See fell in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "little strokes fell great oaks"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fellen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fellan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fallijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallijaną",
"t": "to fell, to cause to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallaną",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁-",
"4": "*h₂peh₃lH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vellen",
"t": "to fell, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fällen",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "German fällen (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fælde",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish fælde (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "felle",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian felle (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.\nCognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "felling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "felled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "felled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (third-person singular simple present fells, present participle felling, simple past and past participle felled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Stand, or I'll fell thee down.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 2, Aled Williams, “Swansea 2 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport Wales:",
"text": "Sinclair opened Swansea's account from the spot on 8 minutes after a Ryan Shawcross tackle had felled Wayne Routledge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 219:",
"text": "As southeast Asia's forests were felled, the rhino's habitat shrank and became fragmented.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-verb-YIfaNS7z",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povaljam",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "повалям"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎbarjam",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "събарям"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kácet"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "skácet"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fælde"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "vellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "dehaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fella"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kaataa"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abattre"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "faire tomber"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fällen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kivág"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kidönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "ledönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "leikata"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "halettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abbattere"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "whakahinga"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "fellan"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
],
"word": "fiellan"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "andâxtan",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "انداختن"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beh zamin zadan",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "به زمین زدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abater"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "derrubar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valítʹ",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вали́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povalítʹ",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "повали́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "poraziť"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "talar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fälla"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrubáty",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зруба́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 11 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrúbuvaty",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зру́бувати"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 33 5 11 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 27 6 19 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 32 6 11 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Chessmen of Mars, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2010:",
"text": "Gahan, horrified, saw the latter's head topple from its body, saw the body stagger and fall to the ground. ... The creature that had felled its companion was dashing madly in the direction of the hill upon which he was hidden, it dodged one of the workers that sought to seize it. … Then it was that Gahan's eyes chanced to return to the figure of the creature the fugitive had felled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 19:",
"text": "\"Even in his most temperate moments he is constantly felling people with a hunting-crop.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 September 27, Christina Passariello, “Prodos Capital, Samsung Make Final Cut for Ferré”, in Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2012-08-26:",
"text": "… could make Ferré the first major fashion label felled by the economic crisis to come out the other end of restructuring.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 January 17, “What Weiner Reveals About Huma Abedin”, in Vanity Fair, retrieved 2016-01-21:",
"text": "This Sunday marks the debut of Weiner, a documentary that follows former congressman Anthony Weiner in his attempt to overcome a sexting scandal and run for mayor of New York City—only to be felled, somewhat inexplicably, by another sexting scandal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike down, kill, destroy."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-verb-BperV5dD",
"links": [
[
"kill",
"kill"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To strike down, kill, destroy."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "fælde"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "kaataa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "leterít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "leüt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zabić"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sewing",
"orig": "en:Sewing",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 9 12 6 0 4 15 0 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 12 11 3 1 3 9 1 1 8 8 1 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 5 6 11 3 0 2 8 0 1 3 4 0 3 1 2 9 0 0 1 8 1 2 6 0 3 0 0 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 20 1 8 11 12 4 6 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 31 5 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 26 3 6 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 27 8 14 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 30 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 29 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 11 15 4 1 3 10 1 4 6 6 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 25 7 13 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 29 6 11 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 23 4 16 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 29 6 11 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 30 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 29 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 33 5 11 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 30 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 27 6 19 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 29 5 9 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 27 5 9 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 29 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 32 6 11 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 11 15 4 1 3 9 1 5 6 7 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 29 6 10 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 17 5 1 4 14 1 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 16 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "en:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Colette Wolff, The Art of Manipulating Fabric, page 296:",
"text": "To fell seam allowances, catch the lining underneath before emerging 1/4\" (6mm) ahead, and 1/8\" (3mm) to 1/4\" (6mm) into the seam allowance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-verb-SUt9IyxS",
"links": [
[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sewing) To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 5 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat",
"word": "päärmätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 5 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat",
"word": "beszeg"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fell stitch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fellen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fellan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fallijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallijaną",
"t": "to fell, to cause to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallaną",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁-",
"4": "*h₂peh₃lH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vellen",
"t": "to fell, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fällen",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "German fällen (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fælde",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish fælde (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "felle",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian felle (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.\nCognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cutting-down of timber."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-axWfUziC",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cutting-down of timber",
"word": "hakkuu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 11 33 5 11 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 27 6 19 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stitching down of a fold of cloth; specifically, the portion of a kilt, from the waist to the seat, where the pleats are stitched down."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-LL2BXE5n",
"links": [
[
"stitching",
"stitching"
],
[
"kilt",
"kilt"
],
[
"pleat",
"pleat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Textiles",
"orig": "en:Textiles",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 9 12 6 0 4 15 0 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 33 5 11 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 27 6 19 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 32 6 11 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 17 5 1 4 14 1 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 16 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "en:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-MjYTHfx1",
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"web",
"web"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"weft",
"weft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(textiles) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fellmaker"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel- (skin)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fellą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel-",
"4": "*pél-no-",
"5": "skin, animal hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pél-no- (“skin, animal hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Fell"
},
"expansion": "German Fell",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellis",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin pellis (“skin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnė",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plėnė (“skin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "плена́",
"3": "",
"4": "pelt"
},
"expansion": "Russian плена́ (plená, “pelt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plah",
"3": "",
"4": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Albanian plah (“to cover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλλᾱς",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέλλᾱς (péllās, “skin”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fell, fel, vel, from Old English fel, fell (“hide, skin, pelt”), from Proto-West Germanic *fell, from Proto-Germanic *fellą, from Proto-Indo-European *pél-no- (“skin, animal hide”).\nSee also West Frisian fel, Dutch vel, German Fell, Latin pellis (“skin”), Lithuanian plėnė (“skin”), Russian плена́ (plená, “pelt”), Albanian plah (“to cover”), Ancient Greek πέλλᾱς (péllās, “skin”). Related to film, felt, pell, and pelt.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], line 35:",
"text": "Why, we are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are greasy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An animal skin, hide, pelt."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-en:pelt",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:pelt"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kozina",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "козина"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "runo",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "руно"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"word": "talja"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"word": "vuota"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fell"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fäll"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 23 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:",
"text": "For he is fader of feith · fourmed ȝow alle / Bothe with fel and with face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human skin (now only as a metaphorical use of previous sense)."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-ixOMslcu"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Campsie Fells"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fellfield"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fell runner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fell running"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Goat Fell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Low Fell"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fell",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fjell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål fjell",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fjeld"
},
"expansion": "Danish fjeld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*felzą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *felzą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Felsen"
},
"expansion": "German Felsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vels"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vels",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "aill",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder, cliff"
},
"expansion": "Irish aill (“boulder, cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλλα",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέλλα (pélla, “stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "پرښه",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, rocky ledge",
"tr": "parṣ̌a"
},
"expansion": "Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a, “rock, rocky ledge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाषाण",
"3": "",
"4": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fell, felle (“hill, mountain”), from Old Norse fell, fjall (“rock, mountain”), compare Norwegian Bokmål fjell 'mountain', Danish fjeld 'mountain', from Proto-Germanic *felzą, *fel(e)zaz, *falisaz (compare German Felsen 'boulder, cliff', Middle Low German vels 'hill, mountain'), from Proto-Indo-European *pels-; compare Irish aill (“boulder, cliff”), Ancient Greek πέλλα (pélla, “stone”), Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a, “rock, rocky ledge”), Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone”). Doublet of fjeld.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 23 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886, Amelia Edith Huddleston Barr, The Squire of Sandal-Side : A Pastoral Romance:",
"text": "Every now and then the sea calls some farmer or shepherd, and the restless drop in his veins gives him no peace till he has found his way over the hills and fells to the port of Whitehaven, and gone back to the cradling bosom that rocked his ancestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit:",
"text": "The dwarves of yore made mighty spells, / While hammers fell like ringing bells, / In places deep, where dark things sleep, / In hollow halls beneath the fells.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, James Herriot, If Only They Could Talk:",
"text": "I got out and from where I stood, high at the head, I could see all of the strangely formed cleft in the hills, its steep sides grooved and furrowed by countless streams feeding the boisterous Halden Beck which tumbled over its rocky bed far below. Down there, were trees and some cultivated fields, but immediately behind me the wild country came crowding in on the bowl where the farmhouse lay. Halsten Pike, Alstang, Birnside—the huge fells with their barbarous names were very near.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Catherine Cookson, The Dwelling Place:",
"text": "She didn't know at first why she stepped off the road and climbed the bank on to the fells; it wasn't until she found herself skirting a disused quarry that she realised where she was making for, and when she reached the place she stood and gazed at it. It was a hollow within an outcrop of rock, not large enough to call a cave but deep enough to shelter eight people from the rain, and with room to spare.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rocky ridge or chain of mountains."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-en:ridge",
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Northern England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Northern England, Scotland) A rocky ridge or chain of mountains."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ridge"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skalist sklon",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "скалист склон"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "tunturi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "kukkula"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "mäki"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fell"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjall"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjell"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjäll"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 23 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 11 p. 174:",
"text": "As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith and Fell;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1948 March and April, O. S. Nock, “Scottish Night Mails of the L.M.S.R.—2”, in Railway Magazine, page 77:",
"text": "The night continued beautifully clear and fine, and as we came into the fell country the outlines of the hills showed up dark against the starlit sky.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 57:",
"text": "And there are few better ways to enjoy the rugged bleakness of the fells than from a nice warm train, especially when the weather's constantly changing as the day slips away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 29, Metro, London, page 15, column 3:",
"text": "An artist dubbed the Borrowdale Banksy has created this slate work on a Lake District fell after past efforts were vandalised.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wild field or upland moor."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-JygW0gcL",
"links": [
[
"field",
"field"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Northern England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Northern England, Scotland) A wild field or upland moor."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wild field or upland moor",
"word": "hed"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old French fel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English *fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fali"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fali",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*faluz",
"t": "wicked, cruel, terrifying"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fal",
"t": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian fal (“cruel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fel",
"t": "wrathful, cruel, bad, base"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fell",
"t": "rash, swift"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fell (“rash, swift”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"t": "disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim"
},
"expansion": "Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"t": "imp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vālant (“imp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fel",
"t": "fierce, feisty, bitter"
},
"expansion": "Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), either from Old French fel or from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *fali, *falu, from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”). Compare also Middle High German vālant (“imp”) and Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”). See felon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "feller",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "fellest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "fell (comparative feller, superlative fellest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one fell swoop",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:",
"text": "[…]While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:",
"text": "And many a serpent of fell kind, / With wings before, and stings behind",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1862, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London:",
"text": "[…] but if it be solitary with the position of an incisor, will it even then bear out Professor Owen's hypothesis, that Thylacoleo, which he infers to have been one of “the fellest and most destructive of predatory beasts, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:",
"text": "The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XIX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "No words had been exchanged between Upjohn and self on the journey out, but the glimpses I had caught of his face from the corner of the eyes had told me that he was grim and resolute, his supply of the milk of human kindness plainly short by several gallons. No hope, it seemed to me, of turning him from his fell purpose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a strong and cruel nature; eager and unsparing; grim; fierce; ruthless; savage."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-adj-XHfuKZWv",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"eager",
"eager"
],
[
"unsparing",
"unsparing"
],
[
"grim",
"grim"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 9 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a strong and cruel nature",
"word": "hirveä"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 9 1 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a strong and cruel nature",
"word": "grym"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 11 15 4 1 3 10 1 4 6 6 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 11 15 4 1 3 9 1 5 6 7 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent"
],
"id": "en-fell-en-adj-Hm8CZYeA",
"links": [
[
"fiery",
"fiery"
],
[
"biting",
"biting"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"pungent",
"pungent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) Strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 87 1 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 11 15 4 1 3 10 1 4 6 6 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 11 15 4 1 3 9 1 5 6 7 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very large; huge."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-adj-SD3A6NnL",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) Very large; huge."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 99 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "very large; huge",
"word": "suunnaton"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 8 9 12 6 0 4 15 0 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 4 5 6 11 3 0 2 8 0 1 3 4 0 3 1 2 9 0 0 1 8 1 2 6 0 3 0 0 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 11 15 4 1 3 10 1 4 6 6 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 11 15 4 1 3 9 1 5 6 7 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 24 25 32 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 17 5 1 4 14 1 1 6 6 0 5 1 3 16 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "en:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 5 17 4 1 11 11 1 10 4 4 3 3 0 1 13 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kilts",
"orig": "en:Kilts",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667 January 25 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “January 15th, 1666–1667”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VI, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC:",
"text": "I am so fell to my business.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Eager; earnest; intent."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-adj-f9lFJIKo",
"links": [
[
"Eager",
"eager"
],
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Eager; earnest; intent."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 6 0 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "eager; earnest; intent",
"word": "sitoutunut"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old French fel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English *fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fali"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fali",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*faluz",
"t": "wicked, cruel, terrifying"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fal",
"t": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian fal (“cruel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fel",
"t": "wrathful, cruel, bad, base"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fell",
"t": "rash, swift"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fell (“rash, swift”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"t": "disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim"
},
"expansion": "Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"t": "imp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vālant (“imp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fel",
"t": "fierce, feisty, bitter"
},
"expansion": "Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), either from Old French fel or from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *fali, *falu, from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”). Compare also Middle High German vālant (“imp”) and Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”). See felon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fell",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fell",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (comparative more fell, superlative most fell)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fellness"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sharply; fiercely."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-adv-MYJ7oJAR",
"links": [
[
"Sharply",
"sharply"
],
[
"fiercely",
"fiercely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fel",
"4": "",
"5": "gall, poison, bitterness"
},
"expansion": "Latin fel (“gall, poison, bitterness”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Latin fel (“gall, poison, bitterness”), or more probably from the adjective above.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fell (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885–1887, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “[Poem 45]”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 66:",
"text": "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day. / What hours, O what black hoürs we have spent / This night!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anger; gall; melancholy."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-JMavvKfI",
"links": [
[
"Anger",
"anger#Noun"
],
[
"gall",
"gall#Noun"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) Anger; gall; melancholy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "fell",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The finer portions of ore, which go through the meshes when the ore is sorted by sifting."
],
"id": "en-fell-en-noun-dzP2Hgzh",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
],
[
"mesh",
"mesh"
],
[
"sift",
"sift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) The finer portions of ore, which go through the meshes when the ore is sorted by sifting."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fell",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past of fall"
],
"id": "en-fell-en-verb-tA7Dbv11",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1650, Micheel Sandivogius, translated by J. F., A New Light of Alchymie: Taken Out of the Fountaine of Nature, and Manuall Experience […] , London: Richard Cotes, page 121:",
"text": "For I have heard that my Enemies have fell into that ſnare which they laid for mee. They which would have taken away my life have loſt their own;[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Thomas Bennett, The Life and Remarkable Conversion of T. Bennett, Etc. [Written by Himself.], London, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "I ſhould have fell overboard, or been killed by the enemy ; for having ſo many things to carry along with me, which I knew not how to uſe[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 3, John McGahern, Collected Stories, Faber & Faber, →ISBN, page 147:",
"text": "And when it got to ten past I said you must have fell in with company, but I was beginning to get worried.' 'You know I never fall in with company,' he protested irritably. 'I always leave the Royal at ten to, never a minute more nor less.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of fall"
],
"id": "en-fell-en-verb-1Jqz3T9u",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial) past participle of fall"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "little strokes fell great oaks"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fellen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fellan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fallijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallijaną",
"t": "to fell, to cause to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallaną",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁-",
"4": "*h₂peh₃lH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vellen",
"t": "to fell, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fällen",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "German fällen (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fælde",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish fælde (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "felle",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian felle (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.\nCognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "felling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "felled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "felled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (third-person singular simple present fells, present participle felling, simple past and past participle felled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Stand, or I'll fell thee down.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 2, Aled Williams, “Swansea 2 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport Wales:",
"text": "Sinclair opened Swansea's account from the spot on 8 minutes after a Ryan Shawcross tackle had felled Wayne Routledge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 219:",
"text": "As southeast Asia's forests were felled, the rhino's habitat shrank and became fragmented.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree."
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Chessmen of Mars, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2010:",
"text": "Gahan, horrified, saw the latter's head topple from its body, saw the body stagger and fall to the ground. ... The creature that had felled its companion was dashing madly in the direction of the hill upon which he was hidden, it dodged one of the workers that sought to seize it. … Then it was that Gahan's eyes chanced to return to the figure of the creature the fugitive had felled.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 19:",
"text": "\"Even in his most temperate moments he is constantly felling people with a hunting-crop.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 September 27, Christina Passariello, “Prodos Capital, Samsung Make Final Cut for Ferré”, in Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2012-08-26:",
"text": "… could make Ferré the first major fashion label felled by the economic crisis to come out the other end of restructuring.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 January 17, “What Weiner Reveals About Huma Abedin”, in Vanity Fair, retrieved 2016-01-21:",
"text": "This Sunday marks the debut of Weiner, a documentary that follows former congressman Anthony Weiner in his attempt to overcome a sexting scandal and run for mayor of New York City—only to be felled, somewhat inexplicably, by another sexting scandal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike down, kill, destroy."
],
"links": [
[
"kill",
"kill"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To strike down, kill, destroy."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Sewing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Colette Wolff, The Art of Manipulating Fabric, page 296:",
"text": "To fell seam allowances, catch the lining underneath before emerging 1/4\" (6mm) ahead, and 1/8\" (3mm) to 1/4\" (6mm) into the seam allowance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat."
],
"links": [
[
"sewing",
"sewing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sewing) To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"sewing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povaljam",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "повалям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎbarjam",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "събарям"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kácet"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "skácet"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fælde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "vellen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "dehaki"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kaataa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "hakata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abattre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "faire tomber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fällen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kivág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "kidönt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "ledönt"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "leikata"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "halettaa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abbattere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "whakahinga"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "fellan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
],
"word": "fiellan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "andâxtan",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "انداختن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beh zamin zadan",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "به زمین زدن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "abater"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "derrubar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valítʹ",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вали́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povalítʹ",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "повали́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "poraziť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "talar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "cortar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"word": "fälla"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrubáty",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зруба́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zrúbuvaty",
"sense": "to make something fall",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зру́бувати"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "fælde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "kaataa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "leterít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"word": "leüt"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to strike down, kill, destroy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zabić"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat",
"word": "päärmätä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat",
"word": "beszeg"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fell stitch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fellen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fellen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English fellan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fallijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fallijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallijaną",
"t": "to fell, to cause to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fallaną",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃elh₁-",
"4": "*h₂peh₃lH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vellen",
"t": "to fell, cut down"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fällen",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "German fällen (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fælde",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish fælde (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "felle",
"t": "to fell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian felle (“to fell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.\nCognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cutting-down of timber."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The stitching down of a fold of cloth; specifically, the portion of a kilt, from the waist to the seat, where the pleats are stitched down."
],
"links": [
[
"stitching",
"stitching"
],
[
"kilt",
"kilt"
],
[
"pleat",
"pleat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Textiles"
],
"glosses": [
"The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft."
],
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"web",
"web"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"weft",
"weft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(textiles) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cutting-down of timber",
"word": "hakkuu"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (skin)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fellmaker"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel- (skin)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fellą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel-",
"4": "*pél-no-",
"5": "skin, animal hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pél-no- (“skin, animal hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian fel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Fell"
},
"expansion": "German Fell",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellis",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Latin pellis (“skin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnė",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plėnė (“skin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "плена́",
"3": "",
"4": "pelt"
},
"expansion": "Russian плена́ (plená, “pelt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plah",
"3": "",
"4": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Albanian plah (“to cover”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλλᾱς",
"3": "",
"4": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέλλᾱς (péllās, “skin”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fell, fel, vel, from Old English fel, fell (“hide, skin, pelt”), from Proto-West Germanic *fell, from Proto-Germanic *fellą, from Proto-Indo-European *pél-no- (“skin, animal hide”).\nSee also West Frisian fel, Dutch vel, German Fell, Latin pellis (“skin”), Lithuanian plėnė (“skin”), Russian плена́ (plená, “pelt”), Albanian plah (“to cover”), Ancient Greek πέλλᾱς (péllās, “skin”). Related to film, felt, pell, and pelt.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], line 35:",
"text": "Why, we are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are greasy.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An animal skin, hide, pelt."
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:pelt"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:",
"text": "For he is fader of feith · fourmed ȝow alle / Bothe with fel and with face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Human skin (now only as a metaphorical use of previous sense)."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kozina",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "козина"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "runo",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "руно"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"word": "talja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"word": "vuota"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fell"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "animal hide",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fäll"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Campsie Fells"
},
{
"word": "fellfield"
},
{
"word": "fell runner"
},
{
"word": "fell running"
},
{
"word": "Goat Fell"
},
{
"word": "Low Fell"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "fell"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fell",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fjell"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål fjell",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fjeld"
},
"expansion": "Danish fjeld",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*felzą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *felzą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Felsen"
},
"expansion": "German Felsen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vels"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vels",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "aill",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder, cliff"
},
"expansion": "Irish aill (“boulder, cliff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλλα",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέλλα (pélla, “stone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "پرښه",
"3": "",
"4": "rock, rocky ledge",
"tr": "parṣ̌a"
},
"expansion": "Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a, “rock, rocky ledge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पाषाण",
"3": "",
"4": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fell, felle (“hill, mountain”), from Old Norse fell, fjall (“rock, mountain”), compare Norwegian Bokmål fjell 'mountain', Danish fjeld 'mountain', from Proto-Germanic *felzą, *fel(e)zaz, *falisaz (compare German Felsen 'boulder, cliff', Middle Low German vels 'hill, mountain'), from Proto-Indo-European *pels-; compare Irish aill (“boulder, cliff”), Ancient Greek πέλλα (pélla, “stone”), Pashto پرښه (parṣ̌a, “rock, rocky ledge”), Sanskrit पाषाण (pāṣāṇa, “stone”). Doublet of fjeld.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fells",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (plural fells)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886, Amelia Edith Huddleston Barr, The Squire of Sandal-Side : A Pastoral Romance:",
"text": "Every now and then the sea calls some farmer or shepherd, and the restless drop in his veins gives him no peace till he has found his way over the hills and fells to the port of Whitehaven, and gone back to the cradling bosom that rocked his ancestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit:",
"text": "The dwarves of yore made mighty spells, / While hammers fell like ringing bells, / In places deep, where dark things sleep, / In hollow halls beneath the fells.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1970, James Herriot, If Only They Could Talk:",
"text": "I got out and from where I stood, high at the head, I could see all of the strangely formed cleft in the hills, its steep sides grooved and furrowed by countless streams feeding the boisterous Halden Beck which tumbled over its rocky bed far below. Down there, were trees and some cultivated fields, but immediately behind me the wild country came crowding in on the bowl where the farmhouse lay. Halsten Pike, Alstang, Birnside—the huge fells with their barbarous names were very near.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Catherine Cookson, The Dwelling Place:",
"text": "She didn't know at first why she stepped off the road and climbed the bank on to the fells; it wasn't until she found herself skirting a disused quarry that she realised where she was making for, and when she reached the place she stood and gazed at it. It was a hollow within an outcrop of rock, not large enough to call a cave but deep enough to shelter eight people from the rain, and with room to spare.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rocky ridge or chain of mountains."
],
"links": [
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Northern England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Northern England, Scotland) A rocky ridge or chain of mountains."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ridge"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 11 p. 174:",
"text": "As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith and Fell;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1948 March and April, O. S. Nock, “Scottish Night Mails of the L.M.S.R.—2”, in Railway Magazine, page 77:",
"text": "The night continued beautifully clear and fine, and as we came into the fell country the outlines of the hills showed up dark against the starlit sky.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 57:",
"text": "And there are few better ways to enjoy the rugged bleakness of the fells than from a nice warm train, especially when the weather's constantly changing as the day slips away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 June 29, Metro, London, page 15, column 3:",
"text": "An artist dubbed the Borrowdale Banksy has created this slate work on a Lake District fell after past efforts were vandalised.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wild field or upland moor."
],
"links": [
[
"field",
"field"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic outside Northern England",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic outside Northern England, Scotland) A wild field or upland moor."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skalist sklon",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "скалист склон"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "tunturi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "kukkula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"word": "mäki"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fell"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjall"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjell"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "rocky ridge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fjäll"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wild field or upland moor",
"word": "hed"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English causative verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old French fel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English *fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fali"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fali",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*faluz",
"t": "wicked, cruel, terrifying"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fal",
"t": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian fal (“cruel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fel",
"t": "wrathful, cruel, bad, base"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fell",
"t": "rash, swift"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fell (“rash, swift”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"t": "disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim"
},
"expansion": "Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"t": "imp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vālant (“imp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fel",
"t": "fierce, feisty, bitter"
},
"expansion": "Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), either from Old French fel or from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *fali, *falu, from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”). Compare also Middle High German vālant (“imp”) and Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”). See felon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "feller",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "fellest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "fell (comparative feller, superlative fellest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one fell swoop",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:",
"text": "[…]While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:",
"text": "And many a serpent of fell kind, / With wings before, and stings behind",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1862, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London:",
"text": "[…] but if it be solitary with the position of an incisor, will it even then bear out Professor Owen's hypothesis, that Thylacoleo, which he infers to have been one of “the fellest and most destructive of predatory beasts, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:",
"text": "The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XIX, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "No words had been exchanged between Upjohn and self on the journey out, but the glimpses I had caught of his face from the corner of the eyes had told me that he was grim and resolute, his supply of the milk of human kindness plainly short by several gallons. No hope, it seemed to me, of turning him from his fell purpose.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a strong and cruel nature; eager and unsparing; grim; fierce; ruthless; savage."
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"eager",
"eager"
],
[
"unsparing",
"unsparing"
],
[
"grim",
"grim"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent"
],
"links": [
[
"fiery",
"fiery"
],
[
"biting",
"biting"
],
[
"keen",
"keen"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"pungent",
"pungent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) Strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent"
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Very large; huge."
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"huge",
"huge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) Very large; huge."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667 January 25 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “January 15th, 1666–1667”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VI, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC:",
"text": "I am so fell to my business.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Eager; earnest; intent."
],
"links": [
[
"Eager",
"eager"
],
[
"earnest",
"earnest"
],
[
"intent",
"intent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Eager; earnest; intent."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a strong and cruel nature",
"word": "hirveä"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of a strong and cruel nature",
"word": "grym"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent",
"word": "ärhäkkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "very large; huge",
"word": "suunnaton"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "eager; earnest; intent",
"word": "sitoutunut"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English causative verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fellness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fel"
},
"expansion": "Old French fel",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*fel"
},
"expansion": "Old English *fel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*fali"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fali",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*faluz",
"t": "wicked, cruel, terrifying"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fal",
"t": "cruel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian fal (“cruel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "fel",
"t": "wrathful, cruel, bad, base"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fell",
"t": "rash, swift"
},
"expansion": "German Low German fell (“rash, swift”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"t": "disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim"
},
"expansion": "Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"t": "imp"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vālant (“imp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fel",
"t": "fierce, feisty, bitter"
},
"expansion": "Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), either from Old French fel or from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *fali, *falu, from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”). Compare also Middle High German vālant (“imp”) and Dutch fel (“fierce, feisty, bitter”). See felon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fell",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fell",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fell (comparative more fell, superlative most fell)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Sharply; fiercely."
],
"links": [
[
"Sharply",
"sharply"
],
[
"fiercely",
"fiercely"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fel",
"4": "",
"5": "gall, poison, bitterness"
},
"expansion": "Latin fel (“gall, poison, bitterness”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Latin fel (“gall, poison, bitterness”), or more probably from the adjective above.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fell (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Untroubled of vile fear or bitter fell.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885–1887, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “[Poem 45]”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 66:",
"text": "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day. / What hours, O what black hoürs we have spent / This night!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anger; gall; melancholy."
],
"links": [
[
"Anger",
"anger#Noun"
],
[
"gall",
"gall#Noun"
],
[
"melancholy",
"melancholy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) Anger; gall; melancholy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English verb forms",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "fell",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"The finer portions of ore, which go through the meshes when the ore is sorted by sifting."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
],
[
"mesh",
"mesh"
],
[
"sift",
"sift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) The finer portions of ore, which go through the meshes when the ore is sorted by sifting."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
{
"categories": [
"English causative verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English verb forms",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable",
"en:Geography",
"en:Kilts"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fell",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past of fall"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English past participles",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1650, Micheel Sandivogius, translated by J. F., A New Light of Alchymie: Taken Out of the Fountaine of Nature, and Manuall Experience […] , London: Richard Cotes, page 121:",
"text": "For I have heard that my Enemies have fell into that ſnare which they laid for mee. They which would have taken away my life have loſt their own;[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1796, Thomas Bennett, The Life and Remarkable Conversion of T. Bennett, Etc. [Written by Himself.], London, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "I ſhould have fell overboard, or been killed by the enemy ; for having ſo many things to carry along with me, which I knew not how to uſe[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 October 3, John McGahern, Collected Stories, Faber & Faber, →ISBN, page 147:",
"text": "And when it got to ten past I said you must have fell in with company, but I was beginning to get worried.' 'You know I never fall in with company,' he protested irritably. 'I always leave the Royal at ten to, never a minute more nor less.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fall"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of fall"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now colloquial) past participle of fall"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fell.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "fell"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fell meaning in English (47.2kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "fell/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag West-Saxon not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English causative verbs\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English irregular simple past forms\", \"English lemmas\", \"English non-lemma forms\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English verb forms\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header\", \"Old Norse non-lemma forms\", \"Old Norse verb forms\", \"Pages with 9 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛl\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"en:Geography\", \"en:Kilts\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"little strokes fell great oaks\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"fellen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English fellen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"fellan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English fellan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*fallijan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *fallijan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*fallijaną\", \"t\": \"to fell, to cause to fall\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*fallaną\", \"t\": \"to fall\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*h₃elh₁-\", \"4\": \"*h₂peh₃lH-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"vellen\", \"t\": \"to fell, cut down\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"fällen\", \"t\": \"to fell\"}, \"expansion\": \"German fällen (“to fell”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"fælde\", \"t\": \"to fell\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish fælde (“to fell”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"no\", \"2\": \"felle\", \"t\": \"to fell\"}, \"expansion\": \"Norwegian felle (“to fell”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *fallijan, from Proto-Germanic *fallijaną (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂peh₃lH-.\\nCognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Danish fælde (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"fells\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"felling\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"felled\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"felled\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"fell (third-person singular simple present fells, present participle felling, simple past and past participle felled)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:\", \"text\": \"Stand, or I'll fell thee down.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2011 October 2, Aled Williams, “Swansea 2 - 0 Stoke”, in BBC Sport Wales:\", \"text\": \"Sinclair opened Swansea's account from the spot on 8 minutes after a Ryan Shawcross tackle had felled Wayne Routledge.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 219:\", \"text\": \"As southeast Asia's forests were felled, the rhino's habitat shrank and became fragmented.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree.\"], \"links\": [[\"fall\", \"fall\"], [\"chop\", \"chop\"], [\"tree\", \"tree\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1922, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Chessmen of Mars, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2010:\", \"text\": \"Gahan, horrified, saw the latter's head topple from its body, saw the body stagger and fall to the ground. ... The creature that had felled its companion was dashing madly in the direction of the hill upon which he was hidden, it dodged one of the workers that sought to seize it. … Then it was that Gahan's eyes chanced to return to the figure of the creature the fugitive had felled.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 19:\", \"text\": \"\\\"Even in his most temperate moments he is constantly felling people with a hunting-crop.\\\"\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2010 September 27, Christina Passariello, “Prodos Capital, Samsung Make Final Cut for Ferré”, in Wall Street Journal, retrieved 2012-08-26:\", \"text\": \"… could make Ferré the first major fashion label felled by the economic crisis to come out the other end of restructuring.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2016 January 17, “What Weiner Reveals About Huma Abedin”, in Vanity Fair, retrieved 2016-01-21:\", \"text\": \"This Sunday marks the debut of Weiner, a documentary that follows former congressman Anthony Weiner in his attempt to overcome a sexting scandal and run for mayor of New York City—only to be felled, somewhat inexplicably, by another sexting scandal.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To strike down, kill, destroy.\"], \"links\": [[\"kill\", \"kill\"], [\"destroy\", \"destroy\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To strike down, kill, destroy.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\", \"en:Sewing\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2006, Colette Wolff, The Art of Manipulating Fabric, page 296:\", \"text\": \"To fell seam allowances, catch the lining underneath before emerging 1/4\\\" (6mm) ahead, and 1/8\\\" (3mm) to 1/4\\\" (6mm) into the seam allowance.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat.\"], \"links\": [[\"sewing\", \"sewing#Noun\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(sewing) To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat.\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"manufacturing\", \"sewing\", \"textiles\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/fɛl/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-fell.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg/En-us-fell.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/En-us-fell.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛl\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"povaljam\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"повалям\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎbarjam\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"събарям\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"kácet\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"skácet\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"fælde\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"vellen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"dehaki\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"fella\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"kaataa\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"hakata\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"abattre\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"faire tomber\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"fällen\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"kivág\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"kidönt\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"ledönt\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"leikata\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"halettaa\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"abbattere\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"whakahinga\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"Anglian\"], \"word\": \"fellan\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"West-Saxon\"], \"word\": \"fiellan\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"andâxtan\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"انداختن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"beh zamin zadan\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"به زمین زدن\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"abater\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"derrubar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"valítʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"вали́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"povalítʹ\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"повали́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"poraziť\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"talar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"cortar\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"word\": \"fälla\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zrubáty\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"зруба́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zrúbuvaty\", \"sense\": \"to make something fall\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"зру́бувати\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to strike down, kill, destroy\", \"word\": \"fælde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to strike down, kill, destroy\", \"word\": \"kaataa\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to strike down, kill, destroy\", \"word\": \"leterít\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to strike down, kill, destroy\", \"word\": \"leüt\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to strike down, kill, destroy\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zabić\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat\", \"word\": \"päärmätä\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"sewing: to stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat\", \"word\": \"beszeg\"}], \"word\": \"fell\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fell",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.