See gum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gum meaning in All languages combined (71.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-digger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-digging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gome",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gōma",
"4": "",
"5": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Old English gōma (“palate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gōmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumô",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "*gaumô (“palate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gaumen"
},
"expansion": "German Gaumen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gómur"
},
"expansion": "gómur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰh₂u-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "koyṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "to gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”) (compare German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr (whence Icelandic gómur)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo- (compare Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”). More at yawn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 27 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Timugon Murut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gumboil"
},
{
"word": "gum-didder"
},
{
"word": "gum disease"
},
{
"word": "gum job"
},
{
"word": "gumless"
},
{
"word": "gummed"
},
{
"word": "gum ridge"
},
{
"word": "gum-ring"
},
{
"word": "gum-rubber"
},
{
"word": "gum shield"
},
{
"word": "gum-stake"
},
{
"word": "gum-tickler"
},
{
"word": "gum-tooth"
},
{
"word": "gumwork"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The flesh around the teeth."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-RB23ThaJ",
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"teeth",
"teeth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "medical",
"word": "gingiva"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"often"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "tandvleis"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nullë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nullëz"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gingivë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لِثَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لَثَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lesa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "latta",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لتة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cheniva"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "geniva"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lind",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "լինդ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzindzie"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dzindzii"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enxiva"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xenxiva"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş əti"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "oi"
},
{
"code": "sne",
"lang": "Bau Bidayuh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dode"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzjasná",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзясна́"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngaros"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "venéc",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вене́ц"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "swa:hpum:",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "သွားဖုံး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "geniva"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lagos"
},
{
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "monsis"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nyip"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dadan"
},
{
"code": "cbk",
"lang": "Chavacano",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "encia"
},
{
"code": "ny",
"lang": "Chichewa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nkhama"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齒齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐyín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齿龈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "牙齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yáyín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "牙龈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "龈"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kig dens"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dáseň"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandkød"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gumme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandvlees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingivo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ige"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhald"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhold"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannkjøt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ikenet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gencive"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenzie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enxiva"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "სასა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣrʒili",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ღრძილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zahnfleisch"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Billere"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oúlo",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ούλο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oûlon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "οὖλον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khanikháim",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine"
],
"word": "חניכיים"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lasi"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "masūṛā",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मसूड़ा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "íny"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "fogíny"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhold"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "jenjivo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gusi"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ien"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingiva"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "ikkiq",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᐃᒃᑭᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drandal"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carball"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"alt": "はぐき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haguki",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齦"
},
{
"alt": "はぐき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haguki",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯茎"
},
{
"alt": "しぎん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shigin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯齦"
},
{
"alt": "しにく, shiniku, はにく, haniku",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯肉"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "gusi",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ꦒꦸꦱꦶ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qyzyl iek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "қызыл иек"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tıstıñ et",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "тістің ет"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cəəng thmɨñ",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ជើងធ្មេញ"
},
{
"code": "kqr",
"lang": "Kimaragang",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngonsis"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "inmom",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "잇몸"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pûk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "پووک"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pidû"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pidî"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ngư̄ak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ເຫງືອກ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "fan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ຟັນ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "muzlys"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingīva"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "smaganas"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dantenos"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenziva"
},
{
"code": "dtr",
"lang": "Lotud",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "monsis"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "ṅgoek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᦵᦄᦲᧅ"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zännfleesch"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "desni",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "десни"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gusi"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "uman",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᡠᠮᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "goos"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bujl",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буйл"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "awótsíín"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "gijā",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "गिजा"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "denchive"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannkjøtt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diş eti",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "دیش اتی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lase",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "لثه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "aruk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "اروک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âruk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "آروک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ziye",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "زیه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"english": "arak, arok",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ارک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dziąsło"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "dziąsła"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gingie"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schunschiva"
},
{
"code": "drg",
"lang": "Rungus",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngonsis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "desná",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "десна́"
},
{
"code": "bsy",
"lang": "Sabah Bisaya",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghinghía"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "benzía"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sénsia"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "де̑сни"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dȇsni"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingili"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "cincili"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinzìa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ďasno"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dlésen"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "źěsna"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "dźasna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "encía"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ufizi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandkött"
},
{
"code": "mvv",
"lang": "Tagal Murut",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gilagid"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "vora",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "вора"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "milki dandon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "милки дандон"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngʉ̀ʉak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "เหงือก"
},
{
"code": "tih",
"lang": "Timugon Murut",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş eti"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş eti"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jásna",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́сна"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "milk"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinzìva"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenzìva"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xenxìva"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nướu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lợi"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingif"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lagos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deintgig"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gorcharfan"
},
{
"code": "bdr",
"lang": "West Coast Bajau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "isi impon"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "toskfleis"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gome",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gōma",
"4": "",
"5": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Old English gōma (“palate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gōmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumô",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "*gaumô (“palate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gaumen"
},
"expansion": "German Gaumen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gómur"
},
"expansion": "gómur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰh₂u-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "koyṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "to gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”) (compare German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr (whence Icelandic gómur)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo- (compare Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”). More at yawn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-ObBBCsZr",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"toothless",
"toothless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-PK1hml3n",
"links": [
[
"gummer",
"gummer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-digger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-digging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "acacia gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "acaroid gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "accaroid gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "accroides gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "apple-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "arabic gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "art gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Barbary gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bee gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "begum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "black gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blue gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "box-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "British gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bubble gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bubble-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bubblegum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cabbage gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Cape gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "carob gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chagual gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chewing gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chicle gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cider gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cow gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cushion gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dammar gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "degum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doctor-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "doctor's gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "elastic gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flooded gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "free gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gellan gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ghatti gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ghost gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grilled gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "guar gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum acacia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum acaroidea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum accroides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum albanum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum ammoniac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum anima"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum animé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum animi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum animal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum arabic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumball"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum band"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum benjamin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum benzoin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum bichromate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-boiler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum boot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumboot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-bucket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum butea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum camphor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-chewer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-chewing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum cistus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum coolibah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum dammar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum dragon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-drop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumdrop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum elastic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum elemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum eraser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum eurphorbium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-field"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-flowers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-game"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum guaiac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-hole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum ivy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum juniper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum karaya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum kino"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum labdanum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum lac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-land"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumlands"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum lift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum myrrh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum myrtle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum nut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum of ivy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum olibanum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum over platinum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-paper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum passage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum plant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-platinum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum pot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum print"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum printing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-rash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-resin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum resin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum rockrose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum sandarac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum sangapenum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-seal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-senegal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumshoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum silk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum stick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-succory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-sucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-taffeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-thistle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum thus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum tragacanth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum turpentine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum up the works"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum water"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum wood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumwood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum-worker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hashab gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hog gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hog-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "iron gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "karaya gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kauri gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kordofan gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "locust bean gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "log gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mahogany gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "manna gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mastic gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mountain gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Murray red gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "natural gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nicotine gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "orange gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Persian gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "red-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "red gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ribbon gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "river gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "river red gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rose gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slum gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slumgum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "snappy gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "snow gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sonora gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sour gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spotted gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spruce gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sterculia gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stick of gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stinking gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strike me up a gum tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sugar gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sugar-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swamp gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet gum-tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet gum tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tara gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Tasmanian blue gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ungum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "up a gum tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "walk and chew gum at the same time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "white gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "white gum poison"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wine gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wood gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "xanthan gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellow gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "York gum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gomme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gomme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gumme"
},
"expansion": "gumme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gome",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gumma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gumma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cummi"
},
"expansion": "Latin cummi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gummi"
},
"expansion": "gummi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόμμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "qmy",
"4": "",
"5": "anointing oil"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "qmyt",
"3": "",
"4": "acanthus resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "goma",
"3": "",
"4": "rubber"
},
"expansion": "Spanish goma (“rubber”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gumma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummatous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummic acid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummiferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummosis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummosity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gummous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 11 11 13 9 5 11 3 4 4 5 1 5 7 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gums and resins",
"orig": "en:Gums and resins",
"parents": [
"Botany",
"Materials",
"Biology",
"Manufacturing",
"Sciences",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-tjHQtxAB",
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 11 11 13 9 5 11 3 4 4 5 1 5 7 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gums and resins",
"orig": "en:Gums and resins",
"parents": [
"Botany",
"Materials",
"Biology",
"Manufacturing",
"Sciences",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205",
"text": "[…] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-uXP4ZDdO",
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣamḡ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَمْغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xež",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "խեժ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smola",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смола"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klej",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клей"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "vaik"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resina"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kautschuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kómmi",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόμμι"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "gloiós",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guma"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "coa cʰəə",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ជ័រឈើ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "pia"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teoru"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "trēowteoru"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "angom",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "انگم"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resina"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamedʹ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "камедь"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smola",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смола"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "niryāsa",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dravya",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "द्रव्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kalamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yaang",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ยาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kauçuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kamedʹ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "камедь"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "glej",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ґлей"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 45 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwm"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xež",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "խեժ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "syntetgummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guma"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yaang",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ยาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaao",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "กาว"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kauçuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 46 6 4 2 5 1 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwm"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 26 17 7 14 3 3 0 1 1 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 25 17 7 13 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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{
"_dis": "4 5 4 32 21 8 9 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 1",
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{
"_dis": "6 7 6 22 15 6 14 4 5 1 2 1 4 1 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 11 13 9 5 11 3 4 4 5 1 5 7 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gums and resins",
"orig": "en:Gums and resins",
"parents": [
"Botany",
"Materials",
"Biology",
"Manufacturing",
"Sciences",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chewing gum."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-3uCZvKyL",
"links": [
[
"Chewing gum",
"chewing gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do you have a gum to spare?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388",
"text": "Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A single piece of chewing gum."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun--7QH62kD",
"links": [
[
"chewing gum",
"chewing gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A single piece of chewing gum."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gummi candy."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-qDyLu9Ln",
"links": [
[
"gummi",
"gummi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"countable",
"in-plural",
"often",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 11 11 13 9 5 11 3 4 4 5 1 5 7 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gums and resins",
"orig": "en:Gums and resins",
"parents": [
"Botany",
"Materials",
"Biology",
"Manufacturing",
"Sciences",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-r2354U1G",
"links": [
[
"hive",
"hive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel or bin made from a hollow log."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-UayUh7ro",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bin",
"bin"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 2 1 1 4 2 2 61 0 8 0 2 11 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Footwear",
"orig": "en:Footwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rubber overshoe."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-2r1HxrAC",
"links": [
[
"rubber",
"rubber"
],
[
"overshoe",
"overshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect) A rubber overshoe."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gum tree."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-noun-GWEiABTx",
"links": [
[
"gum tree",
"gum tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عِلْكَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lubāna",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُبَانة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "camon",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "ծամոն"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎvka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дъвка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kǒuxiāngtáng",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "口香糖"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tyggegummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "näts"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chewing-gum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma de mascar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaugummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiclete"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma de mascar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žvačka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жвачка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "žuvačka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "chicle"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tuggummi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "màak-fà-ràng",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "หมากฝรั่ง"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žujka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жуйка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 42 47 3 3 0 0 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "humka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гумка"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gum up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "by gum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gomme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gomme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gumme"
},
"expansion": "gumme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gome",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gumma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gumma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cummi"
},
"expansion": "Latin cummi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gummi"
},
"expansion": "gummi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόμμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "qmy",
"4": "",
"5": "anointing oil"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "qmyt",
"3": "",
"4": "acanthus resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "goma",
"3": "",
"4": "rubber"
},
"expansion": "Spanish goma (“rubber”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, page 184",
"text": "However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-8QMzTNH8",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"adhesive",
"adhesive"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to."
],
"tags": [
"sometimes",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stiffen with glue or gum."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-ZkX8EMMW",
"links": [
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language",
"text": "It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inelegantly attach into a sequence."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-dQIgOhL5",
"links": [
[
"together",
"together#English"
],
[
"inelegantly",
"inelegantly"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with together"
],
"tags": [
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves."
},
{
"text": "The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impair the functioning of a thing or process."
],
"id": "en-gum-en-verb-45OMmuI2",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"impair",
"impair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"with-up"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "guma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of guma"
],
"id": "en-gum-cs-noun-SlzPvtJy",
"links": [
[
"guma",
"guma#Czech"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡum]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gom"
},
"expansion": "gom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A relatively recent variant of gom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gummen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gummetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "gummetje"
},
"expansion": "gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gum"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gummen"
},
{
"word": "kneedgum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An eraser."
],
"id": "en-gum-nl-noun-JW2oRdgP",
"links": [
[
"eraser",
"eraser"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "eraser; now restricted to Belgium in the meaning",
"word": "gom"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣʏm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-gum.ogg/Nl-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-gum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gùm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "ideophone",
"head": "gùm",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gùm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ideophone",
"2": "gùm"
},
"expansion": "gùm",
"name": "ha-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hausa ideophones",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smelling bad"
],
"id": "en-gum-ha-noun-lnxI5CA6",
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"ideophone"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sùm"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡùm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʷʊ̀m]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaumō",
"t": "attention, heed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guminu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "gums",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "gums",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "u",
"3": "m"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "gum",
"accpd": "gumin",
"accs": "gum",
"accsd": "gumið",
"datp": "gumum",
"datpd": "gumunum",
"dats": "gumi",
"datsd": "guminu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "guma",
"genpd": "gumanna",
"gens": "gums",
"gensd": "gumsins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "gum",
"nompd": "gumin",
"noms": "gum",
"nomsd": "gumið",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "gum",
"accpd": "gumin",
"accs": "gum",
"accsd": "gumið",
"datp": "gumum",
"datpd": "gumunum",
"dats": "gumi",
"datsd": "guminu",
"genp": "guma",
"genpd": "gumanna",
"gens": "gums",
"gensd": "gumsins",
"nomp": "gum",
"nompd": "gumin",
"noms": "gum",
"nomsd": "gumið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to boast, to exaggerate",
"word": "guma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boasting, exaggeration"
],
"id": "en-gum-is-noun-tVa8vw-q",
"links": [
[
"boasting",
"boasting"
],
[
"exaggeration",
"exaggeration"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gort"
},
{
"word": "raup"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʏːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏːm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gumme"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gumme"
],
"id": "en-gum-enm-noun-zK89Uqaq",
"links": [
[
"gumme",
"gumme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "gum f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "guma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of guma"
],
"id": "en-gum-pl-noun-SlzPvtJy",
"links": [
[
"guma",
"guma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gumı",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "3rd person possessive",
"4": "gumı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "gumlar",
"f1accel-form": "poss|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gumı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)",
"name": "slr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Salar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-gum-slr-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]",
"note": "Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "en",
"3": "gum"
},
"expansion": "English gum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English gum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gums",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gum"
],
"id": "en-gum-sco-noun-PkbIhG7F",
"links": [
[
"gum",
"gum#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gums",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mist, vapour, haze"
],
"id": "en-gum-sco-noun-5asTI-DY",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
],
[
"haze",
"haze"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gumm"
}
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'm certain that he would be happy.",
"text": "Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte."
}
],
"glosses": [
"that"
],
"id": "en-gum-gd-conj-jn~AI2r0",
"links": [
[
"that",
"that#Conjunction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gu"
},
{
"word": "gun"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəm/"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gum",
"word": "𒄣"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒄣 (gum)"
],
"id": "en-gum-sux-romanization-N1EO41Bc",
"links": [
[
"𒄣",
"𒄣#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"id": "en-gum-tk-noun-9519JFWD",
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "zza-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zazaki entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zza",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "zza:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"id": "en-gum-zza-noun-NUmyogXm",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) cheek"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koi",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Permyak: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Permyak: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-kya",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Yazva: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Yazva: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "гумы"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: гумы (gumy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: гумы (gumy)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "гумө"
},
"expansion": "гумө (gumå)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Beserman: гумө (gumå)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "käämi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish käämi",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Lytkin (1970) proposes a relation with Finnish käämi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gumj-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumtäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*gumj-"
},
"expansion": "*gum (stem *gumj-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gumj"
},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/gum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stalk"
],
"id": "en-gum-urj-prm-pro-noun--jEiHVUH",
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech non-lemma forms",
"Czech noun forms",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Czech/um",
"Rhymes:Czech/um/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "guma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of guma"
],
"links": [
[
"guma",
"guma#Czech"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡum]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gummen"
},
{
"word": "kneedgum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gom"
},
"expansion": "gom",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A relatively recent variant of gom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gummen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gummetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "gummetje"
},
"expansion": "gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gum"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"An eraser."
],
"links": [
[
"eraser",
"eraser"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣʏm/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Nl-gum.ogg/Nl-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Nl-gum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "eraser; now restricted to Belgium in the meaning",
"word": "gom"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Timugon Murut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"en:Footwear",
"en:Gums and resins"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gumboil"
},
{
"word": "gum-didder"
},
{
"word": "gum-digger"
},
{
"word": "gum-digging"
},
{
"word": "gum disease"
},
{
"word": "gum job"
},
{
"word": "gumless"
},
{
"word": "gummed"
},
{
"word": "gummy"
},
{
"word": "gum ridge"
},
{
"word": "gum-ring"
},
{
"word": "gum-rubber"
},
{
"word": "gum shield"
},
{
"word": "gum-stake"
},
{
"word": "gum-tickler"
},
{
"word": "gum-tooth"
},
{
"word": "gumwork"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gome",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gōma",
"4": "",
"5": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Old English gōma (“palate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gōmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumô",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "*gaumô (“palate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gaumen"
},
"expansion": "German Gaumen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gómur"
},
"expansion": "gómur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰh₂u-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "koyṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "to gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”) (compare German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr (whence Icelandic gómur)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo- (compare Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”). More at yawn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The flesh around the teeth."
],
"links": [
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"teeth",
"teeth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "medical",
"word": "gingiva"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "tandvleis"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nullë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nullëz"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gingivë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لِثَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "لَثَة"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lesa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "afb",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Gulf-Arabic"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "liṯṯa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لثة"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "latta",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لتة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cheniva"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "geniva"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lind",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "լինդ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dzindzie"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dzindzii"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enxiva"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xenxiva"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş əti"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "oi"
},
{
"code": "sne",
"lang": "Bau Bidayuh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dode"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "dzjasná",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дзясна́"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngaros"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "venéc",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вене́ц"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "swa:hpum:",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "သွားဖုံး"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "geniva"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lagos"
},
{
"code": "dtp",
"lang": "Central Dusun",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "monsis"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nyip"
},
{
"code": "mel",
"lang": "Central Melanau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "dadan"
},
{
"code": "cbk",
"lang": "Chavacano",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "encia"
},
{
"code": "ny",
"lang": "Chichewa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nkhama"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齒齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐyín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齿龈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "牙齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yáyín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "牙龈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yín",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "龈"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kig dens"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dáseň"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandkød"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gumme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandvlees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingivo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ige"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhald"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhold"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannkjøt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ikenet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gencive"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenzie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "enxiva"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasa",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "სასა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣrʒili",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ღრძილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zahnfleisch"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Billere"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "oúlo",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ούλο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "oûlon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "οὖλον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khanikháim",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine"
],
"word": "חניכיים"
},
{
"code": "hil",
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lasi"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "masūṛā",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मसूड़ा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "íny"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "fogíny"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannhold"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "jenjivo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gusi"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ien"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingiva"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"roman": "ikkiq",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᐃᒃᑭᖅ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drandal"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carball"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"alt": "はぐき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haguki",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "齦"
},
{
"alt": "はぐき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haguki",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯茎"
},
{
"alt": "しぎん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shigin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯齦"
},
{
"alt": "しにく, shiniku, はにく, haniku",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "歯肉"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"roman": "gusi",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ꦒꦸꦱꦶ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qyzyl iek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "қызыл иек"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tıstıñ et",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "тістің ет"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "cəəng thmɨñ",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ជើងធ្មេញ"
},
{
"code": "kqr",
"lang": "Kimaragang",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngonsis"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "inmom",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "잇몸"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pûk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "پووک"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pidû"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pidî"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "ngư̄ak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ເຫງືອກ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "fan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ຟັນ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "muzlys"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingīva"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "smaganas"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dantenos"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenziva"
},
{
"code": "dtr",
"lang": "Lotud",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "monsis"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"roman": "ṅgoek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᦵᦄᦲᧅ"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zännfleesch"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "desni",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "десни"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gusi"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "uman",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ᡠᠮᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "goos"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bujl",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буйл"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "awótsíín"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "gijā",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "गिजा"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "denchive"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tannkjøtt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "diş eti",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "دیش اتی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "lase",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "لثه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "aruk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "اروک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âruk",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "آروک"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ziye",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "زیه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"english": "arak, arok",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ارک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dziąsło"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "dziąsła"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gengiva"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gingie"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schunschiva"
},
{
"code": "drg",
"lang": "Rungus",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ngonsis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "desná",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "десна́"
},
{
"code": "bsy",
"lang": "Sabah Bisaya",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghinghía"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "benzía"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sénsia"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "де̑сни"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "dȇsni"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingili"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "cincili"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinzìa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ďasno"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dlésen"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "źěsna"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "dźasna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "encía"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "ufizi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tandkött"
},
{
"code": "mvv",
"lang": "Tagal Murut",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gilagid"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "vora",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "вора"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "milki dandon",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "милки дандон"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngʉ̀ʉak",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "เหงือก"
},
{
"code": "tih",
"lang": "Timugon Murut",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "sinsilon"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş eti"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "diş eti"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jásna",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́сна"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "milk"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinzìva"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zenzìva"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xenxìva"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "nướu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lợi"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "gingif"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "lagos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deintgig"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gorcharfan"
},
{
"code": "bdr",
"lang": "West Coast Bajau",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"word": "isi impon"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "flesh around teeth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "toskfleis"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Timugon Murut terms in nonstandard scripts",
"en:Footwear",
"en:Gums and resins"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gome",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gōma",
"4": "",
"5": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Old English gōma (“palate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gōmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gōmô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gaumô",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "*gaumô (“palate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Gaumen"
},
"expansion": "German Gaumen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gómr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gómr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gómur"
},
"expansion": "gómur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰh₂u-mo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ko"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "koyṃ",
"3": "",
"4": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gomurỹs",
"3": "",
"4": "palate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰeh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "to gape, yawn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”) (compare German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr (whence Icelandic gómur)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo- (compare Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”). More at yawn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal."
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"toothless",
"toothless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer."
],
"links": [
[
"gummer",
"gummer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Footwear",
"en:Gums and resins"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "acacia gum"
},
{
"word": "acaroid gum"
},
{
"word": "accaroid gum"
},
{
"word": "accroides gum"
},
{
"word": "apple-gum"
},
{
"word": "arabic gum"
},
{
"word": "art gum"
},
{
"word": "Barbary gum"
},
{
"word": "bee gum"
},
{
"word": "begum"
},
{
"word": "black gum"
},
{
"word": "blue gum"
},
{
"word": "box-gum"
},
{
"word": "British gum"
},
{
"word": "bubble gum"
},
{
"word": "bubble-gum"
},
{
"word": "bubblegum"
},
{
"word": "cabbage gum"
},
{
"word": "Cape gum"
},
{
"word": "carob gum"
},
{
"word": "chagual gum"
},
{
"word": "chewing gum"
},
{
"word": "chicle gum"
},
{
"word": "cider gum"
},
{
"word": "cow gum"
},
{
"word": "cushion gum"
},
{
"word": "dammar gum"
},
{
"word": "degum"
},
{
"word": "doctor-gum"
},
{
"word": "doctor's gum"
},
{
"word": "elastic gum"
},
{
"word": "flooded gum"
},
{
"word": "free gum"
},
{
"word": "gellan gum"
},
{
"word": "ghatti gum"
},
{
"word": "ghost gum"
},
{
"word": "grilled gum"
},
{
"word": "guar gum"
},
{
"word": "gum acacia"
},
{
"word": "gum acaroidea"
},
{
"word": "gum accroides"
},
{
"word": "gum albanum"
},
{
"word": "gum ammoniac"
},
{
"word": "gum anima"
},
{
"word": "gum animé"
},
{
"word": "gum animi"
},
{
"word": "gum animal"
},
{
"word": "gum arabic"
},
{
"word": "gumball"
},
{
"word": "gum band"
},
{
"word": "gum benjamin"
},
{
"word": "gum benzoin"
},
{
"word": "gum bichromate"
},
{
"word": "gum-boiler"
},
{
"word": "gum boot"
},
{
"word": "gumboot"
},
{
"word": "gum-bucket"
},
{
"word": "gum butea"
},
{
"word": "gum camphor"
},
{
"word": "gum-chewer"
},
{
"word": "gum-chewing"
},
{
"word": "gum cistus"
},
{
"word": "gum coolibah"
},
{
"word": "gum dammar"
},
{
"word": "gum-digger"
},
{
"word": "gum-digging"
},
{
"word": "gum dragon"
},
{
"word": "gum-drop"
},
{
"word": "gumdrop"
},
{
"word": "gum elastic"
},
{
"word": "gum elemi"
},
{
"word": "gum eraser"
},
{
"word": "gum eurphorbium"
},
{
"word": "gum-field"
},
{
"word": "gum-flowers"
},
{
"word": "gum-game"
},
{
"word": "gum guaiac"
},
{
"word": "gum-hole"
},
{
"word": "gum ivy"
},
{
"word": "gum juniper"
},
{
"word": "gum karaya"
},
{
"word": "gum kino"
},
{
"word": "gum labdanum"
},
{
"word": "gum lac"
},
{
"word": "gum-land"
},
{
"word": "gumlands"
},
{
"word": "gum lift"
},
{
"word": "gum-line"
},
{
"word": "gumline"
},
{
"word": "gummage"
},
{
"word": "gummy"
},
{
"word": "gum myrrh"
},
{
"word": "gum myrtle"
},
{
"word": "gum nut"
},
{
"word": "gum of ivy"
},
{
"word": "gum olibanum"
},
{
"word": "gum over platinum"
},
{
"word": "gum-paper"
},
{
"word": "gum passage"
},
{
"word": "gum plant"
},
{
"word": "gum-platinum"
},
{
"word": "gum pot"
},
{
"word": "gum print"
},
{
"word": "gum printing"
},
{
"word": "gum-rash"
},
{
"word": "gum-resin"
},
{
"word": "gum resin"
},
{
"word": "gum rockrose"
},
{
"word": "gum sandarac"
},
{
"word": "gum sangapenum"
},
{
"word": "gum-seal"
},
{
"word": "gum-senegal"
},
{
"word": "gumshoe"
},
{
"word": "gum silk"
},
{
"word": "gum stick"
},
{
"word": "gum-succory"
},
{
"word": "gum-sucker"
},
{
"word": "gum-taffeta"
},
{
"word": "gum-thistle"
},
{
"word": "gum thus"
},
{
"word": "gum tragacanth"
},
{
"word": "gum tree"
},
{
"word": "gum turpentine"
},
{
"word": "gum up the works"
},
{
"word": "gum water"
},
{
"word": "gum wood"
},
{
"word": "gumwood"
},
{
"word": "gum-worker"
},
{
"word": "hashab gum"
},
{
"word": "hog gum"
},
{
"word": "hog-gum"
},
{
"word": "iron gum"
},
{
"word": "karaya gum"
},
{
"word": "kauri gum"
},
{
"word": "Kordofan gum"
},
{
"word": "locust bean gum"
},
{
"word": "log gum"
},
{
"word": "mahogany gum"
},
{
"word": "manna gum"
},
{
"word": "mastic gum"
},
{
"word": "mountain gum"
},
{
"word": "Murray red gum"
},
{
"word": "natural gum"
},
{
"word": "nicotine gum"
},
{
"word": "orange gum"
},
{
"word": "Persian gum"
},
{
"word": "red-gum"
},
{
"word": "red gum"
},
{
"word": "ribbon gum"
},
{
"word": "river gum"
},
{
"word": "river red gum"
},
{
"word": "rose gum"
},
{
"word": "slum gum"
},
{
"word": "slumgum"
},
{
"word": "snappy gum"
},
{
"word": "snow gum"
},
{
"word": "sonora gum"
},
{
"word": "sour gum"
},
{
"word": "spotted gum"
},
{
"word": "spruce gum"
},
{
"word": "sterculia gum"
},
{
"word": "stick of gum"
},
{
"word": "stinking gum"
},
{
"word": "strike me up a gum tree"
},
{
"word": "sugar gum"
},
{
"word": "sugar-gum"
},
{
"word": "swamp gum"
},
{
"word": "sweet gum"
},
{
"word": "sweet gum-tree"
},
{
"word": "sweet gum tree"
},
{
"word": "tara gum"
},
{
"word": "Tasmanian blue gum"
},
{
"word": "ungum"
},
{
"word": "up a gum tree"
},
{
"word": "walk and chew gum at the same time"
},
{
"word": "white gum"
},
{
"word": "white gum poison"
},
{
"word": "wine gum"
},
{
"word": "wood gum"
},
{
"word": "xanthan gum"
},
{
"word": "yellow gum"
},
{
"word": "York gum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gomme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gomme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gumme"
},
"expansion": "gumme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gome",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gumma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gumma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cummi"
},
"expansion": "Latin cummi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gummi"
},
"expansion": "gummi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόμμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "qmy",
"4": "",
"5": "anointing oil"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "qmyt",
"3": "",
"4": "acanthus resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "goma",
"3": "",
"4": "rubber"
},
"expansion": "Spanish goma (“rubber”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "gumma"
},
{
"word": "gummatous"
},
{
"word": "gummic acid"
},
{
"word": "gummiferous"
},
{
"word": "gummite"
},
{
"word": "gummose"
},
{
"word": "gummosis"
},
{
"word": "gummosity"
},
{
"word": "gummous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205",
"text": "[…] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"exude",
"exude"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Chewing gum."
],
"links": [
[
"Chewing gum",
"chewing gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do you have a gum to spare?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388",
"text": "Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A single piece of chewing gum."
],
"links": [
[
"chewing gum",
"chewing gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A single piece of chewing gum."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"South African English"
],
"glosses": [
"A gummi candy."
],
"links": [
[
"gummi",
"gummi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy."
],
"tags": [
"South-Africa",
"countable",
"in-plural",
"often",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Southern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive."
],
"links": [
[
"hive",
"hive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Southern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel or bin made from a hollow log."
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"bin",
"bin"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A rubber overshoe."
],
"links": [
[
"rubber",
"rubber"
],
[
"overshoe",
"overshoe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect) A rubber overshoe."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gum tree."
],
"links": [
[
"gum tree",
"gum tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣamḡ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَمْغ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xež",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "խեժ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smola",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смола"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klej",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клей"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gummi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "vaik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kummi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gomme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resina"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kautschuk"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kómmi",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κόμμι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "gloiós",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γλοιός"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guma"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "coa cʰəə",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ជ័រឈើ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "pia"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teoru"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "trēowteoru"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "angom",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "انگم"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kamedʹ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "камедь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smola",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смола"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "niryāsa",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "निर्यास"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "dravya",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "द्रव्य"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gummi"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kalamak"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yaang",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ยาง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kauçuk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kamedʹ",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "камедь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "glej",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ґлей"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sticky substance exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwm"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xež",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "խեժ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "syntetgummi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gomme"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "guma"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "yaang",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "ยาง"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gaao",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "กาว"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"word": "kauçuk"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwm"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عِلْكَة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lubāna",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "لُبَانة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "camon",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "ծամոն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎvka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дъвка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kǒuxiāngtáng",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "口香糖"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tyggegummi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "näts"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chewing-gum"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma de mascar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaugummi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiclete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goma de mascar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žvačka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жвачка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "žuvačka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "chicle"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tuggummi"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "màak-fà-ràng",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"word": "หมากฝรั่ง"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žujka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жуйка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "humka",
"sense": "single piece of chewing gum",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гумка"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Egyptian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Footwear",
"en:Gums and resins"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gum up"
},
{
"word": "by gum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gomme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gomme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gumme"
},
"expansion": "gumme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gome"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gome",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gumma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gumma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cummi"
},
"expansion": "Latin cummi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gummi"
},
"expansion": "gummi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόμμι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "egy",
"3": "qmy",
"4": "",
"5": "anointing oil"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "qmyt",
"3": "",
"4": "acanthus resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "goma",
"3": "",
"4": "rubber"
},
"expansion": "Spanish goma (“rubber”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, page 184",
"text": "However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"adhesive",
"adhesive"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to."
],
"tags": [
"sometimes",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stiffen with glue or gum."
],
"links": [
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language",
"text": "It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To inelegantly attach into a sequence."
],
"links": [
[
"together",
"together#English"
],
[
"inelegantly",
"inelegantly"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"sequence",
"sequence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with together"
],
"tags": [
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves."
},
{
"text": "The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impair the functioning of a thing or process."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"impair",
"impair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"with-up"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg/En-us-gum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-gum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "gŭm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gùm",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ha",
"2": "ideophone",
"head": "gùm",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gùm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ideophone",
"2": "gùm"
},
"expansion": "gùm",
"name": "ha-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Hausa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hausa entries with incorrect language header",
"Hausa ideophones",
"Hausa lemmas",
"Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"smelling bad"
],
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"ideophone"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡùm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʷʊ̀m]",
"note": "Standard Kano Hausa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sùm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to boast, to exaggerate",
"word": "guma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gaumō",
"t": "attention, heed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guminu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "gums",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "gums",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "u",
"3": "m"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "gum",
"accpd": "gumin",
"accs": "gum",
"accsd": "gumið",
"datp": "gumum",
"datpd": "gumunum",
"dats": "gumi",
"datsd": "guminu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "guma",
"genpd": "gumanna",
"gens": "gums",
"gensd": "gumsins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "gum",
"nompd": "gumin",
"noms": "gum",
"nomsd": "gumið",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "gum",
"accpd": "gumin",
"accs": "gum",
"accsd": "gumið",
"datp": "gumum",
"datpd": "gumunum",
"dats": "gumi",
"datsd": "guminu",
"genp": "guma",
"genpd": "gumanna",
"gens": "gums",
"gensd": "gumsins",
"nomp": "gum",
"nompd": "gumin",
"noms": "gum",
"nomsd": "gumið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic neuter nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːm",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːm/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"boasting, exaggeration"
],
"links": [
[
"boasting",
"boasting"
],
[
"exaggeration",
"exaggeration"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gort"
},
{
"word": "raup"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʏːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏːm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gumme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gumme"
],
"links": [
[
"gumme",
"gumme#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "gum f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "guma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of guma"
],
"links": [
[
"guma",
"guma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Komi:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koi",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Permyak: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Permyak: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-kya",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Yazva: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Yazva: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "гум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: гум (gum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Komi-Zyrian: гум (gum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "гумы"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt: гумы (gumy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udmurt: гумы (gumy)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "гумө"
},
"expansion": "гумө (gumå)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Beserman: гумө (gumå)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "käämi"
},
"expansion": "Finnish käämi",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Lytkin (1970) proposes a relation with Finnish käämi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gumj-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumtäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gumjasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*gumj-"
},
"expansion": "*gum (stem *gumj-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gumj"
},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/gum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Permic lemmas",
"Proto-Permic nouns",
"urj-prm-pro:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"stalk"
],
"links": [
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kum"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gumı",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "3rd person possessive",
"4": "gumı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "gumlar",
"f1accel-form": "poss|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gumı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)",
"name": "slr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Salar",
"lang_code": "slr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Salar entries with incorrect language header",
"Salar lemmas",
"Salar nouns",
"Salar terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Salar terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Salar terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum]",
"note": "Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from English",
"Scots terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "en",
"3": "gum"
},
"expansion": "English gum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English gum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gums",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gum"
],
"links": [
[
"gum",
"gum#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "gums",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (plural gums)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mist, vapour, haze"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
],
[
"haze",
"haze"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gumm"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic conjunctions",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I'm certain that he would be happy.",
"text": "Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte."
}
],
"glosses": [
"that"
],
"links": [
[
"that",
"that#Conjunction"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gu"
},
{
"word": "gun"
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gum",
"word": "𒄣"
}
],
"categories": [
"Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sumerian non-lemma forms",
"Sumerian romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𒄣 (gum)"
],
"links": [
[
"𒄣",
"𒄣#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f2request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])",
"name": "tk-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Turkmen",
"lang_code": "tk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for inflections in Turkmen entries",
"Turkmen entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkmen lemmas",
"Turkmen nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"sand"
],
"links": [
[
"sand",
"sand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "an"
},
"expansion": "gum",
"name": "zza-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Zazaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Zazaki lemmas",
"Zazaki nouns",
"zza:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) cheek"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "gum"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Ido: __IGNORE__ (3)",
"path": [
"gum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Spanish: __IGNORE__ (1,2), __IGNORE__ (3)",
"path": [
"gum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: n-s",
"path": [
"gum"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.