See whom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "English: whom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wham"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwammē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwammē",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷósmey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "who",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative",
"4": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-Fxm65-tV",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"interrogative",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-Fxm65-tV1",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-GTQYVuVS",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron--V85xHxo",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"id": "en-whom-enm-pron-mU-nuciw",
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"rare",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hwɔːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ȝwam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "huam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qwom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wham"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whoom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whoome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "quuam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qwam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whaim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whaym"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hwem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whamm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whæm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "hwam"
}
],
"word": "whom"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English indefinite pronouns",
"Middle English interrogative pronouns",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English relative pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "English: whom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: whom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wham"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wham",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wham"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "whom"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwām"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwām",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwammē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwammē",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwammai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwammai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷósmey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "who",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative",
"4": "who"
},
"expansion": "whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"interrogative",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"whom",
"whom#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whomever",
"whomever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"plural",
"relative",
"singular",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"anyone",
"anyone"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"rare",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hwɔːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwoːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hwɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ȝwam"
},
{
"word": "hom"
},
{
"word": "home"
},
{
"word": "huam"
},
{
"word": "qwom"
},
{
"word": "wam"
},
{
"word": "wham"
},
{
"word": "whem"
},
{
"word": "whome"
},
{
"word": "whoom"
},
{
"word": "whoome"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "quam"
},
{
"word": "quem"
},
{
"word": "quuam"
},
{
"word": "qwam"
},
{
"word": "whaim"
},
{
"word": "whame"
},
{
"word": "whaym"
},
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "hwam"
},
{
"word": "hwem"
},
{
"word": "whamm"
},
{
"word": "whæm"
}
],
"word": "whom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for whom meaning in Middle English (4.8kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "whom/Middle English/pron: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Middle English entries with incorrect language header\", \"Middle English indefinite pronouns\", \"Middle English interrogative pronouns\", \"Middle English lemmas\", \"Middle English pronouns\", \"Middle English relative pronouns\", \"Middle English terms derived from Old English\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Old English\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"English: whom\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"English: whom\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sco\", \"2\": \"wham\"}, \"expansion\": \"Scots: wham\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Scots: wham\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"whom\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"etymid\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"hwām\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English hwām\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*hwammē\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *hwammē\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*hwammai\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *hwammai\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*kʷósmey\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Old English hwām, hwǣm (dative of hwā), from Proto-West Germanic *hwammē (dative of *hwaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *hwammai (dative of *hwaz), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷósmey (dative of *kʷós).\\nForms with short /a/ are generalised unstressed forms.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"who\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"pronoun\", \"3\": \"singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative\", \"4\": \"who\"}, \"expansion\": \"whom (singular or plural, accusative and dative case, nominative who)\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"lang_code\": \"enm\", \"pos\": \"pron\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"who\", \"who\"], [\"whom\", \"whom#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(interrogative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"interrogative\", \"plural\", \"singular\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Now this is eternal life, so they can know you, the true God alone, and Jesus Christ, who you have sent.\", \"ref\": \"c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 17:3, page 62v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:\", \"text\": \"and þis is euerlaſtynge lijf .· þat þei knowen þee veri god aloone · ⁊ whom þou haſt ſent iheſu criſt\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"(to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"who\", \"who\"], [\"whom\", \"whom#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative) (to) who, whom (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"(to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"to\", \"to\"], [\"whoever\", \"whoever\"], [\"whomever\", \"whomever\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative) (to) whoever, whomever (accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"that (accusative, inanimate)\"], \"links\": [[\"that\", \"that\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(relative, uncommon) that (accusative, inanimate)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"plural\", \"relative\", \"singular\", \"uncommon\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Middle English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"(to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)\"], \"links\": [[\"indefinite\", \"indefinite\"], [\"to\", \"to\"], [\"anyone\", \"anyone\"], [\"someone\", \"someone\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(indefinite, rare) (to) anyone, someone (usually accusative or dative)\"], \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"dative\", \"indefinite\", \"plural\", \"rare\", \"singular\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/hwɔːm/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwoːm/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwam/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Early-Middle-English\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/hwɑːm/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern\"]}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"ȝwam\"}, {\"word\": \"hom\"}, {\"word\": \"home\"}, {\"word\": \"huam\"}, {\"word\": \"qwom\"}, {\"word\": \"wam\"}, {\"word\": \"wham\"}, {\"word\": \"whem\"}, {\"word\": \"whome\"}, {\"word\": \"whoom\"}, {\"word\": \"whoome\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\"], \"word\": \"quam\"}, {\"word\": \"quem\"}, {\"word\": \"quuam\"}, {\"word\": \"qwam\"}, {\"word\": \"whaim\"}, {\"word\": \"whame\"}, {\"word\": \"whaym\"}, {\"sense\": \"early\", \"word\": \"hwam\"}, {\"word\": \"hwem\"}, {\"word\": \"whamm\"}, {\"word\": \"whæm\"}], \"word\": \"whom\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "pron",
"title": "whom",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.