"minus" meaning in English

See minus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈmaɪnəs/ Audio: En-us-minus.ogg [US]
enPR: mīn-əs Rhymes: -aɪnəs Etymology: From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*mey- (small)}}, {{inh|en|enm|mynus}} Middle English mynus, {{der|en|la|minus}} Latin minus, {{m|la|minor}} minor, {{m|la|parvus||small, little}} parvus (“small, little”), {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*mey-||few, small}} *mey- (“few, small”) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} minus (not comparable)
  1. Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction. Tags: not-comparable Translations (negative): ⁧سَالِب⁩ (sālib) (Arabic), բացասական (bacʿasakan) (Armenian), отрицателен (otricatelen) (Bulgarian), (fù) (Chinese Mandarin), min (Dutch), negatief (Dutch), negatieve (Dutch), negatiivinen (Finnish), strictement négatif [masculine] (French), strictement négative [feminine] (French), αρνητικός (arnitikós) (Greek), mínusz (Hungarian), negatív (Hungarian), mínus- (Icelandic), sem lýtur að frádrætti (Icelandic), frádráttar- (Icelandic), neikvæður (Icelandic), minni en núll (Icelandic), negativo [masculine] (Italian), negativa [feminine] (Italian), (fu) (Japanese), negativ (Norwegian), ujemny (Polish), negativo [masculine] (Portuguese), отрица́тельный (otricátelʹnyj) (Russian), negativ (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-adj-zzWYYQ8c Disambiguation of 'negative': 100 0 0 0
  2. That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale. Tags: not-comparable Synonyms (on the negative part of a scale): below zero (english: after the noun) Translations (on the negative part of a scale): մինուս (minus) (Armenian), minus (Basque), min (Dutch), onder nul (note: after the noun) (Dutch), minus (Esperanto), miinus (Finnish), pakkanen (note: of temperatures) (Finnish), moins (French), μείον (meíon) (Greek), πλην (plin) (Greek), mínusz (Hungarian), mínus- (Icelandic), neikvæður (Icelandic), minni en núll (Icelandic), マイナス (mainasu) (Japanese), ми́нус (mínus) (Russian), minus (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-adj-0cjwZwLF Disambiguation of 'on the negative part of a scale': 13 47 27 13 Disambiguation of 'on the negative part of a scale': 13 47 27 13
  3. (colloquial, obsolete) Worse off than before; out of pocket. Tags: colloquial, not-comparable, obsolete
    Sense id: en-minus-en-adj-xA1luEaP
  4. (postpositive) Ranking just below (a designated rating). Tags: not-comparable, postpositional Translations (ranking just below a designated rating): miinus (Finnish), miikka [slang] (Finnish), moins (French), alá (Hungarian), mínus (Icelandic), с ми́нусом (s mínusom) (Russian), minus (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-adj-42kiNxLW Disambiguation of 'ranking just below a designated rating': 0 7 3 90
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: negative [negative] Derived forms: A minus, F minus, pi-minus

Noun

IPA: /ˈmaɪnəs/ Audio: En-us-minus.ogg [US] Forms: minuses [plural], minusses [plural]
enPR: mīn-əs Rhymes: -aɪnəs Etymology: From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*mey- (small)}}, {{inh|en|enm|mynus}} Middle English mynus, {{der|en|la|minus}} Latin minus, {{m|la|minor}} minor, {{m|la|parvus||small, little}} parvus (“small, little”), {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*mey-||few, small}} *mey- (“few, small”) Head templates: {{en-noun|+|minusses}} minus (plural minuses or minusses)
  1. (mathematics) The minus sign (−). Categories (topical): Mathematics
    Sense id: en-minus-en-noun-VCBigmfy Topics: mathematics, sciences
  2. (mathematics) A negative quantity. Categories (topical): Mathematics Translations (mathematics: negative quantity): Minus [neuter] (German), neikvæð tala [feminine] (Icelandic), tala sem er minni en núll [feminine] (Icelandic), (fu) (alt: ) (Japanese), マイナス (mainasu) (Japanese), negativo [masculine] (Portuguese), отрица́тельная величина́ (otricátelʹnaja veličiná) (Russian), negativo [masculine] (Spanish), negativ kvantitet (Swedish), ลบ (lóp) (Thai)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-noun-tOlrjVVX Topics: mathematics, sciences Disambiguation of 'mathematics: negative quantity': 8 92 1
  3. A downside or disadvantage. Translations (downside or disadvantage): mínus [neuter] (Czech), miinus [colloquial] (Finnish), Minus [neuter] (German), mínus [masculine] (Icelandic), ókostur [masculine] (Icelandic), ми́нус (mínus) (Russian), недоста́ток (nedostátok) (Russian), brist (Swedish), minus (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-noun-K-CEMfYV Disambiguation of 'downside or disadvantage': 2 1 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms (defect or deficiency): defect, deficiency, drawback, flaw, shortcoming Derived forms: check minus, hyphen-minus, minus-one, minus-plus sign, plus-minus method, plus-minus sign, plus or minus
Disambiguation of 'defect or deficiency': 35 30 35

Preposition

IPA: /ˈmaɪnəs/ Audio: En-us-minus.ogg [US]
enPR: mīn-əs Rhymes: -aɪnəs Etymology: From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*mey- (small)}}, {{inh|en|enm|mynus}} Middle English mynus, {{der|en|la|minus}} Latin minus, {{m|la|minor}} minor, {{m|la|parvus||small, little}} parvus (“small, little”), {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*mey-||few, small}} *mey- (“few, small”) Head templates: {{head|en|prepositions|head=}} minus, {{en-prep}} minus
  1. (mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity). Categories (topical): Mathematics Translations (mathematics: less): ⁧نَاقَص⁩ (nāqaṣ) (Arabic), ⁧ناقص⁩ (naaʔeṣ) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), հանած (hanac) (Armenian), menos (Asturian), ken (Basque), বিয়োগ (biẏōg) (Bengali), минус (minus) (Bulgarian), menys (Catalan), (Chinese Cantonese), (Chinese Cantonese), (Chinese Mandarin), (jiǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), minus (Czech), mínus (Czech), min (Dutch), minus (Esperanto), miinus (Estonian), miinus (Finnish), pois (Finnish), moins (French), menos (Galician), weniger (German), minus (German), πλην (plin) [neuter] (Greek), μείον (meíon) [neuter] (Greek), ⁧פחות⁩ (pakhót) (Hebrew), ⁧מינוס⁩ (mínus) (Hebrew), कम (kam) (Hindi), घटाकर (ghaṭākar) (Hindi), mínusz (Hungarian), mínus (Icelandic), dikurangi (Indonesian), lúide (Irish), meno (Italian), 引く (hiku) (Japanese), 빼기 (ppaegi) (Korean), минус (minus) (Macedonian), tolak (Malay), कमी (kamī) (Marathi), minus (Norwegian), ⁧منها⁩ (menhâ) (Persian), minus [masculine] (Polish), menos (Portuguese), ми́нус (mínus) (Russian), menos (Spanish), minus (Swedish), bawas (Tagalog), கழித்தல் (kaḻittal) (Tamil), ลบ (lóp) (Thai), eksi (Turkish), ⁧منفی⁩ (Urdu), trừ (Vietnamese), namyn (Welsh), ⁧מינוס⁩ (minus) (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-minus-en-prep-1HcJB3Oq Topics: mathematics, sciences Disambiguation of 'mathematics: less': 73 27
  2. (informal) Without; deprived of. Tags: informal Synonyms: lacking, without
    Sense id: en-minus-en-prep-bdX9fRsK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ice-minus, minus sign, T-minus

Verb

IPA: /ˈmaɪnəs/ Audio: En-us-minus.ogg [US] Forms: minuses [present, singular, third-person], minusses [present, singular, third-person], minusing [participle, present], minussing [participle, present], minused [participle, past], minused [past], minussed [participle, past], minussed [past]
enPR: mīn-əs Rhymes: -aɪnəs Etymology: From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*mey- (small)}}, {{inh|en|enm|mynus}} Middle English mynus, {{der|en|la|minus}} Latin minus, {{m|la|minor}} minor, {{m|la|parvus||small, little}} parvus (“small, little”), {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*mey-||few, small}} *mey- (“few, small”) Head templates: {{en-verb|((minus<>,minus<++>))}} minus (third-person singular simple present minuses or minusses, present participle minusing or minussing, simple past and past participle minused or minussed)
  1. (transitive, colloquial) To subtract. Tags: colloquial, transitive Related terms: subtract, subtraction
    Sense id: en-minus-en-verb-qeAki0RB

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for minus meaning in English (29.1kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ice-minus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "minus sign"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "T-minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "minus",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "minus",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "plus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Seven minus two is five.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity)."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-prep-1HcJB3Oq",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "nāqaṣ",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧نَاقَص⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "naaʔeṣ",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "⁧ناقص⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "hanac",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "հանած"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "menos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "ken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "biẏōg",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "বিয়োগ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "minus",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "минус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "menys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "減"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "减"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "減"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiǎn",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "减"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "mínus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "min"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "miinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "miinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "pois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "moins"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "menos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "weniger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "plin",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "πλην"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "meíon",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "μείον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "pakhót",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧פחות⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "mínus",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧מינוס⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kam",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "कम"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ghaṭākar",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "घटाकर"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "mínusz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "mínus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "dikurangi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "lúide"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "meno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hiku",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "引く"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "ppaegi",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "빼기"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "minus",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "минус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "tolak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "kamī",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "कमी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "menhâ",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧منها⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "menos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mínus",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "ми́нус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "menos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "bawas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "kaḻittal",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "கழித்தல்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "lóp",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "ลบ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "eksi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧منفی⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "trừ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "namyn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 27",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "minus",
          "sense": "mathematics: less",
          "word": "⁧מינוס⁩"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I walked out minus my coat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Without; deprived of."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-prep-bdX9fRsK",
      "links": [
        [
          "Without",
          "without"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Without; deprived of."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lacking"
        },
        {
          "word": "without"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "minus sign",
      "word": "plus"
    },
    {
      "sense": "minus sign",
      "word": "plus sign"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "positive"
      ],
      "word": "negative quantity"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "advantage"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "bonus"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "boon"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "gain"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "plus"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "check minus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "hyphen-minus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "minus-one"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "minus-plus sign"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plus-minus method"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plus-minus sign"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plus or minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "minuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+",
        "2": "minusses"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (plural minuses or minusses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1835 January, the Sub-Editor [i.e., Edward Howard], “The Life of a Sub-Editor”, in The Metropolitan Magazine, volume XII, number XLV, London: Saunders and Otley, […], page 427",
          "text": "On the third day a Master Barnard brings me up a slate full of plusses, minusses, x, y, z’s, and other letters of the alphabet, in a most amiable algebraical confusion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The minus sign (−)."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-noun-VCBigmfy",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "minus sign",
          "minus sign"
        ],
        [
          "−",
          "−"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) The minus sign (−)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A negative quantity."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-noun-tOlrjVVX",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) A negative quantity."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "neikvæð tala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tala sem er minni en núll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "alt": "ふ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "fu",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "word": "負"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mainasu",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "word": "マイナス"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "negativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otricátelʹnaja veličiná",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "word": "отрица́тельная величина́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "negativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "word": "negativ kvantitet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 92 1",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "lóp",
          "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
          "word": "ลบ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1989, A[udrey] L[ilian] Barker, The Woman Who Talked to Herself, London: Hutchinson, page 111",
          "text": "He valued Roderick’s friendship with the highest value he put on anything nowadays. Over the years they had assessed each other’s plusses and minusses and settled for the difference.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Peter Wyeth, “[Commentaries] Reason”, in The Matter of Vision: Affective Neurobiology & Cinema, New Barnet, Herts.: John Libbey Publishing Ltd; Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, page 113",
          "text": "As with LCR tout court the question is less to do with the plusses and minusses of the individual ideologies in themselves than in their relationship with their opposite numbers, in this case of Reason with Emotion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A downside or disadvantage."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-noun-K-CEMfYV",
      "links": [
        [
          "downside",
          "downside"
        ],
        [
          "disadvantage",
          "disadvantage"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "mínus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "miinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mínus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ókostur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mínus",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "word": "ми́нус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nedostátok",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "word": "недоста́ток"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "word": "brist"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
          "word": "minus"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "35 30 35",
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "defect"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "35 30 35",
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "deficiency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "35 30 35",
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "drawback"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "35 30 35",
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "flaw"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "35 30 35",
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "shortcoming"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "COBUILD"
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "A minus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "F minus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pi-minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a minus number"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-adj-zzWYYQ8c",
      "links": [
        [
          "negative",
          "negative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "sālib",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "⁧سَالِب⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "bacʿasakan",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "բացասական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otricatelen",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "отрицателен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fù",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "负"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "min"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negatief"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negatieve"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negatiivinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "negative",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "strictement négatif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "negative",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "strictement négative"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "arnitikós",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "αρνητικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "mínusz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negatív"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "mínus-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "sem lýtur að frádrætti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "frádráttar-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "neikvæður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "minni en núll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "negative",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "negativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "negative",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "negativa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "fu",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "負"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negativ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "ujemny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "negative",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "negativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otricátelʹnyj",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "отрица́тельный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "negative",
          "word": "negativ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "minus seven degrees"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-adj-0cjwZwLF",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ],
        [
          "scale",
          "scale"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "english": "after the noun",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "below zero"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "minus",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "մինուս"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "min"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "note": "after the noun",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "onder nul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "minus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "miinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "note": "of temperatures",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "pakkanen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "moins"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "meíon",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "μείον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "plin",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "πλην"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "mínusz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "mínus-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "neikvæður"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "minni en núll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mainasu",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "マイナス"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mínus",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "ми́нус"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 47 27 13",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
          "word": "minus"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 301",
          "text": "The races being finished, we left Epsom for London, Mordaunt's natural vile temper not being at all improved by being three hundred pounds minus by the week's speculation […] ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Worse off than before; out of pocket."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-adj-xA1luEaP",
      "links": [
        [
          "out of pocket",
          "out of pocket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, obsolete) Worse off than before; out of pocket."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "not-comparable",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He got a grade of B minus for his essay."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ranking just below (a designated rating)."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-adj-42kiNxLW",
      "links": [
        [
          "Ranking",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(postpositive) Ranking just below (a designated rating)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "postpositional"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "miinus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "tags": [
            "slang"
          ],
          "word": "miikka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "moins"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "alá"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "mínus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "s mínusom",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "с ми́нусом"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 7 3 90",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
          "word": "minus"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ],
      "word": "negative"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "minuses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "((minus<>,minus<++>))"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (third-person singular simple present minuses or minusses, present participle minusing or minussing, simple past and past participle minused or minussed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1981 March, Kevin F[rancis] Collis, Cognitive Development, Mathematics Learning, Information Processing and a Refocusing, Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Research and Development Center for Individualized Schooling, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 9",
          "text": "For example, in solving the following equation, x + 4 = 9, the child using the negating mechanism will reason, \"minussing 4\" undoes \"plussing 4\" therefore, if x + 4 = 9 then x = 5 and will not see any point in using any intermediate steps.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1990, William T. Scott, “Systems and structures”, in The Possibility of Communication (Approaches to Semiotics; 87), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, page 38",
          "text": "(The terms positive and negative feedback are now part of everyday language where the meanings are reversed: in cybernetic systems, positive feedback is undesirable for it indicates that the discrepancy is “plussing,” rather than “minussing” to zero.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Laura Christine Bofferding, Expanding the Numerical Central Conceptual Structure",
          "text": "Four plus one is 5 and you go down because it's minusing, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Jennifer S. Thom, “Opening Mathematical Spaces of Their Own”, in Re-Rooting the Learning Space: Minding Where Children’s Mathematics Grow (New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education; 21), Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, page 299",
          "text": "But you also minussed! … Sam… Sam also minussed seventy-two but he also… one hundred forty-four minus seventy-two equals seventy-two. He also minussed the seventy-two.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To subtract."
      ],
      "id": "en-minus-en-verb-qeAki0RB",
      "links": [
        [
          "subtract",
          "subtract"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) To subtract."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "subtract"
        },
        {
          "word": "subtraction"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ice-minus"
    },
    {
      "word": "minus sign"
    },
    {
      "word": "T-minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prepositions",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "minus",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "minus",
      "name": "en-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "plus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Seven minus two is five.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "I walked out minus my coat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Without; deprived of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Without",
          "without"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Without; deprived of."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lacking"
        },
        {
          "word": "without"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "nāqaṣ",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧نَاقَص⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "naaʔeṣ",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "⁧ناقص⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hanac",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "հանած"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "menos"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "ken"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "biẏōg",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "বিয়োগ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "minus",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "минус"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "menys"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "減"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "减"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "減"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiǎn",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "减"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "mínus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "min"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "miinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "miinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "pois"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "moins"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "menos"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "weniger"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "plin",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "πλην"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "meíon",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "μείον"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "pakhót",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧פחות⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "mínus",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧מינוס⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kam",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "कम"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ghaṭākar",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "घटाकर"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "mínusz"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "mínus"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "dikurangi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "lúide"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "meno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hiku",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "引く"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "ppaegi",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "빼기"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "minus",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "минус"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "tolak"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "kamī",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "कमी"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "menhâ",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧منها⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "menos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mínus",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "ми́нус"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "menos"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "bawas"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "kaḻittal",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "கழித்தல்"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lóp",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "ลบ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "eksi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧منفی⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "trừ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "namyn"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "minus",
      "sense": "mathematics: less",
      "word": "⁧מינוס⁩"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "minus sign",
      "word": "plus"
    },
    {
      "sense": "minus sign",
      "word": "plus sign"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "positive"
      ],
      "word": "negative quantity"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "advantage"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "bonus"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "boon"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "gain"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "plus"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "check minus"
    },
    {
      "word": "hyphen-minus"
    },
    {
      "word": "minus-one"
    },
    {
      "word": "minus-plus sign"
    },
    {
      "word": "plus-minus method"
    },
    {
      "word": "plus-minus sign"
    },
    {
      "word": "plus or minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "minuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+",
        "2": "minusses"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (plural minuses or minusses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1835 January, the Sub-Editor [i.e., Edward Howard], “The Life of a Sub-Editor”, in The Metropolitan Magazine, volume XII, number XLV, London: Saunders and Otley, […], page 427",
          "text": "On the third day a Master Barnard brings me up a slate full of plusses, minusses, x, y, z’s, and other letters of the alphabet, in a most amiable algebraical confusion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The minus sign (−)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "minus sign",
          "minus sign"
        ],
        [
          "−",
          "−"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) The minus sign (−)."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A negative quantity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "quantity",
          "quantity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) A negative quantity."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1989, A[udrey] L[ilian] Barker, The Woman Who Talked to Herself, London: Hutchinson, page 111",
          "text": "He valued Roderick’s friendship with the highest value he put on anything nowadays. Over the years they had assessed each other’s plusses and minusses and settled for the difference.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Peter Wyeth, “[Commentaries] Reason”, in The Matter of Vision: Affective Neurobiology & Cinema, New Barnet, Herts.: John Libbey Publishing Ltd; Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, page 113",
          "text": "As with LCR tout court the question is less to do with the plusses and minusses of the individual ideologies in themselves than in their relationship with their opposite numbers, in this case of Reason with Emotion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A downside or disadvantage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "downside",
          "downside"
        ],
        [
          "disadvantage",
          "disadvantage"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "defect"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "deficiency"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "drawback"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "flaw"
    },
    {
      "sense": "defect or deficiency",
      "word": "shortcoming"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "neikvæð tala"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tala sem er minni en núll"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ふ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fu",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "word": "負"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mainasu",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "word": "マイナス"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "negativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otricátelʹnaja veličiná",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "word": "отрица́тельная величина́"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "negativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "word": "negativ kvantitet"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lóp",
      "sense": "mathematics: negative quantity",
      "word": "ลบ"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mínus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "miinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mínus"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ókostur"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mínus",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "word": "ми́нус"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nedostátok",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "word": "недоста́ток"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "word": "brist"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "downside or disadvantage",
      "word": "minus"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "COBUILD"
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "A minus"
    },
    {
      "word": "F minus"
    },
    {
      "word": "pi-minus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a minus number"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "negative",
          "negative"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "minus seven degrees"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ],
        [
          "scale",
          "scale"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 301",
          "text": "The races being finished, we left Epsom for London, Mordaunt's natural vile temper not being at all improved by being three hundred pounds minus by the week's speculation […] ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Worse off than before; out of pocket."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "out of pocket",
          "out of pocket"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, obsolete) Worse off than before; out of pocket."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "not-comparable",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He got a grade of B minus for his essay."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ranking just below (a designated rating)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Ranking",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(postpositive) Ranking just below (a designated rating)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "postpositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ],
      "word": "negative"
    },
    {
      "english": "after the noun",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "below zero"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "sālib",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "⁧سَالِب⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "bacʿasakan",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "բացասական"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otricatelen",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "отрицателен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fù",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "负"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "min"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negatief"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negatieve"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negatiivinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "negative",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "strictement négatif"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "negative",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "strictement négative"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "arnitikós",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "αρνητικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "mínusz"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negatív"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "mínus-"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "sem lýtur að frádrætti"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "frádráttar-"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "neikvæður"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "minni en núll"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "negative",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "negativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "negative",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "negativa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "fu",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "負"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "ujemny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "negative",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "negativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otricátelʹnyj",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "отрица́тельный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "negative",
      "word": "negativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "minus",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "մինուս"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "min"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "note": "after the noun",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "onder nul"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "miinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "note": "of temperatures",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "pakkanen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "moins"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "meíon",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "μείον"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "plin",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "πλην"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "mínusz"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "mínus-"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "neikvæður"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "minni en núll"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mainasu",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "マイナス"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mínus",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "ми́нус"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "on the negative part of a scale",
      "word": "minus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "miinus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "miikka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "moins"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "alá"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "mínus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "s mínusom",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "с ми́нусом"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "ranking just below a designated rating",
      "word": "minus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mey- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "mynus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English mynus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "minus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin minus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "minor"
      },
      "expansion": "minor",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "parvus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small, little"
      },
      "expansion": "parvus (“small, little”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "*mey- (“few, small”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "minuses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusses",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minusing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minused",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minused",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "minussed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "((minus<>,minus<++>))"
      },
      "expansion": "minus (third-person singular simple present minuses or minusses, present participle minusing or minussing, simple past and past participle minused or minussed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "subtract"
    },
    {
      "word": "subtraction"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1981 March, Kevin F[rancis] Collis, Cognitive Development, Mathematics Learning, Information Processing and a Refocusing, Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Research and Development Center for Individualized Schooling, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 9",
          "text": "For example, in solving the following equation, x + 4 = 9, the child using the negating mechanism will reason, \"minussing 4\" undoes \"plussing 4\" therefore, if x + 4 = 9 then x = 5 and will not see any point in using any intermediate steps.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1990, William T. Scott, “Systems and structures”, in The Possibility of Communication (Approaches to Semiotics; 87), Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, page 38",
          "text": "(The terms positive and negative feedback are now part of everyday language where the meanings are reversed: in cybernetic systems, positive feedback is undesirable for it indicates that the discrepancy is “plussing,” rather than “minussing” to zero.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Laura Christine Bofferding, Expanding the Numerical Central Conceptual Structure",
          "text": "Four plus one is 5 and you go down because it's minusing, […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012, Jennifer S. Thom, “Opening Mathematical Spaces of Their Own”, in Re-Rooting the Learning Space: Minding Where Children’s Mathematics Grow (New Directions in Mathematics and Science Education; 21), Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, page 299",
          "text": "But you also minussed! … Sam… Sam also minussed seventy-two but he also… one hundred forty-four minus seventy-two equals seventy-two. He also minussed the seventy-two.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To subtract."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subtract",
          "subtract"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) To subtract."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmaɪnəs/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-minus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg/En-us-minus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/En-us-minus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "mīn-əs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "minus"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.