See scum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cyberscum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "descum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "offscum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pond scum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scrunge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumbag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumball"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumboard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumbreath"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumbutt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumface"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumfuck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumhole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumlord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scummer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scum of the earth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scum-ridden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumshit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumsucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumsucking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scum valve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumwad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scumware"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "soap scum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "truscum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schūme",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skūmaz",
"t": "froth, foam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuim",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuim (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuum"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schaum",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "German Schaum (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écume",
"t": "scum"
},
"expansion": "French écume (“scum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "schiuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Italian schiuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Skuum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian scuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "schome",
"t": "scum, foam"
},
"expansion": "Walloon schome (“scum, foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šamas",
"t": "catfish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scum, scome, skum, skome, scumme, from Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”). Cognate with Dutch schuim (“foam”), West Frisian skuum, German Schaum (“foam”), Danish and Swedish skum (“foam”). Compare also French écume (“scum”), Italian schiuma (“foam”), Saterland Frisian Skuum, Sicilian scuma (“foam”), Walloon schome (“scum, foam”), Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”) and skanus (“tasty”) from the same Germanic source. Related to skim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "scum (countable and uncountable, plural scums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 21 13 21 2 5 4 2 3 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During smelting, scum rises to the surface and is then removed by the smelter.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water)."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-noun-3S3EVIS0",
"links": [
[
"impurities",
"impurity"
],
[
"molten",
"molten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dross"
},
{
"word": "impurity"
},
{
"word": "impurities"
},
{
"word": "cinder"
},
{
"word": "scoriae"
},
{
"word": "slag"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "makë"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shtrap"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kaškūša",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كشكوشة"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečista pjana",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нечиста пяна"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escòria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "feĉo"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skúm"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "kuona"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écume"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mousse"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoura"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escumallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borra"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "de",
"english": "foamy",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abschaum"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "de",
"english": "otherwise",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwimmschlamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "in a vessel",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rand"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvrasma",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβρασμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvlito",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβλητο"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lámpē",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λάμπη"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "paska"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "scuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impurità"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "parawai"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schlekj"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "szumowiny"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "escória"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"alt": "гря́зная",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "péna",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пе́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nákipʹ",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "на́кипь"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečistóty",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"word": "нечисто́ты"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "teṭṭu",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "తెట్టు"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "locally \"home\", \"chume\", \"scume\"",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schome"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 15 10 1",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "èérú"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 21 13 21 2 5 4 2 3 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These organisms form scum in large quantities.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A greenish water vegetation (such as algae), usually found floating on the surface of ponds"
],
"id": "en-scum-en-noun-H5w~p31l",
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"algae",
"algae"
],
[
"pond",
"pond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A greenish water vegetation (such as algae), usually found floating on the surface of ponds"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdet"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"english": "algae",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"word": "leväpuuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdelixo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomeaco"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Algenteppich"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "Entengrütze"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mucillagine"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"word": "tátłʼid"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grønske"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sly"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 90 2 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tína",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ти́на"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 21 13 21 2 5 4 2 3 2 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The topmost liquid layer of a cesspool or septic tank."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-noun-TSiYwGiU",
"links": [
[
"topmost",
"topmost"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cesspool",
"cesspool"
],
[
"septic tank",
"septic tank"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 3 87 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "topmost liquid layer of a cesspool or septic tank",
"word": "pintaliete"
}
]
},
{
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{
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"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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{
"ref": "1965, Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land, New York: New American Library, →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "Horse, who was always talking about facts, said, “Man, that can't be scum, ’cause scum is white.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Semen."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-noun-QrGgcU0K",
"links": [
[
"Semen",
"semen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang, chiefly US) Semen."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semen"
}
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "People who sell used-up pens are scum, just total low-lives.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reprehensible person or persons."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-noun-X3W4y3LP",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"reprehensible",
"reprehensible"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bastard"
},
{
"word": "jerk"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otrepka",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отрепка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "escòria"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "púrria"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afskum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "tuig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "aĉulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective"
],
"word": "ŝaŭmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "feĉulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective"
],
"word": "feĉo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "roskaväki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "pohjasakka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ordure"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "salaud"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
],
"word": "drigaille"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xentalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gandaiada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cafualla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gafullada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abschaum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschmeiß"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvrasma",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβρασμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kátharma",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάθαρμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ẖel'á",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֶלְאָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramaisc"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "waste gyal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waste man"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "caenum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sentīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faex"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džgan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џган"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podlec",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подлец"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szumowina"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podlec"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wyrodek"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escória"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podléc",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подле́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "negodjáj",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негодя́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svóločʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective",
"feminine"
],
"word": "сво́лочь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otródʹje",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"collective",
"neuter"
],
"word": "отро́дье"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otrébʹje",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отре́бье"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "švalʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шваль"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "néčistʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́чисть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šúšera",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шу́шера"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantropá",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шантропа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentuza"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "canalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "avskum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kräk"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "as"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "jävel"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 5 1 91",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gwehilion"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg/En-us-scum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "skum"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"scum"
],
"word": "scum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schūme",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skūmaz",
"t": "froth, foam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuim",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuim (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuum"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schaum",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "German Schaum (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écume",
"t": "scum"
},
"expansion": "French écume (“scum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "schiuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Italian schiuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Skuum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian scuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "schome",
"t": "scum, foam"
},
"expansion": "Walloon schome (“scum, foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šamas",
"t": "catfish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scum, scome, skum, skome, scumme, from Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”). Cognate with Dutch schuim (“foam”), West Frisian skuum, German Schaum (“foam”), Danish and Swedish skum (“foam”). Compare also French écume (“scum”), Italian schiuma (“foam”), Saterland Frisian Skuum, Sicilian scuma (“foam”), Walloon schome (“scum, foam”), Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”) and skanus (“tasty”) from the same Germanic source. Related to skim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scum (third-person singular simple present scums, present participle scumming, simple past and past participle scummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To remove the layer of scum from (a liquid etc.)."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-~cdSPf1F",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Some scumd the drosse, that from the metall came; / Some stird the molten owre with ladles great[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove (something) as scum."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-07lB3GIc",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, Elizabeth Raffald, The Experienced English House-keeper, pages 321–322:",
"text": "Take the smallest Cucumbers you can get, and as free from Spots as possible, put them into a strong Salt and Water for nine or ten Days, or 'till they are quite Yellow, and stir them twice a Day at least, or they will scum over, and grow soft",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become covered with scum."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-yjAv9epg",
"links": [
[
"covered",
"covered"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:",
"text": "SOo by Merlyns aduys ther were sente fore rydars to skumme the Countreye / & they mette with the fore rydars of the north / and made hem to telle whiche wey the hooste cam / and thenne they told it to Arthur / and by kyng Ban and Bors counceill they lete brenne and destroye alle the contrey afore them there they shold ryde",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:",
"text": "Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by scumming those seas and shores as pirates.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scour (the land, sea, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-q3uMXizK",
"links": [
[
"scour",
"scour"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To scour (the land, sea, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1815, Rudolf Ackerman, Frederic Shoberl, The Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions and Politics:",
"text": "A great majority of the members are scummed together from the Jacobinical dregs of former periods of the revolution.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To gather together, as scum."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-68dAXzJO",
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To gather together, as scum."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To startscum or savescum."
],
"id": "en-scum-en-verb-xUBJ02dE",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"startscum",
"startscum"
],
[
"savescum",
"savescum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, informal) To startscum or savescum."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg/En-us-scum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "skum"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "45 50 1 1 0 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "remove layer of scum",
"word": "afskumme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"scum"
],
"word": "scum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cyberscum"
},
{
"word": "descum"
},
{
"word": "offscum"
},
{
"word": "pond scum"
},
{
"word": "scrunge"
},
{
"word": "scumbag"
},
{
"word": "scumball"
},
{
"word": "scumboard"
},
{
"word": "scumbreath"
},
{
"word": "scumbutt"
},
{
"word": "scumface"
},
{
"word": "scumfuck"
},
{
"word": "scumhead"
},
{
"word": "scumhole"
},
{
"word": "scumless"
},
{
"word": "scumlike"
},
{
"word": "scumlord"
},
{
"word": "scummer"
},
{
"word": "scummy"
},
{
"word": "scum of the earth"
},
{
"word": "scum-ridden"
},
{
"word": "scumshit"
},
{
"word": "scumsucker"
},
{
"word": "scumsucking"
},
{
"word": "scum valve"
},
{
"word": "scumwad"
},
{
"word": "scumware"
},
{
"word": "soap scum"
},
{
"word": "truscum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schūme",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skūmaz",
"t": "froth, foam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuim",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuim (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuum"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schaum",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "German Schaum (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écume",
"t": "scum"
},
"expansion": "French écume (“scum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "schiuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Italian schiuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Skuum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian scuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "schome",
"t": "scum, foam"
},
"expansion": "Walloon schome (“scum, foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šamas",
"t": "catfish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scum, scome, skum, skome, scumme, from Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”). Cognate with Dutch schuim (“foam”), West Frisian skuum, German Schaum (“foam”), Danish and Swedish skum (“foam”). Compare also French écume (“scum”), Italian schiuma (“foam”), Saterland Frisian Skuum, Sicilian scuma (“foam”), Walloon schome (“scum, foam”), Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”) and skanus (“tasty”) from the same Germanic source. Related to skim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "scum (countable and uncountable, plural scums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During smelting, scum rises to the surface and is then removed by the smelter.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water)."
],
"links": [
[
"impurities",
"impurity"
],
[
"molten",
"molten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dross"
},
{
"word": "impurity"
},
{
"word": "impurities"
},
{
"word": "cinder"
},
{
"word": "scoriae"
},
{
"word": "slag"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These organisms form scum in large quantities.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A greenish water vegetation (such as algae), usually found floating on the surface of ponds"
],
"links": [
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"algae",
"algae"
],
[
"pond",
"pond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) A greenish water vegetation (such as algae), usually found floating on the surface of ponds"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The topmost liquid layer of a cesspool or septic tank."
],
"links": [
[
"topmost",
"topmost"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cesspool",
"cesspool"
],
[
"septic tank",
"septic tank"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land, New York: New American Library, →OCLC, page 80:",
"text": "Horse, who was always talking about facts, said, “Man, that can't be scum, ’cause scum is white.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Semen."
],
"links": [
[
"Semen",
"semen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang, chiefly US) Semen."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "semen"
}
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "People who sell used-up pens are scum, just total low-lives.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A reprehensible person or persons."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"reprehensible",
"reprehensible"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bastard"
},
{
"word": "jerk"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"derogatory",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg/En-us-scum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "skum"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "makë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shtrap"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kaškūša",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "كشكوشة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nečista pjana",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нечиста пяна"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escòria"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "feĉo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skúm"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "kuona"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écume"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mousse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crasse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escumallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "foamy",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abschaum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "otherwise",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schwimmschlamm"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "in a vessel",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"informal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rand"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvrasma",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβρασμα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvlito",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβλητο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lámpē",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λάμπη"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "paska"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "scuma"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impurità"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "parawai"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schlekj"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "szumowiny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "escória"
},
{
"alt": "гря́зная",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "péna",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пе́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nákipʹ",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "на́кипь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nečistóty",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"word": "нечисто́ты"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "teṭṭu",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "తెట్టు"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "locally \"home\", \"chume\", \"scume\"",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schome"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "layer of impurities",
"word": "èérú"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "algae",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"word": "leväpuuro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdullo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verdelixo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomeaco"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Algenteppich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "Entengrütze"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mucillagine"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"word": "tátłʼid"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grønske"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sly"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tína",
"sense": "greenish water vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ти́на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "topmost liquid layer of a cesspool or septic tank",
"word": "pintaliete"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otrepka",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отрепка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "escòria"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "púrria"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "afskum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "tuig"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "aĉulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective"
],
"word": "ŝaŭmo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "feĉulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective"
],
"word": "feĉo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "roskaväki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "pohjasakka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ordure"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "salaud"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
],
"word": "drigaille"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xentalla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gandaiada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cafualla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gafullada"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Abschaum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Geschmeiß"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apóvrasma",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απόβρασμα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kátharma",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάθαρμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ẖel'á",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֶלְאָה"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gramaisc"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "waste gyal"
},
{
"code": "jam",
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waste man"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "caenum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sentīna"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faex"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džgan",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џган"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podlec",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подлец"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szumowina"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podlec"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wyrodek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escória"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podléc",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подле́ц"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "negodjáj",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негодя́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svóločʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"also",
"collective",
"feminine"
],
"word": "сво́лочь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otródʹje",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"collective",
"neuter"
],
"word": "отро́дье"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otrébʹje",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отре́бье"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "švalʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шваль"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "néčistʹ",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́чисть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šúšera",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шу́шера"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šantropá",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шантропа́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentuza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"word": "canalla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "avskum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kräk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "as"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "jävel"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "person or persons considered to be reprehensible",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "gwehilion"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"scum"
],
"word": "scum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Jamaican Creole translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "schūme",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skūmaz",
"t": "froth, foam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"t": "to cover, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schuim",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schuim (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "skuum"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schaum",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "German Schaum (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "écume",
"t": "scum"
},
"expansion": "French écume (“scum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "schiuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Italian schiuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Skuum"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Skuum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "scuma",
"t": "foam"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian scuma (“foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "schome",
"t": "scum, foam"
},
"expansion": "Walloon schome (“scum, foam”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šamas",
"t": "catfish"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scum, scome, skum, skome, scumme, from Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”), from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”). Cognate with Dutch schuim (“foam”), West Frisian skuum, German Schaum (“foam”), Danish and Swedish skum (“foam”). Compare also French écume (“scum”), Italian schiuma (“foam”), Saterland Frisian Skuum, Sicilian scuma (“foam”), Walloon schome (“scum, foam”), Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”) and skanus (“tasty”) from the same Germanic source. Related to skim.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scum (third-person singular simple present scums, present participle scumming, simple past and past participle scummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To remove the layer of scum from (a liquid etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Some scumd the drosse, that from the metall came; / Some stird the molten owre with ladles great[…].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove (something) as scum."
],
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1769, Elizabeth Raffald, The Experienced English House-keeper, pages 321–322:",
"text": "Take the smallest Cucumbers you can get, and as free from Spots as possible, put them into a strong Salt and Water for nine or ten Days, or 'till they are quite Yellow, and stir them twice a Day at least, or they will scum over, and grow soft",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become covered with scum."
],
"links": [
[
"covered",
"covered"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:",
"text": "SOo by Merlyns aduys ther were sente fore rydars to skumme the Countreye / & they mette with the fore rydars of the north / and made hem to telle whiche wey the hooste cam / and thenne they told it to Arthur / and by kyng Ban and Bors counceill they lete brenne and destroye alle the contrey afore them there they shold ryde",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:",
"text": "Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by scumming those seas and shores as pirates.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scour (the land, sea, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"scour",
"scour"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To scour (the land, sea, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1815, Rudolf Ackerman, Frederic Shoberl, The Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions and Politics:",
"text": "A great majority of the members are scummed together from the Jacobinical dregs of former periods of the revolution.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To gather together, as scum."
],
"links": [
[
"gather",
"gather"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"scum",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To gather together, as scum."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"en:Video games"
],
"glosses": [
"To startscum or savescum."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"startscum",
"startscum"
],
[
"savescum",
"savescum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games, informal) To startscum or savescum."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg/En-us-scum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-us-scum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "skum"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "remove layer of scum",
"word": "afskumme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"scum"
],
"word": "scum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scum meaning in English (29.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.