See should in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for should meaning in English (40.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"obligation\"",
"word": "shouldn't"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "as who should say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "children should be seen and not heard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "how should I know"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "I should coco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "I should cocoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "might should"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no one should be judge in his own cause"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one should never meet one's heroes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "or should I say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people that live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people that live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people who live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proverbs should be sold in pairs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proverbs should be writ in pairs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proverbs should come in pairs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "proverbs should go in pairs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "should-cost"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "should on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "should see the other guy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "those who live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those doing it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "what should I do"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "you shouldn't have"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "you shouldn't talk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "you should talk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zig when one should zag"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "should",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"of should"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"second-person",
"singular"
],
"word": "shouldst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "should've"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "contraction of auxiliary phrase should have",
"word": "shoulda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one should be so lucky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one should live so long"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should never drink and drive.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The law is clear that you should always wear a seat belt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The manual says that this switch should be in the 'off' position.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to issue an instruction (traditionally seen as carrying less force of authority than alternatives such as 'shall' or 'must')."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-~VwmCrkR",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to issue an instruction (traditionally seen as carrying less force of authority than alternatives such as 'shall' or 'must')."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should go and see that film. I think you'll enjoy it.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should exercise more often, but I’m too lazy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She should not have been so rude.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to give advice or opinion that an action is, or would have been, beneficial or desirable."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-Ul46mgmN",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to give advice or opinion that an action is, or would have been, beneficial or desirable."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should see his new apartment. It's like a palace!"
},
{
"text": "If you think her piano playing is bad, you should hear her sing!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"With verbs such as 'see' or 'hear', usually in the second person, used to point out something remarkable in either a good or bad way."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-d~snBH0L",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"(informal) With verbs such as 'see' or 'hear', usually in the second person, used to point out something remarkable in either a good or bad way."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What do you think? What should I do?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 August 21, Ed Pilkington, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Next month, Clemons will be brought before a court presided over by a \"special master\", who will review the case one last time. The hearing will be unprecedented in its remit, but at its core will be a simple issue: should Reggie Clemons live or die?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"In questions, asks what is correct, proper, desirable, etc."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-ZsnuqimT",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"In questions, asks what is correct, proper, desirable, etc."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 4 4 4 4 10 3 10 20 2 2 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 4 4 11 5 10 16 4 4 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They should have finished by now; I'll call them to check.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "My fruit trees should be in flower, but the cold spring has set them back.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Indicates that something is expected to have happened or to be the case now."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-xLHRE4Cp",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Indicates that something is expected to have happened or to be the case now."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They should have it finished by Friday.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "When you press this button, the pilot flame should ignite.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You should be warm enough with that coat.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Will be likely to (become or do something); indicates a degree of possibility or probability that the stated thing will happen or be true in the future."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-YgG0RAS8",
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
],
[
"likely",
"likely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Will be likely to (become or do something); indicates a degree of possibility or probability that the stated thing will happen or be true in the future."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ucito",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "উচিত"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kotha",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "কথা"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use potential mood",
"sense": "expressing likelihood"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "pitäisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dürfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "bizonyára"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "alighanem"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "feltehetőleg"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "debeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tréba",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "тре́ба"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bi trébalo",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "би тре́бало"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "powinno"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "ar trebui"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžnó bytʹ",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "должно́ быть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "скоре́е всего́ (skoréje vsevó) (most likely; lit. rather than anything)",
"sense": "expressing likelihood"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "ru",
"english": "more certainty",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búdet",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "бу́дет"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "böra"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "torde"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povynno",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "повинно"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "slid",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "слід"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 11 3 5 22 7 7 13 13 13",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dylu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 5 5 5 9 5 15 15 3 2 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 4 4 4 8 5 16 15 3 3 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If I should be late, go without me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Should you need extra blankets, you will find them in the closet.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The man demanded that he should be allowed entry.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm surprised that he should say that.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Peter Michael Higgins, Number Story: From Counting to Cryptography, page 141 (Google Books view)",
"text": "He is noted for coming up with his 'wager', in which he argued that he was prepared to believe in God on the grounds that he had nothing to lose if he was wrong, and everything to gain should he be right."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form a variant of the present subjunctive, expressing a state or action that is hypothetical, potential, mandated, etc."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-SddBl0LL",
"links": [
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive mood#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, subjunctive) Used to form a variant of the present subjunctive, expressing a state or action that is hypothetical, potential, mandated, etc."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"subjunctive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 8 2 4 2 41 10 9 9 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "véletlenül"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 8 2 4 2 41 10 9 9 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "esetleg"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 8 2 4 2 41 10 9 9 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "netán"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 5 5 5 9 5 15 15 3 2 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 4 4 4 10 3 10 20 2 2 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 4 4 11 5 10 16 4 4 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 4 4 4 8 5 16 15 3 3 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I told him that I should be busy tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past of shall"
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-gt5lOrNC",
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) simple past of shall"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"form-of",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If I had not been so tired, I should have laughed heartily.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express a conditional outcome."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-en:would",
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"(formal or literary) Used to express a conditional outcome."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I should imagine that they have arrived by now.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should think you would apologize.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should be very grateful to receive your prompt reply. (formal or old-fashioned)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We should very much like to meet her. (formal or old-fashioned)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1817, Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey",
"text": "I should like to dine with him. I dare say he gives famous dinners.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to impart a tentative, conjectural or polite nuance."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-en:would1",
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "formal or literary outside certain combinations such as with 'imagine' or 'think'",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"(formal or literary outside certain combinations such as with 'imagine' or 'think') Used to impart a tentative, conjectural or polite nuance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 5 5 5 9 5 15 15 3 2 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 4 4 4 10 3 10 20 2 2 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 4 4 11 5 10 16 4 4 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 4 4 4 8 5 16 15 3 3 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's disgraceful the way that they've treated you. I should write and complain."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-en:would1",
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"sense": "obligation",
"word": "ought"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yanbaḡī ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "يَنْبَغِي أَنْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min al-mafrūḍ ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "مِنْ اَلْمَفْرُوض أَنْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min al-muftaraḍ ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "مِنْ اَلْمُفْتَرَض أَنْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "gərək"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-məli"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-malı"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínjen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "паві́нен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínna",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "паві́нна"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínny",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "паві́нны"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kotha",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "কথা"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應該"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jing¹ goi¹",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应该"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應該"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnggāi",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应该"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應當"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīngdāng",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应当"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "該"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gāi",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "该"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "měl by"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "zou moeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "devi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "pitäisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "see devrait and other forms",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "Conditional form of devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sollte"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "müsste"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "opheílō",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ὀφείλω"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "चाहिए"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "using the verb in its imperative, a.k.a. subjunctive form",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-j"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "eiga að"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "...beki de aru",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "...べきである"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kuə",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "គួរ"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haeya handa",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "해야 한다"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "oportet"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"note": "(periphrastic gerundive with the person who should act in the dative)",
"sense": "expressing obligation"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "la",
"english": "negated i.e. should not",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "nefās est"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
],
"word": "nōn licet"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"with-subjunctive"
],
"word": "turėti"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tréba",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "тре́ба"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "patut"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powinien"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powinna"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "powinno"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ar trebui"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objázan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обя́зан"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slédujet",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "сле́дует"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "shud"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dejaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "Conditional form of deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "skola"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kuuan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ควร"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-meli, -malı"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povynen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "повинен"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "várto",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ва́рто"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "چاہئے"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "nên"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 13 13 13 6 6 7 4 8 8 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dylu"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ucito",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "উচিত"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "see devrait and other forms",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "Conditional form of devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "kéne"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "kellene"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "Conditional form of deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "bör"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 21 21 21 3 3 2 2 2 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "borde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jodi",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "যদি"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rúguǒ",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "如果"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǎngruò",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "倘若"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "mochten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "sattua (+ active 3rd infinitive in illative, jos and conditional mood)",
"sense": "if; in case of"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "si"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"tags": [
"conditional"
],
"word": "ha …… -na/-ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "́ako",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "́ако"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dókolku",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "до́колку"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "se"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "caso"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jésli",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "е́сли"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jéželi",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "е́жели"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "si"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "om"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 5 5 14 9 18 20 1 0 18",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "os"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shoulds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "should (plural shoulds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 5 5 5 9 5 15 15 3 2 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 4 4 4 10 3 10 20 2 2 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 4 4 4 11 5 10 16 4 4 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 4 4 4 8 5 16 15 3 3 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Fred Shoemaker, Extraordinary Golf: The Art of the Possible, page 88",
"text": "When the golf ball is there, the whole self-interference package — the hopes, worries, and fears; the thoughts on how-to and how-not-to; the woulds, the coulds, and the shoulds — is there too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Robert L. Leahy, Overcoming Resistance in Cognitive Therapy",
"text": "However, we can address maladaptive shoulds by examining the differences between prior events, causes, proximate causes, and moral responsibility.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Working Mother, volume 31, number 8, page 20",
"text": "Being a list-o-maniac, I suggested we make a list of the \"shoulds\" and \"shouldn'ts.\" So in the darkness of hazy sleep, I began to mentally prepare mine. The first item on the \"should\" side was easy: a sibling for our 3-year-old daughter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that ought to be the case as opposed to already being the case."
],
"id": "en-should-en-noun-2daMbr8A"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shoulds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "should (third-person singular simple present shoulds, present participle shoulding, simple past and past participle shoulded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make a statement of what ought to be true, as opposed to reality."
],
"id": "en-should-en-verb-0mB3bcny",
"related": [
{
"word": "precatory"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"obligation\"",
"word": "shouldn't"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English auxiliary verb forms",
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "as who should say"
},
{
"word": "children should be seen and not heard"
},
{
"word": "he who sups with the devil should have a long spoon"
},
{
"word": "how should I know"
},
{
"word": "I should coco"
},
{
"word": "I should cocoa"
},
{
"word": "might should"
},
{
"word": "no one should be judge in his own cause"
},
{
"word": "one should never meet one's heroes"
},
{
"word": "or should I say"
},
{
"word": "people that live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"word": "people that live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"word": "people who live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"word": "people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"word": "proverbs should be sold in pairs"
},
{
"word": "proverbs should be writ in pairs"
},
{
"word": "proverbs should come in pairs"
},
{
"word": "proverbs should go in pairs"
},
{
"word": "should-cost"
},
{
"word": "should on"
},
{
"word": "should see the other guy"
},
{
"word": "those who live in glass houses should not throw stones"
},
{
"word": "those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones"
},
{
"word": "those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those doing it"
},
{
"word": "what should I do"
},
{
"word": "you shouldn't have"
},
{
"word": "you shouldn't talk"
},
{
"word": "you should talk"
},
{
"word": "zig when one should zag"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "should",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"of should"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"second-person",
"singular"
],
"word": "shouldst"
},
{
"word": "should've"
},
{
"english": "contraction of auxiliary phrase should have",
"word": "shoulda"
},
{
"word": "one should be so lucky"
},
{
"word": "one should live so long"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should never drink and drive.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The law is clear that you should always wear a seat belt.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The manual says that this switch should be in the 'off' position.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to issue an instruction (traditionally seen as carrying less force of authority than alternatives such as 'shall' or 'must')."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to issue an instruction (traditionally seen as carrying less force of authority than alternatives such as 'shall' or 'must')."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should go and see that film. I think you'll enjoy it.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should exercise more often, but I’m too lazy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She should not have been so rude.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to give advice or opinion that an action is, or would have been, beneficial or desirable."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"Used to give advice or opinion that an action is, or would have been, beneficial or desirable."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English informal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should see his new apartment. It's like a palace!"
},
{
"text": "If you think her piano playing is bad, you should hear her sing!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"With verbs such as 'see' or 'hear', usually in the second person, used to point out something remarkable in either a good or bad way."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"(informal) With verbs such as 'see' or 'hear', usually in the second person, used to point out something remarkable in either a good or bad way."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What do you think? What should I do?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 August 21, Ed Pilkington, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Next month, Clemons will be brought before a court presided over by a \"special master\", who will review the case one last time. The hearing will be unprecedented in its remit, but at its core will be a simple issue: should Reggie Clemons live or die?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"In questions, asks what is correct, proper, desirable, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; indicating opinion, advice, or instruction, about what is required or desirable.",
"In questions, asks what is correct, proper, desirable, etc."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They should have finished by now; I'll call them to check.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "My fruit trees should be in flower, but the cold spring has set them back.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Indicates that something is expected to have happened or to be the case now."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Indicates that something is expected to have happened or to be the case now."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They should have it finished by Friday.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "When you press this button, the pilot flame should ignite.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You should be warm enough with that coat.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Will be likely to (become or do something); indicates a degree of possibility or probability that the stated thing will happen or be true in the future."
],
"links": [
[
"Ought",
"ought"
],
[
"likely",
"likely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.",
"Will be likely to (become or do something); indicates a degree of possibility or probability that the stated thing will happen or be true in the future."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If I should be late, go without me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Should you need extra blankets, you will find them in the closet.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The man demanded that he should be allowed entry.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I'm surprised that he should say that.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Peter Michael Higgins, Number Story: From Counting to Cryptography, page 141 (Google Books view)",
"text": "He is noted for coming up with his 'wager', in which he argued that he was prepared to believe in God on the grounds that he had nothing to lose if he was wrong, and everything to gain should he be right."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form a variant of the present subjunctive, expressing a state or action that is hypothetical, potential, mandated, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive mood#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, subjunctive) Used to form a variant of the present subjunctive, expressing a state or action that is hypothetical, potential, mandated, etc."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I told him that I should be busy tomorrow.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "shall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past of shall"
],
"links": [
[
"shall",
"shall#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) simple past of shall"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"form-of",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English formal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If I had not been so tired, I should have laughed heartily.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express a conditional outcome."
],
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"(formal or literary) Used to express a conditional outcome."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English formal terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I should imagine that they have arrived by now.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should think you would apologize.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I should be very grateful to receive your prompt reply. (formal or old-fashioned)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We should very much like to meet her. (formal or old-fashioned)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1817, Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey",
"text": "I should like to dine with him. I dare say he gives famous dinners.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to impart a tentative, conjectural or polite nuance."
],
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "formal or literary outside certain combinations such as with 'imagine' or 'think'",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"(formal or literary outside certain combinations such as with 'imagine' or 'think') Used to impart a tentative, conjectural or polite nuance."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's disgraceful the way that they've treated you. I should write and complain."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation."
],
"links": [
[
"would",
"would#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) An alternative to would with first person subjects.",
"Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation."
],
"senseid": [
"en:would"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "obligation",
"word": "ought"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yanbaḡī ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "يَنْبَغِي أَنْ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min al-mafrūḍ ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "مِنْ اَلْمَفْرُوض أَنْ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "min al-muftaraḍ ʔan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "مِنْ اَلْمُفْتَرَض أَنْ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "gərək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-məli"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-malı"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínjen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "паві́нен"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínna",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "паві́нна"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pavínny",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "паві́нны"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kotha",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "কথা"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應該"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "jing¹ goi¹",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应该"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應該"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnggāi",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应该"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "應當"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīngdāng",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "应当"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "該"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gāi",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "该"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "měl by"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "zou moeten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "devi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "pitäisi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "see devrait and other forms",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "Conditional form of devoir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sollte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "müsste"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "opheílō",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ὀφείλω"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "चाहिए"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "using the verb in its imperative, a.k.a. subjunctive form",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-j"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "eiga að"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "...beki de aru",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "...べきである"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kuə",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "គួរ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haeya handa",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "해야 한다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "oportet"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"note": "(periphrastic gerundive with the person who should act in the dative)",
"sense": "expressing obligation"
},
{
"code": "la",
"english": "negated i.e. should not",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "nefās est"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"participle",
"past"
],
"word": "nōn licet"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"with-subjunctive"
],
"word": "turėti"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tréba",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "тре́ба"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "patut"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "powinien"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powinna"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "powinno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ar trebui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objázan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обя́зан"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slédujet",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
],
"word": "сле́дует"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "shud"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dejaś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "Conditional form of deber"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "skola"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kuuan",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ควร"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "-meli, -malı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povynen",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "повинен"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "várto",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "ва́рто"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "چاہئے"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "nên"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "expressing obligation",
"word": "dylu"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ucito",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "উচিত"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "see devrait and other forms",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "Conditional form of devoir"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "kéne"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "kellene"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "Conditional form of deber"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "bör"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing opinion",
"word": "borde"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ucito",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "উচিত"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kotha",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "কথা"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "use potential mood",
"sense": "expressing likelihood"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "pitäisi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dürfen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "bizonyára"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "alighanem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "feltehetőleg"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "debeo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tréba",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "тре́ба"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bi trébalo",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "би тре́бало"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "burde"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "powinno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "ar trebui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžnó bytʹ",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "должно́ быть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "скоре́е всего́ (skoréje vsevó) (most likely; lit. rather than anything)",
"sense": "expressing likelihood"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "more certainty",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búdet",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "бу́дет"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "böra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "torde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povynno",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "повинно"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "slid",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "слід"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "expressing likelihood",
"word": "dylu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "véletlenül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "esetleg"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "as a variant of the present subjunctive",
"word": "netán"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "jodi",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "যদি"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rúguǒ",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "如果"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǎngruò",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "倘若"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "mochten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "sattua (+ active 3rd infinitive in illative, jos and conditional mood)",
"sense": "if; in case of"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "si"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"tags": [
"conditional"
],
"word": "ha …… -na/-ne"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "́ako",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "́ако"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dókolku",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "до́колку"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "se"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "caso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jésli",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "е́сли"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jéželi",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "е́жели"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "si"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "om"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "if; in case of",
"word": "os"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English auxiliary verb forms",
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shoulds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "should (plural shoulds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Fred Shoemaker, Extraordinary Golf: The Art of the Possible, page 88",
"text": "When the golf ball is there, the whole self-interference package — the hopes, worries, and fears; the thoughts on how-to and how-not-to; the woulds, the coulds, and the shoulds — is there too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Robert L. Leahy, Overcoming Resistance in Cognitive Therapy",
"text": "However, we can address maladaptive shoulds by examining the differences between prior events, causes, proximate causes, and moral responsibility.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Working Mother, volume 31, number 8, page 20",
"text": "Being a list-o-maniac, I suggested we make a list of the \"shoulds\" and \"shouldn'ts.\" So in the darkness of hazy sleep, I began to mentally prepare mine. The first item on the \"should\" side was easy: a sibling for our 3-year-old daughter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that ought to be the case as opposed to already being the case."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English auxiliary verb forms",
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms using redundant wikisyntax",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd",
"Rhymes:English/ʊd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scholde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scholde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċolde",
"4": "",
"5": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċolde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan",
"3": "",
"4": "should,” “have to,” “to owe"
},
"expansion": "sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall"
},
"expansion": "English shall",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shall",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, shall + -ed",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen",
"3": "sollte"
},
"expansion": "German sollte",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽",
"3": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shild"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shild",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shildy"
},
"expansion": "shildy",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scholde, from Old English sċolde, first and third person preterite form of sċulan (“should,” “have to,” “to owe”), the ancestor of English shall. By surface analysis, shall + -ed. Cognate with German sollte, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (skulda). Related to Middle English shild and shildy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shoulds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shoulded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "should (third-person singular simple present shoulds, present participle shoulding, simple past and past participle shoulded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "precatory"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make a statement of what ought to be true, as opposed to reality."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊd/",
"tags": [
"stressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃəd/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊd"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃʊld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃuːld/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (stressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/En-US_should_%28stressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"stressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; stressed)"
},
{
"audio": "en-US should (unstressed).ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/En-US_should_%28unstressed%29.ogg",
"tags": [
"US",
"unstressed"
],
"text": "Audio (US; unstressed)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "shou’d"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "shoulde"
}
],
"word": "should"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.