See begum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be",
"3": "gum"
},
"expansion": "be- + gum",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From be- + gum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "begums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "begumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "begummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "begummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "begum (third-person singular simple present begums, present participle begumming, simple past and past participle begummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To daub or cover with gum."
],
"id": "en-begum-en-verb-2dMnQdZD",
"links": [
[
"daub",
"daub"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"gum",
"gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To daub or cover with gum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈɡʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"begum"
],
"word": "begum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "بیگم",
"tr": "bēgum"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian بیگم (bēgum)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "خانم",
"tr": "xānum"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian خانم (xānum)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian بیگم (bēgum), from East Turkic begüm, from beg (a title of nobility in Iran, Central Asia and South Asia) + -um (feminine suffix for titles of nobility). Compare Classical Persian خانم (xānum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "begums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "begum (plural begums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "male form of begum",
"word": "bey"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 26 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "He went to India with his capital, and there, according to a wild legend in our family, he was once seen riding on an elephant, in company with a Baboon; but I think it must have been a Baboo—or a Begum.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:",
"text": "She was the daughter of an English officer, who having fallen in love with an Indian Begum gave up home, country, and friends, and married her.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, “Bangladesh: Out of the basket”, in The Economist:",
"text": "toxic politics dominated by the bitter infighting of the “battling begums” (the widow and daughter of former presidents, who lead the two main parties).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a high-ranking Muslim woman, especially in South Asia"
],
"id": "en-begum-en-noun-pAF9dFo2",
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bēgum",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بيكُم"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "bəyim"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "begom",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "বেগম"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begum"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "begam",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बेगम"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "begüm",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "بیگم"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beygom",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "بیگم"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "béguma",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́гума"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "begum"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bēgaṁ",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "బేగం"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "begüm"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "begam",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بیگَم"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "begim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 85 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 74 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 81 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 85 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 54 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 58 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 58 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 72 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 62 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 60 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 75 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 58 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 53 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 58 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 66 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 58 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 45, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a known fact that an envoy from an Indian Prince, a Colonel Altamont, the Nawaub of Lucknow’s prime favourite, an extraordinary man, who had, it was said, embraced Mahometanism, and undergone a thousand wild and perilous adventures was at present in this country, trying to negotiate with the Begum Clavering, the sale of the Nawaub’s celebrated nose-ring diamond, ‘the light of the Dewan.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the form of address for such a woman"
],
"id": "en-begum-en-noun-5UuYhaUA",
"links": [
[
"form of address",
"form of address#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeɪɡəm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛɡəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɡəm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"begum"
],
"word": "begum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English terms prefixed with be-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɡəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɡəm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "be",
"3": "gum"
},
"expansion": "be- + gum",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From be- + gum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "begums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "begumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "begummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "begummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "begum (third-person singular simple present begums, present participle begumming, simple past and past participle begummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To daub or cover with gum."
],
"links": [
[
"daub",
"daub"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"gum",
"gum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To daub or cover with gum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈɡʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"begum"
],
"word": "begum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɡəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɡəm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "بیگم",
"tr": "bēgum"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian بیگم (bēgum)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "خانم",
"tr": "xānum"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian خانم (xānum)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian بیگم (bēgum), from East Turkic begüm, from beg (a title of nobility in Iran, Central Asia and South Asia) + -um (feminine suffix for titles of nobility). Compare Classical Persian خانم (xānum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "begums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "begum (plural begums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "male form of begum",
"word": "bey"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "He went to India with his capital, and there, according to a wild legend in our family, he was once seen riding on an elephant, in company with a Baboon; but I think it must have been a Baboo—or a Begum.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:",
"text": "She was the daughter of an English officer, who having fallen in love with an Indian Begum gave up home, country, and friends, and married her.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, “Bangladesh: Out of the basket”, in The Economist:",
"text": "toxic politics dominated by the bitter infighting of the “battling begums” (the widow and daughter of former presidents, who lead the two main parties).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a high-ranking Muslim woman, especially in South Asia"
],
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"South Asia",
"South Asia"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 45, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was a known fact that an envoy from an Indian Prince, a Colonel Altamont, the Nawaub of Lucknow’s prime favourite, an extraordinary man, who had, it was said, embraced Mahometanism, and undergone a thousand wild and perilous adventures was at present in this country, trying to negotiate with the Begum Clavering, the sale of the Nawaub’s celebrated nose-ring diamond, ‘the light of the Dewan.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the form of address for such a woman"
],
"links": [
[
"form of address",
"form of address#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbeɪɡəm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛɡəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum2.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-begum3.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-begum3.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɡəm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bēgum",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بيكُم"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "bəyim"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "begom",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "বেগম"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Begum"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "begam",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बेगम"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "begüm",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "بیگم"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "beygom",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "بیگم"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "béguma",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бе́гума"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "begum"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bēgaṁ",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "బేగం"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "begüm"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "begam",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بیگَم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a high ranking woman",
"word": "begim"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"begum"
],
"word": "begum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for begum meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.