"pith" meaning in English

See pith in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /paɪθ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation]
Rhymes: -aɪθ Etymology: From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals). Etymology templates: {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{suffix|en|pi|th|pos2=suffix forming ordinal numerals|t1=constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter}} pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} pith (not comparable)
  1. (mathematics) The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…). Tags: not-comparable Categories (topical): Mathematics, English ordinal numbers Translations (ordinal form of the number pi): pii:s (Finnish), piième (French), pi-ième (French), πième (French), π-ième (French)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-adj-yW~RSIJU Disambiguation of English ordinal numbers: 16 4 8 8 9 5 7 3 3 5 3 6 5 3 7 6 3 Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: pi-th
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /pɪθ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav [Southern-England] Forms: piths [plural]
Rhymes: -ɪθ Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”). The verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English). cognates * Dutch peen (“carrot”) * Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)) * West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”) Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|plant}} sense 1.1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|plant}} sense 1.1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|albedo}} sense 1.2, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|pith}} Middle English pith, {{m|enm|pithe|t=central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity}} pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”), {{nb...|peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{inh|en|ang|piþa}} Old English piþa, {{nb...|peoþa, piða|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{inh|en|gem-pro|*piþô}} Proto-Germanic *piþô, {{m|gem-pro|*piþō}} *piþō, {{glossary|oblique}} oblique, {{m|gem-pro|*pittan}} *pittan, {{doublet|en|pit|t1=seed or stone inside a fruit}} Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”), {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{cog|enm|pethen|t=to give courage or strength}} Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), {{m|enm|pith|pos=noun}} pith (noun), {{cog|nl|peen|t=carrot}} Dutch peen (“carrot”), {{cog|gml|peddek}} Middle Low German peddek, {{m|gml|peddik}} peddik, {{m|gml|piddek|t=bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence}} piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”), {{qualifier|the last spelling rare}} (the last spelling rare), {{cog|nds|Peddik|t=core; pulp}} Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”), {{cog|fy|piid|t=pulp, kernel}} West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} pith (usually uncountable, plural piths)
  1. (botany)
    The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.     Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Botany Synonyms: marrow [archaic], medulla Translations (soft, spongy substance inside plant parts): نُخَاع (nuḵāʕ) (Arabic), bihotz (Basque), сърцевина (sǎrcevina) [feminine] (Bulgarian), medul·la [feminine] (Catalan), medul·la vegetal [feminine] (Catalan), 髓 (suǐ) (Chinese Mandarin), dřeň [feminine] (Czech), marv [common-gender] (Danish), merg [neuter] (Dutch), medolo (Esperanto), säsi (Estonian), ydin (Finnish), moelle (French), arro [masculine] (Galician), medula [feminine] (Galician), sámago [masculine] (Galician), samo [masculine] (Galician), Mark [neuter] (German), ψίχα (psícha) [feminine] (Greek), मज्जा (majjā) [masculine] (Hindi), empulur (Indonesian), garr [masculine] (Irish), laíon (Irish), meideall (Irish), midollino [masculine] (Italian), midollo [masculine] (Italian), 髄 (zui) (alt: ずい) (Japanese), dërżéń pnia (Kashubian), 귤락 (gyullak) (Korean), libúbú (Lingala), срце́вина (srcévina) [feminine] (Macedonian), pith (Middle English), marg [masculine] (Norwegian), miękisz [masculine] (Polish), medula (Polish), medula [feminine] (Portuguese), măduvă [feminine] (Romanian), miez [masculine, neuter] (Romanian), сердцеви́на (serdcevína) [feminine] (Russian), brìgh [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), osrednji stržen [masculine] (Slovene), stržen [masculine] (Slovene), medula (Spanish), médula (Spanish), pulpa (Spanish), flädermärg [common-gender] (Swedish), märg [common-gender] (Swedish), halyas (Tagalog), ubod (Tagalog), దవ్వ (davva) (Telugu)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-en:plant Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'soft, spongy substance inside plant parts': 48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7
  2. (botany)
    The albedo (“whitish inner portion of the rind”) of a citrus fruit.     Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Botany
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-en:albedo Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms, English terms suffixed with -th Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -th: 2 4 9 8 10 7 9 6 3 7 3 5 6 3 7 6 4 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences
  3. (by extension)
    Senses relating to humans and animals.
    The soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs; specifically, the spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather.     Tags: broadly, uncountable, usually Synonyms: medulla Translations (soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs): ydin (Finnish) Translations (spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather): ydin (Finnish), pith (Middle English)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-8unDCD1m Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4 Disambiguation of 'soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs': 5 3 41 19 4 17 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 Disambiguation of 'spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather': 16 2 36 4 8 2 3 2 12 1 2 1 10
  4. (by extension)
    Senses relating to humans and animals.
    Chiefly of animals: the soft tissue inside a spinal cord; the spinal marrow; also, the spinal cord itself.     Tags: broadly, uncountable, usually Synonyms: medulla
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-ypkv567t Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms, English terms suffixed with -th, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -th: 2 4 9 8 10 7 9 6 3 7 3 5 6 3 7 6 4 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 2 3 10 9 13 6 10 7 2 8 1 3 3 1 5 7 2 2 1 1 3
  5. (by extension)
    Senses relating to humans and animals.
    (obsolete) Synonym of diploe (“the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull”)     Tags: broadly, obsolete, uncountable, usually Synonyms: diploe [synonym, synonym-of]
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-Mtl2VlIR Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4
  6. (by extension)
    Senses relating to humans and animals.
    (obsolete, rare) The soft tissue of the brain.     Tags: broadly, obsolete, rare, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-TO41Aztz Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English heteronyms Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4
  7. (by extension)
    (Ireland, Southern England, West Country) The soft inner portion of a loaf of bread.     Tags: Ireland, Southern-England, West-Country, broadly, uncountable, usually Translations (soft inner portion of a loaf of bread): sisus (Finnish), miolo [masculine] (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-dh9t5tc9 Categories (other): Irish English, Southern England English, West Country English Disambiguation of 'soft inner portion of a loaf of bread': 3 9 2 2 3 2 71 2 2 1 2 0 1
  8. (figurative)
    The central or innermost part of something; the core, the heart.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually Synonyms: kernel, marrow
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-QL3LgTol
  9. (figurative)
    The essential or vital part of something; the essence.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually Translations (essential or vital part of something — see also essence): jádro věci (Czech), podstata [feminine] (Czech), kern [masculine] (Dutch), ydin (Finnish), cœur (French), moelle (French), ámago [masculine] (Galician), cerne [masculine] (Galician), miolo [masculine] (Galician), καρδιά (kardiá) [feminine] (Greek), μεδούλι (medoúli) [neuter] (Greek), πυρήνας (pyrínas) [masculine] (Greek), מהות (mahut) (Hebrew), су́штина (súština) [feminine] (Macedonian), срж (srž) [feminine] (Macedonian), pith (Middle English), esență [feminine] (Romanian), miez [masculine, neuter] (Romanian), суть (sutʹ) [feminine] (Russian), brìgh [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), médula (Spanish), medula (Spanish), meollo (Spanish), núcleo [masculine] (Spanish), kärna [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-E1gblXnf Synonyms: crux, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, medulla [obsolete], nitty-gritty, nub, quintessence, soul, spirit, substance, gist Disambiguation of 'essential or vital part of something — see also essence': 7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3
  10. (figurative)
    Physical power or strength; force, might.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-QRt3Hmgn
  11. (figurative)
    A quality of courage and endurance; backbone, mettle, spine.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-2jEh~FvN
  12. (figurative)
    The energy, force, or power of speech or writing; specifically, such force or power due to conciseness; punch, punchiness.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually Translations (energy, force, or power of speech or writing; such force or power due to conciseness — see also punch): isku (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-2yNQbE7U Disambiguation of 'energy, force, or power of speech or writing; such force or power due to conciseness — see also punch': 1 2 2 5 2 2 1 0 2 5 1 77 1
  13. (figurative)
    Chiefly in of (great) pith and moment: gravity, importance, substance, weight.     Tags: figuratively, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-JN2jy~oW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: pith and marrow, pith and substance, pith helmet, pith paper, pithy
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /paɪθ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Forms: piths [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪθ Etymology: From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals). Etymology templates: {{glossary|suffix}} suffix, {{suffix|en|pi|th|pos2=suffix forming ordinal numerals|t1=constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter}} pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals) Head templates: {{en-noun}} pith (plural piths)
  1. (mathematics) One divided by pi, that is, 1/π (approximately 0.31831…). Categories (topical): Mathematics Translations (one divided by pi): piin vastaluku (Finnish), piième (French), pi-ième (French), πième (French), π-ième (French)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-noun-XLur3SWD Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: pi-th
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /pɪθ/ [General-American, Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav [Southern-England] Forms: piths [present, singular, third-person], pithing [participle, present], pithed [participle, past], pithed [past]
Rhymes: -ɪθ Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”). The verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English). cognates * Dutch peen (“carrot”) * Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)) * West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”) Etymology templates: {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|plant}} sense 1.1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|plant}} sense 1.1, {{langname|en}} English, {{senseno|en|albedo}} sense 1.2, {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{inh|en|enm|pith}} Middle English pith, {{m|enm|pithe|t=central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity}} pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”), {{nb...|peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{inh|en|ang|piþa}} Old English piþa, {{nb...|peoþa, piða|otherforms=1}} [and other forms], {{inh|en|gem-pro|*piþô}} Proto-Germanic *piþô, {{m|gem-pro|*piþō}} *piþō, {{glossary|oblique}} oblique, {{m|gem-pro|*pittan}} *pittan, {{doublet|en|pit|t1=seed or stone inside a fruit}} Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”), {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{cog|enm|pethen|t=to give courage or strength}} Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), {{m|enm|pith|pos=noun}} pith (noun), {{cog|nl|peen|t=carrot}} Dutch peen (“carrot”), {{cog|gml|peddek}} Middle Low German peddek, {{m|gml|peddik}} peddik, {{m|gml|piddek|t=bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence}} piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”), {{qualifier|the last spelling rare}} (the last spelling rare), {{cog|nds|Peddik|t=core; pulp}} Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”), {{cog|fy|piid|t=pulp, kernel}} West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} pith (third-person singular simple present piths, present participle pithing, simple past and past participle pithed)
  1. To render insensate or kill (an animal, especially cattle or a laboratory animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord. Tags: transitive Translations (to render insensate or kill (an animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord): katkoa selkäydin (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-verb-d2O4GStk Disambiguation of 'to render insensate or kill (an animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord': 98 2
  2. To extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone). Tags: transitive Translations (to extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)): poistaa ydin (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-pith-en-verb-hLJxA7B9 Disambiguation of 'to extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)': 2 98
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for pith meaning in English (42.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pith and marrow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pith and substance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pith helmet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pith paper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pithy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "albedo"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pith"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pith",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pithe",
        "t": "central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity"
      },
      "expansion": "pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "piþa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English piþa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peoþa, piða",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*piþô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *piþô",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*piþō"
      },
      "expansion": "*piþō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*pittan"
      },
      "expansion": "*pittan",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pit",
        "t1": "seed or stone inside a fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pethen",
        "t": "to give courage or strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pith",
        "pos": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (noun)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "peen",
        "t": "carrot"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch peen (“carrot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddek"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German peddek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddik"
      },
      "expansion": "peddik",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "piddek",
        "t": "bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "the last spelling rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(the last spelling rare)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Peddik",
        "t": "core; pulp"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "piid",
        "t": "pulp, kernel"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English).\ncognates\n* Dutch peen (“carrot”)\n* Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”))\n* West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (usually uncountable, plural piths)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-en:plant",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "soft",
          "soft#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "spongy",
          "spongy"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "parts",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "parenchyma",
          "parenchyma"
        ],
        [
          "centre",
          "center#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "roots",
          "root#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stems",
          "stem#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "trees",
          "tree#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany)",
        "The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:plant"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "marrow"
        },
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "nuḵāʕ",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "نُخَاع"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "bihotz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sǎrcevina",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "сърцевина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "medul·la"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "medul·la vegetal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "suǐ",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "髓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dřeň"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "marv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "merg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "medolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "säsi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "ydin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "moelle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "arro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sámago"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "samo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Mark"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "psícha",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ψίχα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "majjā",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "मज्जा"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "empulur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "garr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "laíon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "meideall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "midollino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "midollo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "alt": "ずい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zui",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "髄"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "csb",
          "lang": "Kashubian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "dërżéń pnia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gyullak",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "귤락"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ln",
          "lang": "Lingala",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "libúbú"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "srcévina",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "срце́вина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "pith"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "marg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miękisz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "măduvă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "miez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "serdcevína",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "сердцеви́на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "brìgh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "osrednji stržen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stržen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "médula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "pulpa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "flädermärg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "märg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "halyas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "ubod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "48 1 12 6 7 3 3 1 9 1 2 1 7",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "davva",
          "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
          "word": "దవ్వ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 4 9 8 10 7 9 6 3 7 3 5 6 3 7 6 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -th",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The albedo (“whitish inner portion of the rind”) of a citrus fruit."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-en:albedo",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "albedo",
          "albedo#English"
        ],
        [
          "whitish",
          "whitish"
        ],
        [
          "inner",
          "inner#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "portion",
          "portion#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "rind",
          "rind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "citrus",
          "citrus#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany)",
        "The albedo (“whitish inner portion of the rind”) of a citrus fruit."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:albedo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "(feather):"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs; specifically, the spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-8unDCD1m",
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "tissue",
          "tissue#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "human",
          "human#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "organ",
          "organ"
        ],
        [
          "interior",
          "interior#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "horn",
          "horn#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "feather",
          "feather#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs; specifically, the spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 41 19 4 17 2 1 2 1 3 1 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs",
          "word": "ydin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 2 36 4 8 2 3 2 12 1 2 1 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather",
          "word": "ydin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 2 36 4 8 2 3 2 12 1 2 1 10",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather",
          "word": "pith"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 4 9 8 10 7 9 6 3 7 3 5 6 3 7 6 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -th",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 10 9 13 6 10 7 2 8 1 3 3 1 5 7 2 2 1 1 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Chiefly of animals: the soft tissue inside a spinal cord; the spinal marrow; also, the spinal cord itself."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-ypkv567t",
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "spinal cord",
          "spinal cord"
        ],
        [
          "spinal marrow",
          "spinal marrow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Chiefly of animals: the soft tissue inside a spinal cord; the spinal marrow; also, the spinal cord itself."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Synonym of diploe (“the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-Mtl2VlIR",
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "diploe",
          "diploe#English"
        ],
        [
          "thin",
          "thin#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "layer",
          "layer#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cancellate",
          "cancellate"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plates",
          "plate#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "constitute",
          "constitute#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "skull",
          "skull#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "(obsolete) Synonym of diploe (“the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "diploe"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 11 14 12 10 6 3 9 2 5 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 10 10 11 10 10 4 3 5 3 5 5 2 7 5 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue of the brain."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-TO41Aztz",
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "brain",
          "brain#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "(obsolete, rare) The soft tissue of the brain."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southern England English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Country English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The soft inner portion of a loaf of bread."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-dh9t5tc9",
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "bread",
          "bread#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "(Ireland, Southern England, West Country) The soft inner portion of a loaf of bread."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "Southern-England",
        "West-Country",
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 9 2 2 3 2 71 2 2 1 2 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "soft inner portion of a loaf of bread",
          "word": "sisus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 9 2 2 3 2 71 2 2 1 2 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "soft inner portion of a loaf of bread",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miolo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The central or innermost part of something; the core, the heart."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-QL3LgTol",
      "links": [
        [
          "central",
          "central#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "innermost",
          "innermost#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "core",
          "core#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "heart",
          "heart#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The central or innermost part of something; the core, the heart."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kernel"
        },
        {
          "word": "marrow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The pith of my idea is that people should choose their own work hours.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The essential or vital part of something; the essence."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-E1gblXnf",
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "vital",
          "vital#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The essential or vital part of something; the essence."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crux"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        },
        {
          "word": "heart"
        },
        {
          "word": "heart and soul"
        },
        {
          "word": "inwardness"
        },
        {
          "word": "kernel"
        },
        {
          "word": "marrow"
        },
        {
          "word": "meat"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "medulla"
        },
        {
          "word": "nitty-gritty"
        },
        {
          "word": "nub"
        },
        {
          "word": "quintessence"
        },
        {
          "word": "soul"
        },
        {
          "word": "spirit"
        },
        {
          "word": "substance"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "jádro věci"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "podstata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kern"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "ydin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "cœur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "moelle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ámago"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cerne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "miolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "kardiá",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "καρδιά"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "medoúli",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "μεδούλι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pyrínas",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πυρήνας"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "mahut",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "מהות"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "súština",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "су́штина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "srž",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "срж"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "pith"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "esență"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "miez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sutʹ",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "суть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "brìgh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "médula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "medula"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "word": "meollo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "núcleo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 3 4 8 2 2 2 9 56 0 4 1 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kärna"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Physical power or strength; force, might."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-QRt3Hmgn",
      "links": [
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Physical power or strength; force, might."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A quality of courage and endurance; backbone, mettle, spine."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-2jEh~FvN",
      "links": [
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "endurance",
          "endurance"
        ],
        [
          "backbone",
          "backbone"
        ],
        [
          "mettle",
          "mettle#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "spine",
          "spine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "A quality of courage and endurance; backbone, mettle, spine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The energy, force, or power of speech or writing; specifically, such force or power due to conciseness; punch, punchiness."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-2yNQbE7U",
      "links": [
        [
          "energy",
          "energy"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "conciseness",
          "conciseness"
        ],
        [
          "punch",
          "punch#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "punchiness",
          "punchiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The energy, force, or power of speech or writing; specifically, such force or power due to conciseness; punch, punchiness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 2 5 2 2 1 0 2 5 1 77 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "energy, force, or power of speech or writing; such force or power due to conciseness — see also punch",
          "word": "isku"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Chiefly in of (great) pith and moment: gravity, importance, substance, weight."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-JN2jy~oW",
      "links": [
        [
          "great",
          "great#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "moment",
          "moment"
        ],
        [
          "gravity",
          "gravity"
        ],
        [
          "importance",
          "importance"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Chiefly in of (great) pith and moment: gravity, importance, substance, weight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "albedo"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pith"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pith",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pithe",
        "t": "central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity"
      },
      "expansion": "pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "piþa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English piþa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peoþa, piða",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*piþô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *piþô",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*piþō"
      },
      "expansion": "*piþō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*pittan"
      },
      "expansion": "*pittan",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pit",
        "t1": "seed or stone inside a fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pethen",
        "t": "to give courage or strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pith",
        "pos": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (noun)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "peen",
        "t": "carrot"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch peen (“carrot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddek"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German peddek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddik"
      },
      "expansion": "peddik",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "piddek",
        "t": "bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "the last spelling rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(the last spelling rare)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Peddik",
        "t": "core; pulp"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "piid",
        "t": "pulp, kernel"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English).\ncognates\n* Dutch peen (“carrot”)\n* Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”))\n* West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pith (third-person singular simple present piths, present participle pithing, simple past and past participle pithed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To render insensate or kill (an animal, especially cattle or a laboratory animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-verb-d2O4GStk",
      "links": [
        [
          "render",
          "render#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "insensate",
          "insensate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "laboratory",
          "laboratory"
        ],
        [
          "cutting",
          "cut#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "piercing",
          "pierce#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ],
        [
          "spinal cord",
          "spinal cord"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to render insensate or kill (an animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord",
          "word": "katkoa selkäydin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-verb-hLJxA7B9",
      "links": [
        [
          "extract",
          "extract#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pith",
          "pith#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)",
          "word": "poistaa ydin"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "th",
        "pos2": "suffix forming ordinal numerals",
        "t1": "constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter"
      },
      "expansion": "pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 4 8 8 9 5 7 3 3 5 3 6 5 3 7 6 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "English ordinal numbers",
          "parents": [
            "Ordinal numbers",
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The pith root of pi is approximately 1.439…",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998 June 21, Hbr…@my-dejanews.com, “For what x is x^x real?”, in alt.algebra.help (Usenet), message-ID <6mhv6n$13l$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com>",
          "text": "(e^pi*i*i/2), or e, which is the reciprocal of the square root of e to the pith power.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2000 August 9, alice, “IMEI Changer T-10”, in aus.comms.mobile (Usenet), message-ID <B5B6F806.53B5%alice@alice-didit.com>",
          "text": "That's nothing. I have an IMEI changer that will do all of the above and beat you off at the same time, while whistling the adaggio from Spartacus in Armenian and calculating pi to the pith power in swahili.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 March 5, abu.ku…@gmail.com, “The non existence of p’th root of any prime number, for (p>2) prime”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <cabe6746-8a13-44f0-9e95-30eec727654a@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "already, we know what is minus one from Euler: it is the I*pith power of e, such that ln(-1) = i*pi",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…)."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-adj-yW~RSIJU",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "ordinal",
          "ordinal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "pi",
          "pi#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "π",
          "π"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
          "word": "pii:s"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
          "word": "piième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
          "word": "pi-ième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
          "word": "πième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
          "word": "π-ième"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪθ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pi-th"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "th",
        "pos2": "suffix forming ordinal numerals",
        "t1": "constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter"
      },
      "expansion": "pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pith (plural piths)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1997 April 26, Brian Hutchings, “Trigonometric Functions”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <1997Apr26.204554.24471@lafn.org>",
          "text": "not only that, but your \"radian\" axis can be labelled as *being* in units of pis, as opposed to the redundancy of 0pi, pi/2, pi etc.; conversely, your circumferential measure can be rational (or units) and your radius can be transcendental (or piths .-)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 April 2, abu.ku…@gmail.com, “pi^2/6 and 6/pi^2”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <d1d13d13-c4c0-43c3-b4cb-7911dcb24cc7@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "thought it was the two-sixths power of pi, and teh secondpower of six piths",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 January 13, thugst…@gmail.com, “Electron-positron annihilation”, in sci.physics (Usenet), message-ID <89a35ff8-1df1-4ab5-baf5-fdc605207710@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "of course, although a pith is less than a third, hence pi is more than three, say, thirty-one tenths, but 22/7 is still less than pi, and that's a rather small gore",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One divided by pi, that is, 1/π (approximately 0.31831…)."
      ],
      "id": "en-pith-en-noun-XLur3SWD",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "One",
          "one#Numeral"
        ],
        [
          "divided",
          "divide#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pi",
          "pi#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) One divided by pi, that is, 1/π (approximately 0.31831…)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "one divided by pi",
          "word": "piin vastaluku"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one divided by pi",
          "word": "piième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one divided by pi",
          "word": "pi-ième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one divided by pi",
          "word": "πième"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "one divided by pi",
          "word": "π-ième"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪθ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pi-th"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English ordinal numbers",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -th",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pith and marrow"
    },
    {
      "word": "pith and substance"
    },
    {
      "word": "pith helmet"
    },
    {
      "word": "pith paper"
    },
    {
      "word": "pithy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "albedo"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pith"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pith",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pithe",
        "t": "central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity"
      },
      "expansion": "pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "piþa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English piþa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peoþa, piða",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*piþô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *piþô",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*piþō"
      },
      "expansion": "*piþō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*pittan"
      },
      "expansion": "*pittan",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pit",
        "t1": "seed or stone inside a fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pethen",
        "t": "to give courage or strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pith",
        "pos": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (noun)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "peen",
        "t": "carrot"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch peen (“carrot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddek"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German peddek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddik"
      },
      "expansion": "peddik",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "piddek",
        "t": "bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "the last spelling rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(the last spelling rare)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Peddik",
        "t": "core; pulp"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "piid",
        "t": "pulp, kernel"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English).\ncognates\n* Dutch peen (“carrot”)\n* Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”))\n* West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (usually uncountable, plural piths)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "soft",
          "soft#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "spongy",
          "spongy"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "parts",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "parenchyma",
          "parenchyma"
        ],
        [
          "centre",
          "center#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "roots",
          "root#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stems",
          "stem#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "trees",
          "tree#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany)",
        "The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:plant"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "marrow"
        },
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The albedo (“whitish inner portion of the rind”) of a citrus fruit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "albedo",
          "albedo#English"
        ],
        [
          "whitish",
          "whitish"
        ],
        [
          "inner",
          "inner#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "portion",
          "portion#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "rind",
          "rind#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "citrus",
          "citrus#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "fruit",
          "fruit#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany)",
        "The albedo (“whitish inner portion of the rind”) of a citrus fruit."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:albedo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "(feather):"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs; specifically, the spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "tissue",
          "tissue#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "human",
          "human#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "organ",
          "organ"
        ],
        [
          "interior",
          "interior#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "horn",
          "horn#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "shaft",
          "shaft#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "feather",
          "feather#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs; specifically, the spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Chiefly of animals: the soft tissue inside a spinal cord; the spinal marrow; also, the spinal cord itself."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "spinal cord",
          "spinal cord"
        ],
        [
          "spinal marrow",
          "spinal marrow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Chiefly of animals: the soft tissue inside a spinal cord; the spinal marrow; also, the spinal cord itself."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "medulla"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "Synonym of diploe (“the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "diploe",
          "diploe#English"
        ],
        [
          "thin",
          "thin#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "layer",
          "layer#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "cancellate",
          "cancellate"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plates",
          "plate#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "constitute",
          "constitute#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "skull",
          "skull#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "(obsolete) Synonym of diploe (“the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "the thin layer of soft, spongy, or cancellate tissue between the bone plates which constitute the skull",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "diploe"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "The soft tissue of the brain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humans",
          "human#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal#English"
        ],
        [
          "brain",
          "brain#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "Senses relating to humans and animals.",
        "(obsolete, rare) The soft tissue of the brain."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Irish English",
        "Southern England English",
        "West Country English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The soft inner portion of a loaf of bread."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "bread",
          "bread#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension)",
        "(Ireland, Southern England, West Country) The soft inner portion of a loaf of bread."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ireland",
        "Southern-England",
        "West-Country",
        "broadly",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The central or innermost part of something; the core, the heart."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "central",
          "central#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "innermost",
          "innermost#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "core",
          "core#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "heart",
          "heart#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The central or innermost part of something; the core, the heart."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kernel"
        },
        {
          "word": "marrow"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The pith of my idea is that people should choose their own work hours.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The essential or vital part of something; the essence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "essential",
          "essential#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "vital",
          "vital#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "essence",
          "essence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The essential or vital part of something; the essence."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "crux"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        },
        {
          "word": "heart"
        },
        {
          "word": "heart and soul"
        },
        {
          "word": "inwardness"
        },
        {
          "word": "kernel"
        },
        {
          "word": "marrow"
        },
        {
          "word": "meat"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "medulla"
        },
        {
          "word": "nitty-gritty"
        },
        {
          "word": "nub"
        },
        {
          "word": "quintessence"
        },
        {
          "word": "soul"
        },
        {
          "word": "spirit"
        },
        {
          "word": "substance"
        },
        {
          "word": "gist"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Physical power or strength; force, might."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Physical",
          "physical#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "strength",
          "strength#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Physical power or strength; force, might."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A quality of courage and endurance; backbone, mettle, spine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "quality",
          "quality#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "endurance",
          "endurance"
        ],
        [
          "backbone",
          "backbone"
        ],
        [
          "mettle",
          "mettle#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "spine",
          "spine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "A quality of courage and endurance; backbone, mettle, spine."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The energy, force, or power of speech or writing; specifically, such force or power due to conciseness; punch, punchiness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "energy",
          "energy"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "conciseness",
          "conciseness"
        ],
        [
          "punch",
          "punch#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "punchiness",
          "punchiness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "The energy, force, or power of speech or writing; specifically, such force or power due to conciseness; punch, punchiness."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Chiefly in of (great) pith and moment: gravity, importance, substance, weight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "great",
          "great#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "moment",
          "moment"
        ],
        [
          "gravity",
          "gravity"
        ],
        [
          "importance",
          "importance"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative)",
        "Chiefly in of (great) pith and moment: gravity, importance, substance, weight."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "nuḵāʕ",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "نُخَاع"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "bihotz"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sǎrcevina",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сърцевина"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medul·la"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medul·la vegetal"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "suǐ",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "髓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dřeň"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "marv"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "merg"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "medolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "säsi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "ydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "moelle"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "arro"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sámago"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "samo"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Mark"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "psícha",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ψίχα"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "majjā",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "मज्जा"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "empulur"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "garr"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "laíon"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "meideall"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "midollino"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "midollo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ずい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zui",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "髄"
    },
    {
      "code": "csb",
      "lang": "Kashubian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "dërżéń pnia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gyullak",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "귤락"
    },
    {
      "code": "ln",
      "lang": "Lingala",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "libúbú"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "srcévina",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "срце́вина"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "pith"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "marg"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miękisz"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "măduvă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "miez"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "serdcevína",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сердцеви́на"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "brìgh"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "osrednji stržen"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stržen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "médula"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "pulpa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "flädermärg"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "märg"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "halyas"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "ubod"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "davva",
      "sense": "soft, spongy substance inside plant parts",
      "word": "దవ్వ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "soft tissue inside a human or animal body or one of their organs",
      "word": "ydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather",
      "word": "ydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "spongy interior substance of a horn or the shaft of a feather",
      "word": "pith"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "soft inner portion of a loaf of bread",
      "word": "sisus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "soft inner portion of a loaf of bread",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "jádro věci"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "podstata"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kern"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "ydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "cœur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "moelle"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ámago"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cerne"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "miolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kardiá",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "καρδιά"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "medoúli",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "μεδούλι"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pyrínas",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πυρήνας"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "mahut",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "מהות"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "súština",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "су́штина"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "srž",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "срж"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "pith"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "esență"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "miez"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sutʹ",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "суть"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "brìgh"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "médula"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "medula"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "word": "meollo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "núcleo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "essential or vital part of something — see also essence",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kärna"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "energy, force, or power of speech or writing; such force or power due to conciseness — see also punch",
      "word": "isku"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English ordinal numbers",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -th",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "plant"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.1",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en"
      },
      "expansion": "English",
      "name": "langname"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "albedo"
      },
      "expansion": "sense 1.2",
      "name": "senseno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pith"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pith",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pithe",
        "t": "central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity"
      },
      "expansion": "pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "piþa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English piþa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peoþa, piða",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*piþô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *piþô",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*piþō"
      },
      "expansion": "*piþō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*pittan"
      },
      "expansion": "*pittan",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pit",
        "t1": "seed or stone inside a fruit"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pethen",
        "t": "to give courage or strength"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "pith",
        "pos": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (noun)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "peen",
        "t": "carrot"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch peen (“carrot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddek"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German peddek",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "peddik"
      },
      "expansion": "peddik",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "piddek",
        "t": "bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence"
      },
      "expansion": "piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "the last spelling rare"
      },
      "expansion": "(the last spelling rare)",
      "name": "qualifier"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Peddik",
        "t": "core; pulp"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "piid",
        "t": "pulp, kernel"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English).\ncognates\n* Dutch peen (“carrot”)\n* Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”))\n* West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pithed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pith (third-person singular simple present piths, present participle pithing, simple past and past participle pithed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To render insensate or kill (an animal, especially cattle or a laboratory animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "render",
          "render#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "insensate",
          "insensate#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "kill",
          "kill#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "laboratory",
          "laboratory"
        ],
        [
          "cutting",
          "cut#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "piercing",
          "pierce#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ],
        [
          "spinal cord",
          "spinal cord"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extract",
          "extract#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pith",
          "pith#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-AcpoKrane-pith.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-AcpoKrane-pith.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to render insensate or kill (an animal) by cutting, piercing, or otherwise destroying the spinal cord",
      "word": "katkoa selkäydin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to extract the pith from (something or (figurative) someone)",
      "word": "poistaa ydin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English ordinal numbers",
    "English terms suffixed with -th",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "th",
        "pos2": "suffix forming ordinal numerals",
        "t1": "constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter"
      },
      "expansion": "pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "pith (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The pith root of pi is approximately 1.439…",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998 June 21, Hbr…@my-dejanews.com, “For what x is x^x real?”, in alt.algebra.help (Usenet), message-ID <6mhv6n$13l$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com>",
          "text": "(e^pi*i*i/2), or e, which is the reciprocal of the square root of e to the pith power.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2000 August 9, alice, “IMEI Changer T-10”, in aus.comms.mobile (Usenet), message-ID <B5B6F806.53B5%alice@alice-didit.com>",
          "text": "That's nothing. I have an IMEI changer that will do all of the above and beat you off at the same time, while whistling the adaggio from Spartacus in Armenian and calculating pi to the pith power in swahili.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 March 5, abu.ku…@gmail.com, “The non existence of p’th root of any prime number, for (p>2) prime”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <cabe6746-8a13-44f0-9e95-30eec727654a@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "already, we know what is minus one from Euler: it is the I*pith power of e, such that ln(-1) = i*pi",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "ordinal",
          "ordinal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "number",
          "number#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "pi",
          "pi#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "π",
          "π"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪθ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "pi-th"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
      "word": "pii:s"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
      "word": "piième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
      "word": "pi-ième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
      "word": "πième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ordinal form of the number pi",
      "word": "π-ième"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English ordinal numbers",
    "English terms suffixed with -th",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪθ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "suffix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "th",
        "pos2": "suffix forming ordinal numerals",
        "t1": "constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter"
      },
      "expansion": "pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pi (“constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter”) + -th (suffix forming ordinal numerals).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "piths",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pith (plural piths)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1997 April 26, Brian Hutchings, “Trigonometric Functions”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <1997Apr26.204554.24471@lafn.org>",
          "text": "not only that, but your \"radian\" axis can be labelled as *being* in units of pis, as opposed to the redundancy of 0pi, pi/2, pi etc.; conversely, your circumferential measure can be rational (or units) and your radius can be transcendental (or piths .-)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016 April 2, abu.ku…@gmail.com, “pi^2/6 and 6/pi^2”, in sci.math (Usenet), message-ID <d1d13d13-c4c0-43c3-b4cb-7911dcb24cc7@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "thought it was the two-sixths power of pi, and teh secondpower of six piths",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 January 13, thugst…@gmail.com, “Electron-positron annihilation”, in sci.physics (Usenet), message-ID <89a35ff8-1df1-4ab5-baf5-fdc605207710@googlegroups.com>",
          "text": "of course, although a pith is less than a third, hence pi is more than three, say, thirty-one tenths, but 22/7 is still less than pi, and that's a rather small gore",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One divided by pi, that is, 1/π (approximately 0.31831…)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "One",
          "one#Numeral"
        ],
        [
          "divided",
          "divide#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "pi",
          "pi#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) One divided by pi, that is, 1/π (approximately 0.31831…)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paɪθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪθ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "pi-th"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "one divided by pi",
      "word": "piin vastaluku"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one divided by pi",
      "word": "piième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one divided by pi",
      "word": "pi-ième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one divided by pi",
      "word": "πième"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "one divided by pi",
      "word": "π-ième"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pith"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.