See sap in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sap meaning in English (42.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cell sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "coconut sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "elaborated sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pine sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap ball"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sapful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap green"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "saphead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sapless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sapling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap poison"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sappy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap rot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap shield"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sapsucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sap tube"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sapwood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tree sap"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæp",
"t": "juice, sap"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæp (“juice, sap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sap",
"t": "sap, juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sap",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Saft"
},
"expansion": "German Saft",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "safi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic safi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sap-",
"t": "to taste"
},
"expansion": "*sap- (“to taste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sybwydd",
"3": "syb-wydd",
"t": "fir"
},
"expansion": "Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"t": "must, new wine"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must, new wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "со́пли",
"t": "snivel"
},
"expansion": "Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "համ",
"t": "taste"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"t": "having poisonous juices"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सबर्",
"t": "juice, nectar"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sage"
},
"expansion": "sage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.\nThe longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-6oT62nLG",
"links": [
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"ascending",
"ascending"
],
[
"descending",
"descending"
],
[
"circulating",
"circulating"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"nutrition",
"nutrition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ami",
"lang": "Amis",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "'adeteng"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nusḡ",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نُسْغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕuṣāra",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عُصَارَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "huyz",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "հույզ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "koh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "কহ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hut",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "һут"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hıw",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "һыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "izerdi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "duga"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎzga",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мъзга"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "saba"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "ijsana'to"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "樹液"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùyè",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "树液"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shī",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "汁"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "míza"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "træsaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mahla"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sève"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sarxa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zume"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zurrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣veni",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "წვენი"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Saft"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "saraf",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שרף"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ark",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अर्क"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "arak",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अरक"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "niryās",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gond",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गोंद"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mahla"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "succo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"alt": "じゅえき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jueki",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "樹液"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"alt": "しる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiru",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "汁"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "kơtăk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "adta"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "agta"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rukkʰa’rʊəh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "រុក្ខរស"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "coa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "ជ័រ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rʊəh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "រស"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"alt": "汁",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeup",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "즙"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"alt": "樹液",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suaek",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "수액"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sucus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "getah"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "tawau"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "tarawai"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "pia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "wmw",
"lang": "Mwani",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"class-14"
],
"word": "urokozi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "wmw",
"lang": "Mwani",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"Nkojo",
"class-14"
],
"word": "unoni"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "cop",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "चोप"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sève"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"english": "trees",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevje"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"english": "trees",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevje"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "gĕtih"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šire",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "شیره"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sauft"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sok mleczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevă"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रस"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "niryāsa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brìgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miazga"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mězga"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjacka"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "savia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
],
"word": "utomvu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sav"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "dagta"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aserɣaɣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pālu",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "పాలు"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "blut"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sik",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сік"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "nhựa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mủ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-iro6L~Lr",
"links": [
[
"sapwood",
"sapwood"
],
[
"alburnum",
"alburnum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "belovina",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беловина"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spint"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spinthout"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "nila"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sámago"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aba"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alubra"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mantelholz"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Splint"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alburno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sraay",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "ស្រាយ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "belóvina",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бело́вина"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "borun-čub",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "برونچوب"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zábolonʹ",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́болонь"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brìgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sùgh"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "albura"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 74 6 2 14",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "blut"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any juice."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-hf7gCxxA",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Vitality."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-JCHV-727",
"links": [
[
"Vitality",
"vitality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Vitality."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 23 16 1 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 17 7 1 28 6 9 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 8 1 20 7 8 6 7 3 7 4 6 2 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Liquids",
"orig": "en:Liquids",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 2 1 13 17 12 2 3 9 8 16 3 1 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks",
"text": "She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A naive person; a simpleton."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-cTTMjH~4",
"links": [
[
"naive",
"naive"
],
[
"simpleton",
"simpleton"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "milksop"
},
{
"word": "saphead"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slappeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imbeciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "idioot"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "simpele"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "hölmö"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "tollo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "tomppeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naïf"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nigaud"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caloio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papoio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bausán"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvallán"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bobiche"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Einfaltspinsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Heulsuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Simpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "frayer",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פראייר"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "balek"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sempliciotto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cʰaot",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "ឆោត"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "próstak",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "про́стак"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tosk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "oskol",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "اسکل"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laups"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fraier"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostak",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "простак"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostofilja",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "простофиля"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 3 1 89",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "simplón"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap",
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæp",
"t": "juice, sap"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæp (“juice, sap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sap",
"t": "sap, juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sap",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Saft"
},
"expansion": "German Saft",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "safi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic safi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sap-",
"t": "to taste"
},
"expansion": "*sap- (“to taste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sybwydd",
"3": "syb-wydd",
"t": "fir"
},
"expansion": "Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"t": "must, new wine"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must, new wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "со́пли",
"t": "snivel"
},
"expansion": "Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "համ",
"t": "taste"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"t": "having poisonous juices"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सबर्",
"t": "juice, nectar"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sage"
},
"expansion": "sage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.\nThe longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-eM-cJhw4",
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"suck",
"suck"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 April 12, Neil Johnston, “Real Madrid 2-3 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "While Tuchel will be delighted with the way his players responded, there will be concern at how much the energy-sapping 120 minutes has taken out of them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exhaust the vitality of."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-j952xklA",
"links": [
[
"exhaust",
"exhaust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sapling"
},
"expansion": "sapling",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from sapling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 2 1 13 17 12 2 3 9 8 16 3 1 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)",
"text": "I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-pCe1JUkI",
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"blackjack",
"blackjack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ploertendoder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matraque"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manganello"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sapling"
},
"expansion": "sapling",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from sapling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)",
"text": "[A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight."
},
{
"ref": "1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain",
"text": "And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike with a sap (with a blackjack)."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-I8H7j7db",
"links": [
[
"blackjack",
"blackjack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack)."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strike with a sap",
"word": "knuppelen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "saper"
},
"expansion": "French saper",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zapar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zapar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "zappare"
},
"expansion": "Italian zappare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sape",
"t": "sort of scythe"
},
"expansion": "sape (“sort of scythe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "sappa",
"t": "sort of mattock"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 2 1 13 17 12 2 3 9 8 16 3 1 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sap fagot"
},
{
"word": "sapper"
},
{
"word": "sap roller"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-noun-jwcHbjPK",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"parallel",
"parallel"
],
[
"glacis",
"glacis"
],
[
"covert",
"covert"
],
[
"besiege",
"besiege"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"gabion",
"gabion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrit okop",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "покрит окоп"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"word": "katettu juoksuhauta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sape"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laufgraben"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skotgröf"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fo-chlash"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sápa",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "са́па"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skyttegrav"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "löpgrav"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "saper"
},
"expansion": "French saper",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zapar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zapar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "zappare"
},
"expansion": "Italian zappare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sape",
"t": "sort of scythe"
},
"expansion": "sape (“sort of scythe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "sappa",
"t": "sort of mattock"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-IR3nHRSh",
"links": [
[
"subvert",
"subvert"
],
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"wearing away",
"wear away"
],
[
"mine",
"mine"
],
[
"undermine",
"undermine"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "ondergraven"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "kaivaa maata alta (object in genitive before alta)",
"sense": "undermine"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "miner"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "sapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "scalzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "minare"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "săpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "submina"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "zapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 2 7 9 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "socavar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 2 1 13 17 12 2 3 9 8 16 3 1 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with saps."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-Bhm2Ff5x",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, military) To pierce with saps."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 90 1 1 5",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "pierce with saps",
"word": "towl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells",
"text": "Ring out the grief that saps the mind[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-Pg5V7U0g",
"links": [
[
"unstable",
"unstable"
],
[
"infirm",
"infirm"
],
[
"unsettle",
"unsettle"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "uuvuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "indebolire"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "fiaccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 1 64 26 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "logorare"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sap one’s conscience",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "he saps my energy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To gradually weaken."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-MSM6Gv-J",
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To gradually weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztoštavam",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "изтощавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "knagen aan"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "kuluttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "aufzehren"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "whakangoikore"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istoščatʹ",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "истощать"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 18 76 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "issušátʹ",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "иссуша́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps."
],
"id": "en-sap-en-verb-UdXLlZTc",
"links": [
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"execute",
"execute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 7 2 2 77",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "proceed by mining",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 7 2 2 77",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "proceed by mining",
"word": "ondergraven"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for gender in Nepali entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cell sap"
},
{
"word": "coconut sap"
},
{
"word": "crude sap"
},
{
"word": "elaborated sap"
},
{
"word": "pine sap"
},
{
"word": "sap ball"
},
{
"word": "sapful"
},
{
"word": "sap green"
},
{
"word": "saphead"
},
{
"word": "sapless"
},
{
"word": "sapling"
},
{
"word": "sap poison"
},
{
"word": "sappy"
},
{
"word": "sap rot"
},
{
"word": "sap shield"
},
{
"word": "sapsucker"
},
{
"word": "sap tube"
},
{
"word": "sapwood"
},
{
"word": "tree sap"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæp",
"t": "juice, sap"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæp (“juice, sap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sap",
"t": "sap, juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sap",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Saft"
},
"expansion": "German Saft",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "safi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic safi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sap-",
"t": "to taste"
},
"expansion": "*sap- (“to taste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sybwydd",
"3": "syb-wydd",
"t": "fir"
},
"expansion": "Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"t": "must, new wine"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must, new wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "со́пли",
"t": "snivel"
},
"expansion": "Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "համ",
"t": "taste"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"t": "having poisonous juices"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सबर्",
"t": "juice, nectar"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sage"
},
"expansion": "sage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.\nThe longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition."
],
"links": [
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"ascending",
"ascending"
],
[
"descending",
"descending"
],
[
"circulating",
"circulating"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"nutrition",
"nutrition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree."
],
"links": [
[
"sapwood",
"sapwood"
],
[
"alburnum",
"alburnum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any juice."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Vitality."
],
"links": [
[
"Vitality",
"vitality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Vitality."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks",
"text": "She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A naive person; a simpleton."
],
"links": [
[
"naive",
"naive"
],
[
"simpleton",
"simpleton"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "milksop"
},
{
"word": "saphead"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ami",
"lang": "Amis",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "'adeteng"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nusḡ",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نُسْغ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕuṣāra",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عُصَارَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "huyz",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "հույզ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "koh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "কহ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hut",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "һут"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hıw",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "һыу"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "izerdi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "duga"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎzga",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мъзга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "saba"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "ijsana'to"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "樹液"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shùyè",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "树液"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shī",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "汁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "míza"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "træsaft"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sap"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mahla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sève"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seiva"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sarxa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zume"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zurrio"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣veni",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "წვენი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Saft"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "saraf",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שרף"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ark",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अर्क"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "arak",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अरक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "niryās",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gond",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गोंद"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mahla"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "succo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linfa"
},
{
"alt": "じゅえき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jueki",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "樹液"
},
{
"alt": "しる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shiru",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "汁"
},
{
"code": "jra",
"lang": "Jarai",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "kơtăk"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "adta"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "agta"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rukkʰa’rʊəh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "រុក្ខរស"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "coa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "ជ័រ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "rʊəh",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "រស"
},
{
"alt": "汁",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeup",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "즙"
},
{
"alt": "樹液",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suaek",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "수액"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sucus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "getah"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "tawau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "tarawai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "pia"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "sap"
},
{
"code": "wmw",
"lang": "Mwani",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"class-14"
],
"word": "urokozi"
},
{
"code": "wmw",
"lang": "Mwani",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"Nkojo",
"class-14"
],
"word": "unoni"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "cop",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "चोप"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sève"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"english": "trees",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sevje"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"english": "trees",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevje"
},
{
"code": "kaw",
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "gĕtih"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šire",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "شیره"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sauft"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sok mleczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "seiva"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sevă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sok",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сок"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "rasa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "रस"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "niryāsa",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brìgh"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "miazga"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mězga"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjacka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "savia"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9"
],
"word": "utomvu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sav"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "dagta"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aserɣaɣ"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pālu",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "పాలు"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "blut"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sik",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сік"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "nhựa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "juice of plant",
"word": "mủ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "belovina",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беловина"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spint"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spinthout"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "nila"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "samo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sámago"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aba"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alubra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mantelholz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Splint"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alburno"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sraay",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "ស្រាយ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "belóvina",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бело́вина"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "sap"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "borun-čub",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "برونچوب"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zábolonʹ",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "за́болонь"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brìgh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sùgh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "albura"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"sense": "sapwood of a tree",
"word": "blut"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slappeling"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imbeciel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "idioot"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "simpele"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "hölmö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "tollo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "tomppeli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naïf"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nigaud"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caloio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papoio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bausán"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parvallán"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bobiche"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Einfaltspinsel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Heulsuse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Simpel"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "frayer",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פראייר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "balek"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sempliciotto"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cʰaot",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "ឆោត"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "próstak",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "про́стак"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tosk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "oskol",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"word": "اسکل"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laups"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fraier"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostak",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "простак"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostofilja",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "простофиля"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slang: saphead",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "simplón"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap",
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for gender in Nepali entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sap",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sæp",
"t": "juice, sap"
},
"expansion": "Old English sæp (“juice, sap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sap",
"t": "sap, juice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sap"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sap",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Saft"
},
"expansion": "German Saft",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "safi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic safi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sab-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sab-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sap-",
"t": "to taste"
},
"expansion": "*sap- (“to taste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sybwydd",
"3": "syb-wydd",
"t": "fir"
},
"expansion": "Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sapa",
"t": "must, new wine"
},
"expansion": "Latin sapa (“must, new wine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "со́пли",
"t": "snivel"
},
"expansion": "Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "համ",
"t": "taste"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"3": "𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀",
"t": "having poisonous juices"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सबर्",
"t": "juice, nectar"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sage"
},
"expansion": "sage",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.\nThe longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"suck",
"suck"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 April 12, Neil Johnston, “Real Madrid 2-3 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "While Tuchel will be delighted with the way his players responded, there will be concern at how much the energy-sapping 120 minutes has taken out of them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exhaust the vitality of."
],
"links": [
[
"exhaust",
"exhaust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sapling"
},
"expansion": "sapling",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from sapling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)",
"text": "I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack."
],
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
],
[
"blackjack",
"blackjack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ploertendoder"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matraque"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leather-covered hand weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manganello"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sapling"
},
"expansion": "sapling",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from sapling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)",
"text": "[A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight."
},
{
"ref": "1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain",
"text": "And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike with a sap (with a blackjack)."
],
"links": [
[
"blackjack",
"blackjack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack)."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strike with a sap",
"word": "knuppelen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sap fagot"
},
{
"word": "sapper"
},
{
"word": "sap roller"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "saper"
},
"expansion": "French saper",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zapar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zapar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "zappare"
},
"expansion": "Italian zappare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sape",
"t": "sort of scythe"
},
"expansion": "sape (“sort of scythe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "sappa",
"t": "sort of mattock"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (plural saps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"parallel",
"parallel"
],
[
"glacis",
"glacis"
],
[
"covert",
"covert"
],
[
"besiege",
"besiege"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"gabion",
"gabion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrit okop",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "покрит окоп"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"word": "katettu juoksuhauta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sape"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Laufgraben"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skotgröf"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fo-chlash"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sápa",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "са́па"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skyttegrav"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "narrow ditch or trench",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "löpgrav"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Liquids",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "saper"
},
"expansion": "French saper",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zapar"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zapar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "zappare"
},
"expansion": "Italian zappare",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "sape",
"t": "sort of scythe"
},
"expansion": "sape (“sort of scythe”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "sappa",
"t": "sort of mattock"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of."
],
"links": [
[
"subvert",
"subvert"
],
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"wearing away",
"wear away"
],
[
"mine",
"mine"
],
[
"undermine",
"undermine"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"To pierce with saps."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, military) To pierce with saps."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells",
"text": "Ring out the grief that saps the mind[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken."
],
"links": [
[
"unstable",
"unstable"
],
[
"infirm",
"infirm"
],
[
"unsettle",
"unsettle"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sap one’s conscience",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "he saps my energy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To gradually weaken."
],
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To gradually weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps."
],
"links": [
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"execute",
"execute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkopavam",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "подкопавам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "ondergraven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "kaivaa maata alta (object in genitive before alta)",
"sense": "undermine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "saper"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "miner"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "sapar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "scalzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "minare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "săpa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "submina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "zapar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "undermine",
"word": "socavar"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "pierce with saps",
"word": "towl"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "verzwakken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "uuvuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "indebolire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "fiaccare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "make unstable; weaken",
"word": "logorare"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztoštavam",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "изтощавам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "knagen aan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "aantasten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "heikentää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "kuluttaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "aufzehren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "erschöpfen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "whakangoikore"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istoščatʹ",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "истощать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "issušátʹ",
"sense": "gradually weaken",
"word": "иссуша́ть"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "proceed by mining",
"word": "ondermijnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "proceed by mining",
"word": "ondergraven"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sap (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "sap"
}
{
"called_from": "XYZunsorted",
"msg": "sap/English/verb: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"kaivaa maata alta (object in genitive before alta)\", \"sense\": \"undermine\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with topic categories using raw markup\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms borrowed from French\", \"English terms derived from French\", \"English terms derived from Late Latin\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/æp\", \"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable\", \"en:Liquids\", \"en:Weapons\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fr\", \"3\": \"saper\"}, \"expansion\": \"French saper\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"zapar\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish zapar\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"zappare\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian zappare\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"sape\", \"t\": \"sort of scythe\"}, \"expansion\": \"sape (“sort of scythe”)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"LL.\", \"3\": \"sappa\", \"t\": \"sort of mattock\"}, \"expansion\": \"Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"saps\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"sapping\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"sapped\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"sapped\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.\"], \"links\": [[\"subvert\", \"subvert\"], [\"dig\", \"dig\"], [\"wearing away\", \"wear away\"], [\"mine\", \"mine\"], [\"undermine\", \"undermine\"], [\"destroy\", \"destroy\"], [\"foundation\", \"foundation\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English transitive verbs\", \"en:Military\"], \"glosses\": [\"To pierce with saps.\"], \"links\": [[\"military\", \"military\"], [\"pierce\", \"pierce\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, military) To pierce with saps.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"], \"topics\": [\"government\", \"military\", \"politics\", \"war\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells\", \"text\": \"Ring out the grief that saps the mind[…]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.\"], \"links\": [[\"unstable\", \"unstable\"], [\"infirm\", \"infirm\"], [\"unsettle\", \"unsettle\"], [\"weaken\", \"weaken\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"to sap one’s conscience\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"he saps my energy\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To gradually weaken.\"], \"links\": [[\"weaken\", \"weaken\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To gradually weaken.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.\"], \"links\": [[\"proceed\", \"proceed\"], [\"execute\", \"execute\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/sæp/\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-æp\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-sap.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg/En-us-sap.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-sap.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"podkopavam\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"подкопавам\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"ondermijnen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"aantasten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"ondergraven\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"kaivaa maata alta (object in genitive before alta)\", \"sense\": \"undermine\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"saper\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"miner\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"sapar\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"scalzare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"minare\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"socavar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"săpa\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"submina\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"zapar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"undermine\", \"word\": \"socavar\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"pierce with saps\", \"word\": \"towl\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"ondermijnen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"verzwakken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"aantasten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"uuvuttaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"heikentää\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"indebolire\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"fiaccare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"make unstable; weaken\", \"word\": \"logorare\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"iztoštavam\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"изтощавам\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"ondermijnen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"knagen aan\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"aantasten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"heikentää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"kuluttaa\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"aufzehren\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"erschöpfen\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"whakangoikore\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"istoščatʹ\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"истощать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"issušátʹ\", \"sense\": \"gradually weaken\", \"word\": \"иссуша́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"proceed by mining\", \"word\": \"ondermijnen\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"proceed by mining\", \"word\": \"ondergraven\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"sap (disambiguation)\"], \"word\": \"sap\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "sap",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.