine"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estal (“urine”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman estal (“urine”).",
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{
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
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{
"args": {
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th c., Stockh. Medical MS. in Anglia XVIII.299",
"text": "In werd ben men & women[…]þat þer stale mown not holde.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"urine"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-g1O-oXKf",
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[
"urine",
"urine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English, hapax) urine"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stal/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "stalu",
"4": "",
"5": "theft"
},
"expansion": "Old English stalu (“theft”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stalō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stalō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stalu (“theft”), from Proto-Germanic *stalō.",
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{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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],
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite, section 9:",
"text": "Ine þise heste is vorbode roberie, þiefþe, stale, and gavel.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"theft; the act of stealing"
],
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[
"theft",
"theft"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"stealing",
"stealing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1240, “Sawles Warde”, in Cott. Hom., section 249:",
"text": "Hire wune is to cumen bi stale...hwen me least cweneð.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stealth (used in the phrase bi stale)"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-yEbKyTun",
"links": [
[
"stealth",
"stealth"
],
[
"used",
"used"
],
[
"phrase",
"phrase"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
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],
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}
],
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}
{
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{
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stalu (“a piece of wood into which a harp-string is fixed”).",
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{
"form": "stales",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"An upright of a ladder."
],
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[
"upright",
"upright"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A rung in a ladder; tier."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-b7T0Ziwy",
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"tier",
"tier"
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1315, Shoreham Poems, I 49:",
"text": "Þis ilke laddre is charite, Þe stales gode þeawis.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The posts and rungs composing a ladder."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-BrTB7XpL",
"links": [
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"composing",
"composing"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Ansae et ansulae alicuius rei sunt illa eminentia in illa re per quam capi possit .i. ‘stale’.",
"text": "12th century, Sidonius Glosses in Anecd. Oxon., I v 59 22",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And lerede men a ladel bygge with a long stale.",
"text": "c. 1393, Langland, Piers Plowman (Vesp. MS), C xxii 279",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-mJiGnFhx",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"rake",
"rake"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A shoot of a plant."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-iCHFFwG5",
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
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}
{
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{
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"args": {
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},
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}
],
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"3": "estal"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French estal",
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estal, from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz.",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun"
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{
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And at pavelen...þe Erle of Dorzet helde is stale, and þer he toke prisoners.",
"text": "c. 1450, in C. L. Kingsford, Chrons. London (1905), 123",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, V xi 179:",
"text": "And syr Florence with his C knyghtes alwey kepte the stale and foughte manly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-6PEaOsTB",
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"battle-line",
"battle-line"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "enm:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1423, Kingis Quair, section CLXIX:",
"text": "‘Off mate?’ quod sche...‘thou has fundin stale This mony day’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-bPKS3LtA",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
],
[
"game",
"game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1425, Wyntoun Cron., IX viii 811:",
"text": "And he in stale howyd al stil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ambush"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-ofzFnjNp",
"links": [
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Every time that it shall be ordered..that armed men..shall land on the enemy's coast to seek victuals... then there shall be ordained a sufficient ‘stale’ of armed men and archers who shall wait together on the land until the ‘forreiours’ return to them].\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1350, in N. H. Nicolas, Hist. Royal Navy (1847), II 491",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th century, Morte Arthur, 1355",
"text": "[Gawayne] sterttes owtte to hys stede, and with his stale wendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a band of armed men or hunters"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-JA6vwAjC",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
],
[
"men",
"men"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stale#Etymology 5"
},
"expansion": "English: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "pigeon used to lure hawks"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Falconry",
"orig": "enm:Falconry",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "enm:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1:",
"text": "Stale, of fowlynge or byrdys takynge, stacionaria.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-noun-qWJ9RxkC",
"links": [
[
"falconry",
"falconry"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"live",
"live"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"lure",
"lure"
],
[
"birds of prey",
"birds of prey"
],
[
"others",
"others"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(falconry, hunting) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
"topics": [
"falconry",
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stale#Etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "English: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clear"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), probably connected to Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "enm:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Bi forn þe king abenche Red win to schenche And after mete stale Boþe win and ale.",
"text": "c. 1300, K. Horn (Laud), 383",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Sir Thopas, section 52:",
"text": "Notemuge to putte in ale, Whether it be moyste or stale",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-adj-BZyn6azV",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages) clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "From stale (“stalemate”) or stalen (“to stalemate”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stalemated in chess."
],
"id": "en-stale-enm-adj-hI09bfZ-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Stalemated in chess."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stale",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Polish: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: stale"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: stale"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "stały",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "stały + -e",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1484"
},
"expansion": "1484",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1484"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1484",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From stały + -e. First attested in 1484.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "zlw-opl-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 705:",
"text": "Chcze, aby ony tho yego synovye, thą tho vyarą zsthalye vyznavaly a mocznye trzymaly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"always, persistently"
],
"id": "en-stale-zlw-opl-adv-T16394Os",
"links": [
[
"always",
"always"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) always, persistently"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stalʲɛ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/stalʲɛ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stale",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish stale",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stały",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, stały + -e",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian stale",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish stale. By surface analysis, stały + -e. Compare Kashubian stale.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stale (not comparable)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nigdy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"constantly, continually"
],
"id": "en-stale-pl-adv-e1KGvIjI",
"links": [
[
"constantly",
"constantly"
],
[
"continually",
"continually"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bez ustanku"
},
{
"word": "bezustannie"
},
{
"word": "ciągle"
},
{
"word": "furt"
},
{
"word": "na okrągło"
},
{
"word": "nieprzerwanie"
},
{
"word": "nieustająco"
},
{
"word": "nieustannie"
},
{
"word": "ustawicznie"
},
{
"word": "wciąż"
},
{
"word": "wiecznie"
},
{
"word": "zawsze"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"permanently, for good"
],
"id": "en-stale-pl-adv-PMQnY~pC",
"links": [
[
"permanently",
"permanently"
],
[
"for good",
"for good"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) permanently, for good"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na dobre"
},
{
"word": "na stałe"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"decidedly"
],
"id": "en-stale-pl-adv-FH7o91gy",
"links": [
[
"decidedly",
"decidedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) decidedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stanowczo"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stal"
}
],
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"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of stal"
],
"id": "en-stale-pl-noun-dRfFAbAQ",
"links": [
[
"stal",
"stal#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stały",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish stały",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stały"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish stały",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "stały",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, stały + -e",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish stały. By surface analysis, stały + -e.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stale (not comparable)",
"name": "szl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
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"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "adv",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian terms suffixed with -e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"constantly, continually"
],
"id": "en-stale-szl-adv-e1KGvIjI",
"links": [
[
"constantly",
"constantly"
],
[
"continually",
"continually"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fresh"
}
],
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stale-dated"
},
{
"word": "stale drunk"
},
{
"word": "stale-grown"
},
{
"word": "stale-mouthed"
},
{
"word": "stale read"
},
{
"word": "stale-smelling"
},
{
"word": "stale-worn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"id": "clear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
},
"expansion": "Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish stel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "staler",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stalest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stale (comparative staler, superlative stalest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "go stale"
},
{
"word": "stale drunk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Alcoholic beverages"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1637, John Taylor, The Famovs Historie of the most part of Drinks, in use now in the Kingdomes of Great Brittaine and Ireland:",
"text": "The stronger Beere is divided into two parts (viz.) mild and stale; the first may ease a man of a drought, but the later is like water cast into a Smiths forge, and breeds more heartburning, and as rust eates into Iron, so overstale Beere gnawes auletholes in the entrales, or else my skill failes, and what I have written of it is to be held as a jest.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1826, A Practical Man, The Vintner's, Brewer's, Spirit Merchant's, and Licensed Victualler's Guide, page 243:",
"text": "Particular care must be taken that the stale beer in which the isinglass is dissolved be perfectly clear and stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1829, David Booth, The Art of Brewing, page 52:",
"text": "Is not that hard or stale beer mixed to give the porter the appearance of age at once, which formerly was allowed to be matured by time?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong."
],
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"Clear",
"clear"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, obsolete) Clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1530, John Palsgrave, L'éclaircissement de la langue française, 325 2:",
"text": "Stale as breed or drinke is, rassis. Stale as meate is that begynneth to savoure, viel.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1550, Wyll of Deuill, C 2 b",
"text": "New freshe blood to ouersprinkle their stale mete that it may seme...newly kylled."
},
{
"ref": "2012, Stephen Woodworth, In Golden Blood: Number 3 in series:",
"text": "To her surprise, Abe did not come to collect her for the usual morning inhabitation session with Azure. She did not see him until almost noon, when he personally delivered lunch to her tent. Another stale roll and cup of water sat on the tray he carried. Abe hung his head, as abashed as Honorato had been. “This is all I could sneak in for now. I'll try to get more later.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer fresh, in reference to food, urine, straw, wounds, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"No longer",
"no longer"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1562, Proverbs & Epigrams, J. Heywood, published 1867, section 95:",
"text": "Better is...be it new or stale, A harmelesse lie, than a harmefull true tale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1579, in G. Harvey, letter book, 60",
"text": "Doist thou smyle to reade this stale and beggarlye stuffe."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 133:",
"text": "How wary, stale, flat, and vnprofitable Seeme to me all the vses of this world?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822 March, Charles Lamb, London Magazine, 284 1:",
"text": "A two-days-old newspaper. You resent the stale thing as an affront.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Mark Lawson, And They Rose Up: Days of Retribution:",
"text": "Rick would comment on the fact that he'd never had such bad coffee, not even the mud at his precinct. Mark would tell him to quit with the stale joke, already",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer fresh, new, or interesting, in reference to ideas and immaterial things; clichéd, hackneyed, dated."
],
"links": [
[
"new",
"new"
],
[
"interesting",
"interesting"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"immaterial",
"immaterial"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"clichéd",
"clichéd"
],
[
"hackneyed",
"hackneyed"
],
[
"dated",
"dated"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1580, J. Jeffere, Bugbears, I ii 108:",
"text": "Rosimunda...hathe an vncle a stale batcheler.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1742, T. Short, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 42 226:",
"text": "In barren Women, and stale Maids, Tapping should be very cautiously undertaken.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"No longer nubile or suitable for marriage, in reference to people; past one's prime."
],
"links": [
[
"nubile",
"nubile"
],
[
"suitable",
"suitable"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"prime",
"prime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) No longer nubile or suitable for marriage, in reference to people; past one's prime."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, David L. Hough, Street Strategies for Motorcyclists:",
"text": "In most states, you can be ticketed for failing to clear the intersection, even if you are hemmed in by traffic. One good clue to a stale green light is the pedestrian signal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not new or recent; having been in place or in effect for some time."
],
"links": [
[
"new",
"new"
],
[
"recent",
"recent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) Not new or recent; having been in place or in effect for some time."
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1764, Museum Rusticum, II 306:",
"text": "Lime would do very little or no good on stale ploughed lands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fallow, in reference to land."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"Fallow",
"fallow"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture, obsolete) Fallow, in reference to land."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a stale affidavit",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a stale demand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1769, William Blackstone, Common Laws of England, IV xv 211:",
"text": "The jury will rarely give credit to a stale complaint.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Unreasonably",
"unreasonably"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"coming",
"coming"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Unreasonably long in coming, in reference to claims and actions."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856, “Stonehenge”, in Manual of British Rural Sports, II i vi §7 335:",
"text": "By this means the [horse's] legs are not made more stale than necessary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885 May 28, Truth, 853 2:",
"text": "Dame Agnes will probably be stale after her exertions in the Derby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Worn out, particularly due to age or over-exertion, in reference to athletes and animals in competition."
],
"links": [
[
"Worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"due",
"due"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"over-",
"over-"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"athlete",
"athlete"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Finance"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901, Business Terms & Phrases, second edition, 199:",
"text": "Stale cheque,...a cheque which has remained unpaid for some considerable time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks."
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"Out of date",
"out of date"
],
[
"unpaid",
"unpaid"
],
[
"unreasonable",
"unreasonable"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"check",
"check"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) Out of date, unpaid for an unreasonable amount of time, particularly in reference to checks."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Computing"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The bug was found to be caused by stale data in the cache.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of data: out of date; not synchronized with the newest copy."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"data",
"data"
],
[
"out of date",
"out of date"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) Of data: out of date; not synchronized with the newest copy."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hackneyed"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bajat"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bajat",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "баят"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ranci"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "florit"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chénfǔ",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "陳腐 /陈腐"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "oud"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "oudbakken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "vervallen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "brak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "air",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "muf"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"topics": [
"beer",
"beverages",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "verschaald"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "malfreŝa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "väljähtänyt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ummehtunut"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "vanhentunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rassis"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reseso"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "resésego"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "falmaguento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "manido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "pasado"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "choco"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "abgestanden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "schal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "of bread",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "altbacken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "fade"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bagiátikos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "μπαγιάτικος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stásimos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "στάσιμος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "héōlos",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ἕωλος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "állott"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "áporodott"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "poshadt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "staðinn"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "basi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"note": "of bread",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "raffermo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ammuffito"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "avariato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rancido"
},
{
"alt": "ふるい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furui",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "古い"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cah",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ចាស់"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"note": "of food",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "basi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "raccourchi"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "mouaîsi"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ealdbacen"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bayât",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "بیات"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "czerstwy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of air and water)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "parado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "estagnado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of food)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rançoso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"english": "(of bread)",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "seco"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "velho"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nesvéžij",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "несве́жий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čórstvyj",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "чёрствый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zátxlyj",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "за́тхлый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "bread",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "revenido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"topics": [
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "pasado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "rancio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "air",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "viciado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "alaste"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "correoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "endurecido"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "avslagen"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "däven"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pācina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "పాచిన"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vāḍina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "వాడిన"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vaḍalina",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "వడలిన"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bốt"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "mên bốt"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "bút"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "thiu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"word": "ôi"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avancî"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "having lost its freshness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suri"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "bajat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "banalen",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "банален"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "gastat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "passat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ouderwets"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "väljähtänyt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "tympeä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "kulunut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vieilli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "périmé"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caduc"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suranné"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "démodé"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "veraltet"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ausgelutscht"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xeperasménos",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ξεπερασμένος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éolos",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "έωλος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "elcsépelt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "ósdi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "obsoleto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "sorpassato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "vecchio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "superato"
},
{
"alt": "ちんぷな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chinpu-na",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "陳腐な"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "estagnado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbítyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "изби́тый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "banálʹnyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "бана́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "about joke or news",
"roman": "borodátyj",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "борода́тый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "manido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "anquilosado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "trillado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manoseado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gastado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "periclitado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "passé"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "bayat"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aviyi"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forpassé"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "ki l' tins a forcrexhou (periphrase)",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "no longer new or interesting",
"word": "foû môde"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"id": "clear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
},
"expansion": "Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish stel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874, Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, II iii 39:",
"text": "I went to Riggs's batty-cake shop, and asked 'em for a penneth of the cheapest and nicest stales, that were all but blue-mouldy, but not quite.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, George Orwell, Road to Wigan Pier, I i 15:",
"text": "Frayed-looking sweet-cakes...bought as ‘stales’ from the baker.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something stale; a loaf of bread or the like that is no longer fresh."
],
"links": [
[
"Something",
"something"
],
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"no",
"no"
],
[
"longer",
"longer"
],
[
"fresh",
"fresh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Something stale; a loaf of bread or the like that is no longer fresh."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coscurro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mendrugo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sequete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rosigón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zatico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chusco"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antistaling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale",
"id": "clear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estale",
"4": "",
"5": "settled, clear"
},
"expansion": "Old French estale (“settled, clear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "stel"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish stel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estale (“settled, clear”), but probably originally from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): compare West Flemish stel in the same sense for ‘beer’ and ‘urine’.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (third-person singular simple present stales, present participle staling, simple past and past participle staled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1:",
"text": "Stalyn, or make stale drynke, defeco.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1826, Art of Brewing, second edition, 106:",
"text": "A stock of old porter should be kept, sufficient for staling the consumption of twelve months.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stale; to age in order to clear and strengthen (a drink, especially beer)."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of alcohol, obsolete, transitive) To make stale; to age in order to clear and strengthen (a drink, especially beer)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of alcohol"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, Ben Jonson, Fountaine of Self-love, section 36:",
"text": "Ile goe tell all the Argument of his Play aforehand, and so stale his Inuention to the Auditory before it come foorth.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv:",
"text": "Not content To stale himselfe in all societies, He makes my house as common as a Mart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], line 241:",
"text": "Age cannot wither her, nor custome stale Her infinite variety.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1863, W. W. Story, Roba di Roma, I i 7:",
"text": "Pictures and statues have been staled by copy and description.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stale; to cause to go out of fashion or currency; to diminish the novelty or interest of, particularly by excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"out of fashion",
"out of fashion"
],
[
"currency",
"currency"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"novelty",
"novelty"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make stale; to cause to go out of fashion or currency; to diminish the novelty or interest of, particularly by excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, E. Erskine, Serm. in Wks., 50 1:",
"text": "They have got so much of Christ as to be staled of his company.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1893, “Q”, in Delectable Duchy, section 325:",
"text": "Philanthropy was beginning to stale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Stephen King, The Moving Finger:",
"text": "Vi's penchant for puns had struck him as cute when he first met her, but it had staled somewhat over the years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stale; to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"odious",
"odious"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"exposure",
"exposure"
],
[
"consumption",
"consumption"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become stale; to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Alcoholic beverages"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, W. Ellis, London & Country Brewer, 4th edition, I 64:",
"text": "The Drink from that Time flattens and stales.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become stale; to grow unpleasant from age."
],
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"age",
"age"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, intransitive) To become stale; to grow unpleasant from age."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to diminish the interest of by excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "kyllästyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "kyllästyä"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "katuu",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "катуу"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čerstvetʹ",
"sense": "to grow odious from excessive exposure or consumption",
"word": "черстветь"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of alcohol: to grow unpleasant from age",
"word": "mennä pilalle"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stel-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle, shaft, stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stalu"
},
"expansion": "Old English stalu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stalō",
"4": "*stal-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stal-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stell"
},
"expansion": "English stell",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "steal"
},
"expansion": "English steal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stele"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stela"
},
"expansion": "Old English stela",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stelaną",
"4": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στελεός",
"t": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stele"
},
"expansion": "English stele",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old English stalu, from Proto-Germanic *stal-; compare English stell from this root. The development was paralleled by the ablaut which became English steal, from Middle English stele, from Old English stela, from Proto-Germanic *stel-. Both are from the same Proto-Indo-European root *stel-, *stol- (“to place, establish”), whence also Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”). See also English stele.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stalk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, W. Ellis, London & Country Brewer, 4th edition, I 61:",
"text": "In Case your Cask is a Butt,...have ready boiling...Water, which put in, and, with a long Stale and a little Birch fastened to its End, scrub the Bottom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1890 February 4, Manchester Guardian, 12 3:",
"text": "You came to me with the axe head in one hand and the stale in the other.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"rake",
"rake"
],
[
"axe",
"axe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, W. D. Parish et al., Kentish Dial.:",
"text": "Stales, the staves, or risings of a ladder, or the staves of a rack in a stable.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, T. E. Smith, The Nova Scotia Fruit Grower, page 72:",
"text": "Fruit ladders should be provided beforehand. They differ from the ordinary ladder by having the bottom rungs a little longer and the top of the side stales meeting together so is to rest in the fork of a limb.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Research Paper - Issues 141-155, page 7:",
"text": "The zigzag determines the order of the currents from [1] which occur on the stales of the ladder and their relation with the currents from [0] which occur on the rungs and ringles between them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the posts or uprights of a ladder."
],
"links": [
[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"upright",
"upright"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) One of the posts or uprights of a ladder."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1792, Thomas Paine, A Rod in Brine, or a tickler for T. Paine, page 16:",
"text": "To begin then: not long before this paragraph was written, P fell into doze, and dreamt, he saw Jacob's ladder with one foot standing on the earth, the other reaching up into heaven. Dukes, Marquisses, and other Peers, fancy represented to him, as standing on the upper stales; on the middle ones, Knights and Baronets, and under them, a train of Esquires and Gentlemen, reaching to the bottom.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1834, Joseph Adshead, A Circumstantial Narrative of the Wreck of the Rothsay, page 236:",
"text": "Mr. Marsden managed, by dint of swimming, to come in contact with the form, to which hemself and friend had previously fixed the cord and thrown overboard; but this, from its shape, would have proved, in all probability, but a doubtful means of escape, had he not, after a time, fallen in with a small ladder, which he affixed with the cord to the form, placing his leg between the stales, and resting his body, sometimes at full length, when the breakers had fallen on the form.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Archaeologia Cantiana - Volume 30, page 173:",
"text": "The rental of the lands remained at these figures for many years, and the following extracts are examples of the payments made:— A.D. 1686, Utt, pᵈ Thomas Rassel for a load of lime delivered to Smalhith Chappell 01₤ 11s. 0d. Itt . for a quire of paper 00₤ 00s. 06d. Itt . for a ladder for the use of the Chappel 33 stales long , at 2ᵈ yᵉ stale 00₤ 05s. 6d.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Barney Edward Daley, Tobacco Parish: A Collection of South Windsor's Memories:",
"text": "Ash was used for stales (ladder rungs).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Matthew Engel, Engel's England: Thirty-nine counties, one capital and one man:",
"text": "As a young man Mike Austen, a retired farmer now working as a guide at Brogdale, used to climb up a ladder with sixty 'stales', or rungs – eight inches between each of them – to pick the cherries in his father's orchard with a basket tied to either his waist or the ladder.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the rungs on a ladder."
],
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, obsolete) The stem of a plant."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1553, Q. Curtius Rufus, translated by J. Brende, Hist., section IX:",
"text": "The Surgians cut of the stale of that shaft in suche wise, that they moued not the heade that was wythin the fleshe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1611, Homer, translated by G. Chapman, Iliad, IV 173:",
"text": "...seeing th'arrowes stale without.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shaft of an arrow, spear, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
],
[
"spear",
"spear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "botanical, preferred",
"word": "stele"
},
{
"word": "steal"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "stele"
},
{
"word": "steel"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "stail"
},
{
"english": "grip of tools, generally",
"word": "handle"
},
{
"english": "grip of tools, generally, and especially of axes",
"word": "haft"
},
{
"english": "grip of tools, generally",
"word": "helve"
},
{
"english": "body of arrows, spears",
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"word": "shaft"
},
{
"word": "snath"
},
{
"word": "the shaft of a scythe"
},
{
"english": "plants",
"word": "stem"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "long, thin handle",
"word": "varsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "archery: shaft of an arrow",
"word": "varsi"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stel-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle, shaft, stem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stalu"
},
"expansion": "Old English stalu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stal-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stell"
},
"expansion": "English stell",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "steal"
},
"expansion": "English steal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stele"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stela"
},
"expansion": "Old English stela",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stelaną",
"4": "*stel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στελεός",
"t": "handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stele"
},
"expansion": "English stele",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old English stalu, from Proto-Germanic *stal-; compare English stell from this root. The development was paralleled by the ablaut which became English steal, from Middle English stele, from Old English stela, from Proto-Germanic *stel-. Both are from the same Proto-Indo-European root *stel-, *stol- (“to place, establish”), whence also Ancient Greek στελεός (steleós, “handle”). See also English stele.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "staled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (third-person singular simple present stales, present participle staling, simple past and past participle staled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1492, Archæol. Cant., XVI 304:",
"text": "For stalyng of the ladders of the Churche xx d.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ladder by joining rungs (\"stales\") between the posts."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"ladder",
"ladder"
],
[
"join",
"join"
],
[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To make a ladder by joining rungs (\"stales\") between the posts."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "stāl"
},
{
"ipa": "/steɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stale.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stale.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hold one's stale"
},
{
"word": "in stale"
},
{
"word": "flying stale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estal",
"4": "",
"5": "place, something placed"
},
"expansion": "Old French estal (“place, something placed”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "étal"
},
"expansion": "French étal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "",
"4": "stal"
},
"expansion": "Frankish stal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stallaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stale, from Old French estal (“place, something placed”) (compare French étal), from Frankish stal, from Proto-Germanic *stallaz, earlier *staþlaz. Related to stall and stand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1550, Edward Halle, The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke:",
"text": "Wherefore they had a great avauntage, but in coclusion thie french menne were slayne, and their horses taken, and so the lyght horsement came wyth their catail, nere to the embushment, and the frenchimen folowed, that seyng the englyshmen that kept the stale, came in al hast & rescued their light horsemen, and draue the frenchemen backe, & then made returne to their beastes",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808, Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, page 580:",
"text": "All these in great hast came to Newnam bridge, where they found other Englishmen that had woone the bridge of the Frenchmen, and so all togither set foward to assaile the Frenchmen that kept the stale, and tarie till the residue of their companie which were gone a forraging vnto Calis walles were come: for the other that had spoiled the marishes were returned with a great bootie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Stopford Kenny, Practical Chess Exercises, page 205:",
"text": "You cannot take the queen without giving a stale, therefore you lose the game.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"battle-line",
"battle-line"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, obsolete) A fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Chess"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis Bacon, Essays, section 65:",
"text": "They stand at a stay; Like a Stale at Chesse, where it is no Mate, but yet the Game cannot stirre.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
],
[
"game",
"game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, uncommon) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
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"uncommon"
],
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"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
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"English terms with obsolete senses",
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
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],
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{
"ref": "1513, Virgil, translated by G. Douglas, Æneid, XI x 96:",
"text": "It is a stelling place and sovir harbry, Quhar ost in staill or embuschment may ly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1577, R. Holinshed, Chron, II 1479 2:",
"text": "The erle of Essex...with .ii. C. speares was layde in a stale, if the Frenchmen had come neerer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ambush."
],
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[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ambush",
"ambush"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, obsolete) An ambush."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
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"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1540, H. Boece, translated by J. Bellenden, Hyst. & Cron. Scotl., XII xvi 184:",
"text": "The staill past throw the wod with sic noyis...yat all the bestis wer rasit fra thair dennys.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1577, R. Holinshed, Hist. Scotl., 471 2 in Chron., I",
"text": "The Lard of Drunlanrig lying al thys while in ambush...forbare to breake out to gyue anye charge vppon his enimies, doubting least the Earle of Lennox hadde kept a stale behynde."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band of armed men or hunters."
],
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"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
],
[
"men",
"men"
],
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]
],
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"(obsolete) A band of armed men or hunters."
],
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"obsolete"
]
},
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"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
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"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1532, State Papers Henry VIII, published 1836, IV 626:",
"text": "Neveryeles I knaw asweill by Englisemen as Scottishmen that their stale was no les then thre thowsand men.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The main force of an army."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"main",
"main"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"army",
"army"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, military, obsolete) The main force of an army."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
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]
}
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{
"ref": "c. 1470, Ashmolean MS 344, 21",
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}
],
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"At a standstill; stalemated."
],
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"ref": "c. 1470, Ashmole MS 344, 7",
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},
{
"ref": "1903, H. J. R. Murray, Brit. Chess. Mag., section 283:",
"text": "In China, however, a player who stales his opponent's King, wins the game.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stalemate."
],
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, uncommon, transitive) To stalemate."
],
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],
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},
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{
"ref": "1597, A. Montgomerie, Cherrie & Slae, section 202:",
"text": "For vnder cuire I got sik check, that I micht neither muife nor neck, bot ather stale or mait.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be stalemated."
],
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"chess",
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],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess, obsolete, intransitive) To be stalemated."
],
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],
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}
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"ref": "1535, the Bible, translated by Miles Coverdale, Isaiah, XXXVI.100:",
"text": "[…]That they be not compelled to eate their owne donge, and drinke their owne stale with you?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1548, Robert Record, Vrinal of Physick, XI.89:",
"text": "The stale of Camels and Goats[…]is good for them that have the dropsie.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1583, B. Melbancke, Philotimus:",
"text": "Or annoint thy selfe with the stale of a mule.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 48, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Those of Crotta being hardly besieged by Metellus, were reduced to so hard a pinch, and strait necessitie of all manner of other beverage, that they were forced to drinke the stale or urine of their horses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 62:",
"text": "Thou did'st drinke The stale of Horses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1698, J. Fryer, New Acct. E.-India & Persia, page 242:",
"text": "Mice and Weasels by their poysonous Stale infect the Trees so, that they produce Worms.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1733, W. Ellis, Chiltern & Vale Farming, page 122:",
"text": "Sheep, whose Dung and Stale is of most Virtue in the Nourishment of all Trees.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"ref": "15th century, Lawis Gild, X in Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland, 68",
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},
{
"ref": "1530, John Palsgrave, L'éclaircissement de la langue française, 732 1:",
"text": "Tary a whyle, your hors wyll staale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmew Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 8:",
"text": "Why a pox o' your boxe, once againe: let your little wife stale in it, and she will.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1663, T. Killigrew, Parson's Wedding, I iii:",
"text": "I wonder [the knight's son] doth not go on all four too, and hold up his Leg when he stales.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1903, Rudyard Kipling, Five Nations, section 150:",
"text": "Cattle-dung where fuel failed; Water where the mules had staled; And sackcloth for their raiment.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1920, Aleister Crowley, Leigh Sublime:",
"text": "You stale like a mare\nAnd fart as you stale",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin, published 2013, page 35:",
"text": "A mile or two before we got to the meet he stopped at an inn, where he put our horses into the stable for twenty minutes, ‘to give them a chance to stale’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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},
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"ref": "1577, Raphael Holinshed, “The Historie of England, from the Time that It Was First Inhabited, Vntill the Time that It Was Last Conquered”, in Chronicles, 79 2:",
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"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "1579, J. Stubbs, Discouerie Gaping Gulf:",
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},
{
"ref": "1615, George Sandys, A Relation of a Iourney begun An: Dom: 1610, I 66:",
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{
"ref": "1670, J. Eachard, Grounds Contempt of Clergy, section 88:",
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}
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"ref": "1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, section III:",
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"ref": "1633, S. Marmion, Fine Compan., III iv:",
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"ref": "1578, J. Lyly, Euphues, section 33:",
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"ref": "1588, T. Hughes, Misfortunes Arthur, I ii 3:",
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"ref": "1611, T. Middleton et al., Roaring Girle:",
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"ref": "c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 100:",
"text": "But, too vnruly Deere, he breakes the pale And feedes from home; poore I am but his stale.",
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{
"ref": "c. 1619–1623, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Little French Lawyer”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv:",
"text": "This comes of rutting: Are we made stales to one another?",
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"text": "Had he none else to make a stale but me?",
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"ref": "1614, W. Raleigh, Hist. World, I iv iii §19 239:",
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"text": "Spare not to tell him, that he hath wronged his honor in marrying the renowned Claudio...to a contaminated stale.",
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"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English hapax legomena",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th c., Stockh. Medical MS. in Anglia XVIII.299",
"text": "In werd ben men & women[…]þat þer stale mown not holde.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"urine"
],
"links": [
[
"urine",
"urine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Middle English, hapax) urine"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stal/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"Middle English adjectives",
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{
"args": {
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"5": "theft"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stalō"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stalu (“theft”), from Proto-Germanic *stalō.",
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{
"form": "stales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stale (plural stales)",
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],
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{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
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{
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite, section 9:",
"text": "Ine þise heste is vorbode roberie, þiefþe, stale, and gavel.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"theft; the act of stealing"
],
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[
"theft",
"theft"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"stealing",
"stealing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1240, “Sawles Warde”, in Cott. Hom., section 249:",
"text": "Hire wune is to cumen bi stale...hwen me least cweneð.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"stealth (used in the phrase bi stale)"
],
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[
"stealth",
"stealth"
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[
"used",
"used"
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[
"phrase",
"phrase"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
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{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "stala"
}
],
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}
{
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{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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}
],
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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],
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{
"form": "stales",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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{
"word": "stele"
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"An upright of a ladder."
],
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[
"upright",
"upright"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rung in a ladder; tier."
],
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[
"rung",
"rung"
],
[
"tier",
"tier"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1315, Shoreham Poems, I 49:",
"text": "Þis ilke laddre is charite, Þe stales gode þeawis.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"The posts and rungs composing a ladder."
],
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[
"post",
"post"
],
[
"rung",
"rung"
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[
"composing",
"composing"
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[
"ladder",
"ladder"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Ansae et ansulae alicuius rei sunt illa eminentia in illa re per quam capi possit .i. ‘stale’.",
"text": "12th century, Sidonius Glosses in Anecd. Oxon., I v 59 22",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And lerede men a ladel bygge with a long stale.",
"text": "c. 1393, Langland, Piers Plowman (Vesp. MS), C xxii 279",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"A long, thin handle (of rakes, axes, etc.)"
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
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[
"handle",
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[
"rake",
"rake"
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[
"axe",
"axe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A shoot of a plant."
],
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[
"shoot",
"shoot"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
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],
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"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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}
],
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stallaz"
},
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}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
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{
"categories": [
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "And at pavelen...þe Erle of Dorzet helde is stale, and þer he toke prisoners.",
"text": "c. 1450, in C. L. Kingsford, Chrons. London (1905), 123",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, V xi 179:",
"text": "And syr Florence with his C knyghtes alwey kepte the stale and foughte manly.",
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}
],
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"a fixed position, particularly a soldier's in a battle-line"
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[
"fixed",
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"particularly",
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[
"soldier",
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[
"battle-line",
"battle-line"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Chess"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1423, Kingis Quair, section CLXIX:",
"text": "‘Off mate?’ quod sche...‘thou has fundin stale This mony day’.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
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[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"stalemate",
"stalemate"
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[
"game",
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"(chess) A stalemate; a stalemated game."
],
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"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1425, Wyntoun Cron., IX viii 811:",
"text": "And he in stale howyd al stil.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an ambush"
],
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[
"ambush",
"ambush"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Every time that it shall be ordered..that armed men..shall land on the enemy's coast to seek victuals... then there shall be ordained a sufficient ‘stale’ of armed men and archers who shall wait together on the land until the ‘forreiours’ return to them].\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1350, in N. H. Nicolas, Hist. Royal Navy (1847), II 491",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "14th century, Morte Arthur, 1355",
"text": "[Gawayne] sterttes owtte to hys stede, and with his stale wendes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a band of armed men or hunters"
],
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[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"armed",
"armed"
],
[
"men",
"men"
],
[
"hunter",
"hunter"
]
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/staːl/"
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],
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}
{
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"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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}
],
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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"3": "estale",
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"5": "pigeon used to lure hawks"
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{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
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],
"etymology_text": "Probably from uncommon Anglo-Norman estale (“pigeon used to lure hawks”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic, probably *standaną (“to stand”).",
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{
"args": {
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"categories": [
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{
"ref": "c. 1440, Promp. Parv., 472 1:",
"text": "Stale, of fowlynge or byrdys takynge, stacionaria.",
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}
],
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"A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
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"bird",
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"lure",
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"kind",
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],
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"(falconry, hunting) A live bird to lure birds of prey or others of its kind into a trap"
],
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"falconry",
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"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
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],
"word": "stale"
}
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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],
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{
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Alcoholic beverages"
],
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Bi forn þe king abenche Red win to schenche And after mete stale Boþe win and ale.",
"text": "c. 1300, K. Horn (Laud), 383",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Sir Thopas, section 52:",
"text": "Notemuge to putte in ale, Whether it be moyste or stale",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
],
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[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
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[
"clear",
"clear"
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[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"dreg",
"dreg"
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[
"lee",
"lee"
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[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages) clear, free of dregs and lees; old and strong"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_text": "From stale (“stalemate”) or stalen (“to stalemate”).",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "stale",
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],
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
"Middle English hapax legomena"
],
"glosses": [
"Stalemated in chess."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) Stalemated in chess."
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstaːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stale",
"id": "adverb"
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"expansion": "Polish: stale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: stale"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: stale",
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}
],
"text": "Silesian: stale"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "1484"
},
"expansion": "1484",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "1484"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1484",
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],
"etymology_text": "From stały + -e. First attested in 1484.",
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{
"args": {},
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],
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],
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"text": "Chcze, aby ony tho yego synovye, thą tho vyarą zsthalye vyznavaly a mocznye trzymaly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"always, persistently"
],
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[
"always",
"always"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) always, persistently"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stalʲɛ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/stalʲɛ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
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"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -e",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adverbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/alɛ",
"Rhymes:Polish/alɛ/2 syllables"
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"3": "stale",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish stale",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish stale",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stały",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, stały + -e",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "stale"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian stale",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish stale. By surface analysis, stały + -e. Compare Kashubian stale.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stale (not comparable)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nigdy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"constantly, continually"
],
"links": [
[
"constantly",
"constantly"
],
[
"continually",
"continually"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bez ustanku"
},
{
"word": "bezustannie"
},
{
"word": "ciągle"
},
{
"word": "furt"
},
{
"word": "na okrągło"
},
{
"word": "nieprzerwanie"
},
{
"word": "nieustająco"
},
{
"word": "nieustannie"
},
{
"word": "ustawicznie"
},
{
"word": "wciąż"
},
{
"word": "wiecznie"
},
{
"word": "zawsze"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"permanently, for good"
],
"links": [
[
"permanently",
"permanently"
],
[
"for good",
"for good"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) permanently, for good"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na dobre"
},
{
"word": "na stałe"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"decidedly"
],
"links": [
[
"decidedly",
"decidedly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) decidedly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stanowczo"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish duration adverbs",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/alɛ",
"Rhymes:Polish/alɛ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "stale",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of stal"
],
"links": [
[
"stal",
"stal#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "stale"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stały",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish stały",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "stały"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish stały",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "stały",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, stały + -e",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish stały. By surface analysis, stały + -e.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stale (not comparable)",
"name": "szl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sta‧le"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/alɛ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/alɛ/2 syllables",
"Silesian adverbs",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms suffixed with -e",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian uncomparable adverbs"
],
"glosses": [
"constantly, continually"
],
"links": [
[
"constantly",
"constantly"
],
[
"continually",
"continually"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsta.lɛ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alɛ"
}
],
"word": "stale"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stale meaning in All languages combined (110.6kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Middle English, hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Late Middle English, hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"stale"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stale",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.