gum

nl-noun

gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)

gummen (plural)
gummetje (diminutive neuter)

gom

eraser; now restricted to Belgium in the meaning


gum

(often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.

ܕܘܼܪܵܐ ܕܫܸܢܢܹܐ

dūrā dəšennēʾ

From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”).
See also German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr, Icelandic gómur; also Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”). More at yawn.


gum

To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.

(transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.

en-verb

gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

gums (present singular third-person)
gumming (participle present)
gummed (participle past)
gummed (past)


gum

gum arabic

gum-oleo-resin

(botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.

gum benzoin

[…] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]

1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205:

(chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.

Do you have a gum to spare?

Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.

2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:

(countable) A single piece of chewing gum.

(South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.

(US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.

(US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.

en-noun

gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

صَمْغ

sticky substance exuded by certain plants

խեժ

sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants

From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.


gum

However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.

2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:

(sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.

He frets like a gummed velvet.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.

1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:

(sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.

That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.

The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.

(colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.


gum

is-noun

gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)

gums (genitive singular)
gum (indefinite nominative singular)
gumið (definite nominative singular)
gum (accusative indefinite singular)
gumið (accusative definite singular)
gumi (dative indefinite singular)
guminu (dative definite singular)
gums (genitive indefinite singular)
gumsins (definite genitive singular)

From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”).


gum

gumj- (stem)
gum (nominative singular)
gumjas (nominative plural)
gum (accusative indefinite singular)
gumjas (accusative indefinite plural)
gumjäs (accusative definite singular)
gumjasäs (accusative definite plural)
gumjän (instrumental singular)
gumjasän (instrumental plural)
gumtäk (caritive singular)
gumjastäk (caritive plural)
gumla (consecutive singular)
gumjasla (consecutive plural)
gumlän (genitive singular)
gumjaslän (genitive plural)
gumliś (ablative singular)
gumjasliś (ablative plural)
gumli (dative singular)
gumjasli (dative plural)
gumjin (inessive singular)
gumjasin (inessive plural)
gumjiś (elative singular)
gumjasiś (elative plural)
gumjä (illative singular)
gumjasä (illative plural)
gumśań (egressive singular)
gumjasśań (egressive plural)
gumlań (approximative singular)
gumjaslań (approximative plural)
gumjäʒ́ (singular terminative)
gumjasäʒ́ (plural terminative)
gumti (singular translative)
gumjasti (plural translative)

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: гум (gum)

Komi-Yazva: гум (gum)

Komi-Zyrian: гум (gum)

Udmurt: гумы (gumy)

Beserman: гумө (gumå)

Lytkin (1970) proposes a relation with Finnish käämi.


gum

head

gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)

gumı (possessive third-person)
gumlar (plural)

Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang

From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.


gum

Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.


gum

Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte.


gum

gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”). Cognates with Turkish kum.