See whom on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to whom it may concern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to whom this may concern"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "who whom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whomever"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whom're"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham",
"t": "whom"
},
"expansion": "Scots wham (“whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wem",
"t": "whom, to whom"
},
"expansion": "German wem (“whom, to whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hvem",
"t": "who, whom"
},
"expansion": "Danish hvem (“who, whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vem",
"t": "who, whom"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vem (“who, whom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whom, wham, from Old English hwām, hwǣm, from Proto-Germanic *hwammai, dative case of *hwaz (“who, what”). Cognate with Scots wham (“whom”), German wem (“whom, to whom”), Danish hvem (“who, whom”), Swedish vem (“who, whom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "of who",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "singular and plural objective case of",
"6": "who",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "whom (singular and plural objective case of who)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "singular and plural objective case of",
"2": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular and plural objective case of who)",
"name": "en-pron"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal"
},
"expansion": "(formal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 23 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whom did you ask?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a verb."
],
"id": "en-whom-en-pron-XgrdCbFn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a verb."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 23 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To whom are you referring?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "With whom were you talking?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:",
"text": "The stories did not seem to me to touch life. They were plainly intended to have a bracing moral effect, and perhaps had this result for the people at whom they were aimed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:",
"text": "He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“A very hearty pip-pip to you, old ancestor,” I said, well pleased, for she is a woman with whom it is always a privilege to chew the fat. “And a rousing toodle-oo to you, you young blot on the landscape,” she replied cordially.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a preposition."
],
"id": "en-whom-en-pron-lDJEuMO2",
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a preposition."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "waarmee"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "waarvan"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "etc."
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allaḏī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular"
],
"word": "اَلَّذِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allatī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "الَّتِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-laḏayni",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَللَّذَيْنِ"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-latayni",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَللَّتَيْنِ"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allaḏīna",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَلَّذِينَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lātī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّاتِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lāʔī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّائِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lawātī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّوَاتِي"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quien"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quins"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "qual"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "jemuž"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "jehož"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "koho"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kterého"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "hvilken"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "die"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiun"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiujn"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "joka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "jotka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dem"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "der"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "den"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "die"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jis",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "जिस"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cui"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "quod"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dative"
],
"word": "cui"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ikao"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for human beings",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "o qual"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "a qual"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "os quais"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "as quais"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórovo",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рого"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotóromu",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рому"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórym",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рым"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórom",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́ром"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quien"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cual"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cuyo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "som"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vilken"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vilket"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kótroho",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ко́трого"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 47 14 3 20",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "y"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 23 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is the woman whom I spoke to earlier. (defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Mr Smith, whom we all know well, will be giving the speech. (non-defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He's a person with whom I work. (defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We have ten employees, half of whom are carpenters. (non-defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1935, George Goodchild, chapter 1, in Death on the Centre Court:",
"text": "“Anthea hasn't a notion in her head but to vamp a lot of silly mugwumps. She's set her heart on that tennis bloke[…]whom the papers are making such a fuss about.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "The eminent brain specialist to whom she alluded was a man I would not have cared to lunch with myself, our relations having been on the stiff side since the night at Lady Wickham's place in Hertfordshire when, acting on the advice of my hostess's daughter Roberta, I had punctured his hot-water bottle with a darning needle in the small hours of the morning. Quite unintentional, of course.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1979 December 29, Tia Cross, “Lesbian Family Album”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 23, page 14:",
"text": "A woman shooting pool whom you know has red hair even though the photograph is black and white.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people."
],
"id": "en-whom-en-pron-ZST9SR52",
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"relative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 23 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To whom it may concern, all business of John Smith Ltd. has now been transferred to Floggitt & Runne.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The person(s) whom; whomever."
],
"id": "en-whom-en-pron-FY-AVcmi",
"links": [
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"qualifier": "fused relative; archaic outside set patterns; fused relative; archaic outside set patterns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(fused relative, archaic outside set patterns) The person(s) whom; whomever."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 18 18 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 16 27 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English interrogative pronouns",
"parents": [
"Interrogative pronouns",
"Interrogative pro-forms",
"Pronouns",
"Pro-forms",
"Lemmas",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 16 24 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 16 18 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English relative pronouns",
"parents": [
"Relative pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Relative pro-forms",
"Lemmas",
"Pro-forms",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 7 17 28 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 14 12 40 4 4 13 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 12 12 35 5 5 12 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English indefinite pronouns",
"parents": [
"Indefinite pronouns",
"Indefinite pro-forms",
"Pronouns",
"Pro-forms",
"Lemmas",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 9 14 39 4 4 14 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English interrogative pronouns",
"parents": [
"Interrogative pronouns",
"Interrogative pro-forms",
"Pronouns",
"Pro-forms",
"Lemmas",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 10 10 42 5 5 11 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 10 11 45 4 4 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English relative pronouns",
"parents": [
"Relative pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Relative pro-forms",
"Lemmas",
"Pro-forms",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 13 11 52 1 1 13 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 13 13 51 1 1 15 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 20 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 18 16 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 20 19 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 21 12 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 21 11 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 20 19 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 17 15 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 22 14 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 15 14 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 17 15 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 21 18 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 21 14 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 21 19 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 22 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 23 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 17 16 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 21 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 8 16 15 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 18 16 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 18 16 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 21 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 21 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 20 14 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 20 21 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 22 11 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 15 14 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 21 18 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 24 11 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 20 19 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 18 16 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 20 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 20 15 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 21 12 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 10 19 15 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 22 14 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whom was Lemmy bassist for? Motörhead!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams."
],
"id": "en-whom-en-pron-Syv2VPV4",
"qualifier": "especially non-US",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, especially non-US) Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-whom.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg/En-us-whom.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-Whom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "whome"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "wie"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "man",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "مَنْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kogo",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quins"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "koho"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kterého"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "kenet"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ketkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "wen"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kis",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "किस"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kit"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kicsodát"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quan"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kam"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kogo",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Mari",
"roman": "köm",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кӧм"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "nɗo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "nɗopvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kven"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kogo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "o que"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "(for nonhumans) o quê"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for humans",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovó",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kem",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кем"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kom",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "ком"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quiénes"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "vem"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kanino"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kohó",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 35 12 16 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "pwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "man",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "مَنْ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komu",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kterému"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiun"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiujn"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "kenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "keiden pl (inflected for some prepositions)",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "keltä"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "keneltä"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "keiltä"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "wem"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kimoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "cui"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "komu",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kven"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "a qui"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "o que"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "(for nonhumans) o quê"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for humans",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovó",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kem",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кем"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kom",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ком"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quiénes"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cuyo"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "vem"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kohó",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kym",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ким"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 34 16 12 4",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kime"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"whom"
],
"word": "whom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "English: whom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wham"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwammē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwammē",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷósmey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "who",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative",
"4": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-Fxm65-tV",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"interrogative",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-Fxm65-tV1",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-GTQYVuVS",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron--V85xHxo",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-mU-nuciw",
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"rare",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hwɔːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ȝwam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "huam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qwom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whoom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whoome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quuam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qwam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whaim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whaym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hwem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whæm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "hwam"
}
],
"word": "whom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English formal terms",
"English interrogative pronouns",
"English lemmas",
"English pronouns",
"English relative pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English indefinite pronouns",
"Middle English interrogative pronouns",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English relative pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "to whom it may concern"
},
{
"word": "to whom this may concern"
},
{
"word": "who whom"
},
{
"word": "whomever"
},
{
"word": "whom're"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham",
"t": "whom"
},
"expansion": "Scots wham (“whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wem",
"t": "whom, to whom"
},
"expansion": "German wem (“whom, to whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "hvem",
"t": "who, whom"
},
"expansion": "Danish hvem (“who, whom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vem",
"t": "who, whom"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vem (“who, whom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whom, wham, from Old English hwām, hwǣm, from Proto-Germanic *hwammai, dative case of *hwaz (“who, what”). Cognate with Scots wham (“whom”), German wem (“whom, to whom”), Danish hvem (“who, whom”), Swedish vem (“who, whom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "of who",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "singular and plural objective case of",
"6": "who",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "whom (singular and plural objective case of who)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "singular and plural objective case of",
"2": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular and plural objective case of who)",
"name": "en-pron"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal"
},
"expansion": "(formal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whom did you ask?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a verb."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a verb."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To whom are you referring?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "With whom were you talking?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:",
"text": "The stories did not seem to me to touch life. They were plainly intended to have a bracing moral effect, and perhaps had this result for the people at whom they were aimed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:",
"text": "He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“A very hearty pip-pip to you, old ancestor,” I said, well pleased, for she is a woman with whom it is always a privilege to chew the fat. “And a rousing toodle-oo to you, you young blot on the landscape,” she replied cordially.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a preposition."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.",
"As the object of a preposition."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"interrogative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That is the woman whom I spoke to earlier. (defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Mr Smith, whom we all know well, will be giving the speech. (non-defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He's a person with whom I work. (defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We have ten employees, half of whom are carpenters. (non-defining)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1935, George Goodchild, chapter 1, in Death on the Centre Court:",
"text": "“Anthea hasn't a notion in her head but to vamp a lot of silly mugwumps. She's set her heart on that tennis bloke[…]whom the papers are making such a fuss about.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "The eminent brain specialist to whom she alluded was a man I would not have cared to lunch with myself, our relations having been on the stiff side since the night at Lady Wickham's place in Hertfordshire when, acting on the advice of my hostess's daughter Roberta, I had punctured his hot-water bottle with a darning needle in the small hours of the morning. Quite unintentional, of course.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1979 December 29, Tia Cross, “Lesbian Family Album”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 23, page 14:",
"text": "A woman shooting pool whom you know has red hair even though the photograph is black and white.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"relative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To whom it may concern, all business of John Smith Ltd. has now been transferred to Floggitt & Runne.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The person(s) whom; whomever."
],
"links": [
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"qualifier": "fused relative; archaic outside set patterns; fused relative; archaic outside set patterns",
"raw_glosses": [
"(fused relative, archaic outside set patterns) The person(s) whom; whomever."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whom was Lemmy bassist for? Motörhead!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams."
],
"qualifier": "especially non-US",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, especially non-US) Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-whom.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg/En-us-whom.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-Whom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "whome"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "wie"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "man",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "مَنْ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kogo",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quins"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "koho"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kterého"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "kenet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ketkä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "wen"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimoun"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kis",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "किस"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kit"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kicsodát"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quem"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kam"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kogo",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Mari",
"roman": "köm",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кӧм"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "nɗo"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "nɗopvi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kven"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kogo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "o que"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "(for nonhumans) o quê"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for humans",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovó",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kem",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кем"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kom",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "ком"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "quiénes"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "vem"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kanino"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimi"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kohó",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "kimi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "what person; object of a verb (accusative)",
"word": "pwy"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "man",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "مَنْ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komu",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kterému"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiu"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiuj"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiun"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kiujn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "kenen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "keiden pl (inflected for some prepositions)",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "keltä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "keneltä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "keiltä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "wem"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kimoun"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "chi"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "cui"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "komu",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kven"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "a qui"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "o que"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "(for nonhumans) o quê"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for humans",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovó",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kem",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кем"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kom",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ком"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quién"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "quiénes"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cuyo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "vem"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kohó",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кого́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "komú",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "кому́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kym",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "ким"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)",
"word": "kime"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "waarmee"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "waarvan"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "etc."
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allaḏī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular"
],
"word": "اَلَّذِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allatī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
],
"word": "الَّتِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-laḏayni",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَللَّذَيْنِ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-latayni",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَللَّتَيْنِ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "allaḏīna",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَلَّذِينَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lātī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّاتِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lāʔī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّائِي"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-lawātī",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "اَللَّوَاتِي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "um",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ում"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quien"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "qui"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quins"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "qual"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "jemuž"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "jehož"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "komu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "koho"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kterého"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "hvem"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "hvilken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "die"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiu"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiuj"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiun"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "kiujn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "joka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "jotka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dem"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "der"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "den"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "die"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jis",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "जिस"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cui"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quem"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "quod"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"dative"
],
"word": "cui"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "whom"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ikao"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "for human beings",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "que"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "o qual"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "a qual"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "os quais"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "as quais"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórovo",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рого"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotóromu",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рому"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórym",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́рым"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotórom",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "кото́ром"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quien"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "quienes"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cual"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "cuyo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "som"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vilken"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vilket"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "vilka"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kótroho",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "ко́трого"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "relative pronoun (object)",
"word": "y"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"whom"
],
"word": "whom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English indefinite pronouns",
"Middle English interrogative pronouns",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English relative pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "English: whom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wham"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwammē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwammē",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷósmey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "who",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative",
"4": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"interrogative",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"rare",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hwɔːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ȝwam"
},
{
"word": "hom"
},
{
"word": "home"
},
{
"word": "huam"
},
{
"word": "qwom"
},
{
"word": "wam"
},
{
"word": "wham"
},
{
"word": "whem"
},
{
"word": "whome"
},
{
"word": "whoom"
},
{
"word": "whoome"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"word": "quem"
},
{
"word": "quuam"
},
{
"word": "qwam"
},
{
"word": "whaim"
},
{
"word": "whame"
},
{
"word": "whaym"
},
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "hwam"
},
{
"word": "hwem"
},
{
"word": "whamm"
},
{
"word": "whæm"
}
],
"word": "whom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for whom meaning in All languages combined (33.9kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Serbo-Croatian: (1) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (1: with whom) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (2: to whom, about whom) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"whom"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"whom"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Roman: (1) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (1: with whom) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (2: to whom, about whom) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"whom"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "whom/English/pron: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"keiden pl (inflected for some prepositions)\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English formal terms\", \"English interrogative pronouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English pronouns\", \"English relative pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English indefinite pronouns\", \"Middle English interrogative pronouns\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English pronouns\", \"Middle English relative pronouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Afrikaans translations\", \"Requests for review of Dutch translations\", \"Requests for review of Esperanto translations\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Rhymes:English/uːm\", \"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Eastern Mari translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Haitian Creole translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"to whom it may concern\"}, {\"word\": \"to whom this may concern\"}, {\"word\": \"who whom\"}, {\"word\": \"whomever\"}, {\"word\": \"whom're\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*kʷ-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English whom\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"hwām\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English hwām\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*hwammai\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *hwammai\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"wham\", \"t\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots wham (“whom”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"wem\", \"t\": \"whom, to whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"German wem (“whom, to whom”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"hvem\", \"t\": \"who, whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish hvem (“who, whom”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"vem\", \"t\": \"who, whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish vem (“who, whom”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English whom, wham, from Old English hwām, hwǣm, from Proto-Germanic *hwammai, dative case of *hwaz (“who, what”). Cognate with Scots wham (“whom”), German wem (“whom, to whom”), Danish hvem (“who, whom”), Swedish vem (“who, whom”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"of who\", \"tags\": [\"objective\", \"plural\", \"singular\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"10\": \"\", \"11\": \"\", \"12\": \"\", \"13\": \"\", \"14\": \"\", \"15\": \"\", \"16\": \"\", \"17\": \"\", \"18\": \"\", \"19\": \"\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"20\": \"\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"singular and plural objective case of\", \"6\": \"who\", \"7\": \"\", \"8\": \"\", \"9\": \"\", \"head\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"whom (singular and plural objective case of who)\", \"name\": \"head\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"singular and plural objective case of\", \"2\": \"who\"}, \"expansion\": \"whom (singular and plural objective case of who)\", \"name\": \"en-pron\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"formal\"}, \"expansion\": \"(formal)\", \"name\": \"tlb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Whom did you ask?\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"What person or people; which person or people.\", \"As the object of a verb.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.\", \"As the object of a verb.\"], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"interrogative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"To whom are you referring?\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"With whom were you talking?\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"The stories did not seem to me to touch life. They were plainly intended to have a bracing moral effect, and perhaps had this result for the people at whom they were aimed.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"“A very hearty pip-pip to you, old ancestor,” I said, well pleased, for she is a woman with whom it is always a privilege to chew the fat. “And a rousing toodle-oo to you, you young blot on the landscape,” she replied cordially.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"What person or people; which person or people.\", \"As the object of a preposition.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.\", \"As the object of a preposition.\"], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"interrogative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"That is the woman whom I spoke to earlier. (defining)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Mr Smith, whom we all know well, will be giving the speech. (non-defining)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"He's a person with whom I work. (defining)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We have ten employees, half of whom are carpenters. (non-defining)\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1935, George Goodchild, chapter 1, in Death on the Centre Court:\", \"text\": \"“Anthea hasn't a notion in her head but to vamp a lot of silly mugwumps. She's set her heart on that tennis bloke[…]whom the papers are making such a fuss about.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter I, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"The eminent brain specialist to whom she alluded was a man I would not have cared to lunch with myself, our relations having been on the stiff side since the night at Lady Wickham's place in Hertfordshire when, acting on the advice of my hostess's daughter Roberta, I had punctured his hot-water bottle with a darning needle in the small hours of the morning. Quite unintentional, of course.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1979 December 29, Tia Cross, “Lesbian Family Album”, in Gay Community News, volume 7, number 23, page 14:\", \"text\": \"A woman shooting pool whom you know has red hair even though the photograph is black and white.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative) Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people.\"], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"relative\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"To whom it may concern, all business of John Smith Ltd. has now been transferred to Floggitt & Runne.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"The person(s) whom; whomever.\"], \"links\": [[\"whomever\", \"whomever\"]], \"qualifier\": \"fused relative; archaic outside set patterns; fused relative; archaic outside set patterns\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(fused relative, archaic outside set patterns) The person(s) whom; whomever.\"], \"tags\": [\"formal\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English informal terms\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Whom was Lemmy bassist for? Motörhead!\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams.\"], \"qualifier\": \"especially non-US\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(informal, especially non-US) Also used with names of collective nouns that are groups of people, especially singularly-named musical groups or sports teams.\"], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"informal\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/huːm/\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-whom.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg/En-us-whom.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-us-whom.ogg\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-Whom.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Back_ache-Whom.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uːm\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"whome\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"wie\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"man\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"مَنْ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"um\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"ում\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quién\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quienes\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kogo\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кого\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"qui\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quins\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"koho\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kterého\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"hvem\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"kenet\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"ketkä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"que\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"wen\"}, {\"code\": \"ht\", \"lang\": \"Haitian Creole\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kimoun\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kis\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"किस\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kit\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kicsodát\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quan\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"chi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"quam\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kam\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"kogo\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кого\"}, {\"code\": \"mhr\", \"lang\": \"Mari\", \"roman\": \"köm\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кӧм\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"whom\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"nɗo\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"nɗopvi\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"hvem\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kven\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"que\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kogo\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"o que\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"(for nonhumans) o quê\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"note\": \"for humans\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kovó\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кого́\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"komú\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кому́\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kem\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кем\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kom\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"ком\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quién\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"quiénes\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"vem\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vilka\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kanino\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kimi\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kohó\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кого́\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"komú\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"кому́\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"kimi\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"what person; object of a verb (accusative)\", \"word\": \"pwy\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"man\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"مَنْ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"um\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"ում\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"komu\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кому\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"komu\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kterému\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"hvem\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kiu\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kiuj\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kiun\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kiujn\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"kenen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"note\": \"keiden pl (inflected for some prepositions)\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"keltä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"keneltä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"keiltä\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"qui\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"wem\"}, {\"code\": \"ht\", \"lang\": \"Haitian Creole\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kimoun\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"chi\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"cui\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"komu\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кому\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"whom\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"hvem\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kven\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"a qui\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"qui\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"komu\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"o que\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"(for nonhumans) o quê\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"note\": \"for humans\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kovó\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кого́\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"komú\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кому́\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kem\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кем\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kom\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"ком\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"quién\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"quiénes\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cuyo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"vem\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vilka\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kohó\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кого́\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"komú\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"кому́\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kym\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"ким\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"what person or people, object of a preposition (dative)\", \"word\": \"kime\"}, {\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"waarmee\"}, {\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"waarvan\"}, {\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"etc.\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"allaḏī\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"singular\"], \"word\": \"اَلَّذِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"allatī\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"singular\"], \"word\": \"الَّتِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"al-laḏayni\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"dual\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"اَللَّذَيْنِ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"al-latayni\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"dual\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"اَللَّتَيْنِ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"allaḏīna\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"اَلَّذِينَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"al-lātī\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"اَللَّاتِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"al-lāʔī\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"اَللَّائِي\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"al-lawātī\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"اَللَّوَاتِي\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"um\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"ում\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quien\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quienes\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"qui\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quins\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"qual\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"jemuž\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"jehož\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"komu\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"koho\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"kterého\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"hvem\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"hvilken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"die\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"kiu\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"kiuj\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"kiun\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"kiujn\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"singular\"], \"word\": \"joka\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"jotka\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"que\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"dem\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"der\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"den\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"die\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"jis\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"जिस\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"cui\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"quam\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"quod\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"dative\"], \"word\": \"cui\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"whom\"}, {\"code\": \"zdj\", \"lang\": \"Ngazidja Comorian\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"ikao\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"note\": \"for human beings\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"que\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"o qual\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"a qual\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"os quais\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"as quais\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kotórovo\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"кото́рого\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kotóromu\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"кото́рому\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kotórym\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"кото́рым\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"kotórom\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"кото́ром\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quien\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"quienes\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"cual\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"cuyo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"som\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"vilken\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"vilket\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"], \"word\": \"vilka\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kótroho\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"ко́трого\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"relative pronoun (object)\", \"word\": \"y\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"whom\"], \"word\": \"whom\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "whom/Middle English/pron: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English indefinite pronouns\", \"Middle English interrogative pronouns\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English pronouns\", \"Middle English relative pronouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: whom\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: whom\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"wham\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots: wham\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Scots: wham\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"etymid\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"hwām\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English hwām\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*hwammē\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *hwammē\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*hwammai\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *hwammai\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*kʷósmey\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"who\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative\", \"4\": \"who\"}, \"expansion\": \"whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"who\", \"who\"], [\"whom\", \"whom#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"interrogative\", \"plural\", \"singular\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.\", \"ref\": \"c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:\", \"text\": \"and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"who\", \"who\"], [\"whom\", \"whom#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"whoever\", \"whoever\"], [\"whomever\", \"whomever\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"that (accusative, inanimate)\"], \"links\": [[\"that\", \"that\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\", \"uncommon\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"indefinite\", \"indefinite\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"anyone\", \"anyone\"], [\"someone\", \"someone\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"indefinite\", \"plural\", \"rare\", \"singular\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/hwɔːm/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwoːm/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwam/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Early-Middle-English\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern\"]}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"ȝwam\"}, {\"word\": \"hom\"}, {\"word\": \"home\"}, {\"word\": \"huam\"}, {\"word\": \"qwom\"}, {\"word\": \"wam\"}, {\"word\": \"wham\"}, {\"word\": \"whem\"}, {\"word\": \"whome\"}, {\"word\": \"whoom\"}, {\"word\": \"whoome\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\"], \"word\": \"quam\"}, {\"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"word\": \"quuam\"}, {\"word\": \"qwam\"}, {\"word\": \"whaim\"}, {\"word\": \"whame\"}, {\"word\": \"whaym\"}, {\"sense\": \"early\", \"word\": \"hwam\"}, {\"word\": \"hwem\"}, {\"word\": \"whamm\"}, {\"word\": \"whæm\"}], \"word\": \"whom\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.