See -ku on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Malay -ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay -ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-nya"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 0 8 2 3 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 0 6 1 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my child",
"text": "anakku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"id": "en--ku-id-suffix-AfRwtqVO",
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 0 8 2 3 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 0 6 1 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he loves me",
"text": "dia mencintaiku",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he gave me a gift",
"text": "dia memberiku hadiah",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an direct or indirect object"
],
"id": "en--ku-id-suffix-5Zx~wtFy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an direct or indirect object"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 0 8 2 3 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 0 6 1 2 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "they are arrogant to me",
"text": "mereka sombong kepadaku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'."
],
"id": "en--ku-id-suffix-wcl5wPcW",
"links": [
[
"di",
"di#Indonesian"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Indonesian"
],
[
"dalam",
"dalam#Indonesian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-koe (1901–1947)"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "く"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of く"
],
"id": "en--ku-ja-romanization-zaUdvJm2",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"く",
"く#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "possessive suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "Lontara spelling",
"6": "ᨀᨘ"
},
"expansion": "-ku (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Makasar",
"lang_code": "mak",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "1st sg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "1st pl excl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nakke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-a'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "1st pl excl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kambe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-kang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-mang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "1st pl incl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "2nd sg polite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "katte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ki'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "2nd sg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pl familiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kau"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nu-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-nu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "3rd sg "
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": ""
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "na-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-na"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"my"
],
"id": "en--ku-mak-suffix-A4RoUYrY",
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Makasar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Makasar pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"our (first person plural exclusive)"
],
"id": "en--ku-mak-suffix-5cInAaBq",
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ku]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ngku"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-کو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "-کو"
},
"expansion": "-ku (Jawi spelling -کو)",
"name": "ms-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "informal"
},
"expansion": "(informal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "saya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ساي aku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "اکو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "كو- -ku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "-كو hamba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "همبا"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "kami"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "کامي kita orang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "كيت اورڠ kita"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "کيت"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "بيتا"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "کامو anda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "اندا"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "engkau"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "اڠکاو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "kau-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "كاو- awak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "اوق -mu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "-مو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "awak semua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "اوق سموا kamu semua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "كامو سموا kalian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "کالين kau orang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "كاو اورڠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tuanku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "توانكو"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "dia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "دي ia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "اي beliau"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "بلياو -nya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "-ڽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "mereka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "مريک dia orang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "دي اورڠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "baginda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "بݢيندا"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He scolded me.",
"text": "Dia memarahiku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me (direct object of a verb)"
],
"id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-IEaL72DD",
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He went with me.",
"text": "Dia pergi denganku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me (object of a preposition)"
],
"id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-fu5VplhE",
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 33 43 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me (indirect object of a verb)"
],
"id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-cdlRLnlJ",
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"My Country\"",
"text": "Negaraku",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This is my house.",
"text": "Ini rumahku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"my (belonging to me)"
],
"id": "en--ku-ms-suffix-jxdBl~b5",
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ku"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean me"
],
"id": "en--ku-mi-suffix-T7ERUuGp",
"links": [
[
"me",
"me#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "au"
},
{
"word": "ahau"
},
{
"word": "māua"
},
{
"word": "mātou"
},
{
"word": "tāua"
},
{
"word": "tātou"
},
{
"word": "koe"
},
{
"word": "kōrua"
},
{
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"word": "ia"
},
{
"word": "rāua"
},
{
"word": "rātou"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pipil",
"lang_code": "ppl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
],
"id": "en--ku-ppl-suffix-zcpevLWM",
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-k"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mayllay (“to wash something”) → mayllakuy (“to wash oneself”)"
},
{
"text": "rantiy (“to buy something”) → rantikuy (“to buy something for oneself”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive suffix: to or for oneself"
],
"id": "en--ku-qu-suffix-COQfYM6~",
"links": [
[
"reflexive suffix",
"reflexive#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Phags-pa ꡢꡟ (-qu), ꡂꡟ (-gu), ꡁꡟ (-k'u)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arabic: قو (-qu), كو (-ku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Classical: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: -х (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /-xu/, /-ᵏxʉ/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: -х (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "-ха",
"3": "-хэ",
"4": "-хо"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: -ха (-xa), -хэ (-xe), -хо (-xo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: -ха (-xa), -хэ (-xe), -хо (-xo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "-xu",
"3": "-ku",
"4": "-kü"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: -xu, -ku, -kü",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: -xu, -ku, -kü"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "-gw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: -gw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: -gw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "-ghi",
"3": "-qi",
"4": "-gi",
"5": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: -ghi, -qi, -gi, -ki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: -ghi, -qi, -gi, -ki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Mangghuer: -ku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mangghuer: -ku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "-gu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: -gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: -gu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "-gu",
"3": "-ge",
"4": "-ku",
"5": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "Bonan: -gu, -ge, -ku, -ke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonan: -gu, -ge, -ku, -ke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "-ku",
"3": "-wu"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang: -ku, -wu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dongxiang: -ku, -wu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: -ku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: -ku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"sc": "Kits",
"tr": "hu"
},
"expansion": "Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-ku",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-kuï"
},
{
"word": "-kun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"future participle suffix"
],
"id": "en--ku-xgn-pro-suffix-NI8qgfPb",
"tags": [
"future",
"morpheme",
"participle",
"reconstruction",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian suffixes",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Malay -ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay -ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-mu"
},
{
"word": "-nya"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian informal terms",
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my child",
"text": "anakku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As a possessive adjective."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian informal terms",
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he loves me",
"text": "dia mencintaiku",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he gave me a gift",
"text": "dia memberiku hadiah",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an direct or indirect object"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an direct or indirect object"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian informal terms",
"Indonesian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "they are arrogant to me",
"text": "mereka sombong kepadaku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'."
],
"links": [
[
"di",
"di#Indonesian"
],
[
"ke",
"ke#Indonesian"
],
[
"dalam",
"dalam#Indonesian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(casual or informal) First person singular oblique enclitic pronoun.",
"As an object of a preposition, with the exception for 'di', 'ke', and 'dalam'."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-koe (1901–1947)"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "く"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of く"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"く",
"く#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"categories": [
"Makasar entries with incorrect language header",
"Makasar lemmas",
"Makasar pronouns",
"Makasar suffixes",
"Makasar terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Makasar terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Makasar terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Makasar terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "possessive suffix",
"4": "",
"5": "Lontara spelling",
"6": "ᨀᨘ"
},
"expansion": "-ku (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Makasar",
"lang_code": "mak",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "1st sg"
},
{
"word": "1st pl excl"
},
{
"word": "nakke"
},
{
"word": "-a'"
},
{
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "1st pl excl"
},
{
"word": "kambe"
},
{
"word": "-kang"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "-mang"
},
{
"word": "1st pl incl"
},
{
"word": "2nd sg polite"
},
{
"word": "katte"
},
{
"word": "-ki'"
},
{
"word": "-ta"
},
{
"word": "2nd sg"
},
{
"word": "pl familiar"
},
{
"word": "kau"
},
{
"word": "-ko"
},
{
"word": "nu-"
},
{
"word": "-nu"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "3rd sg "
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": ""
},
{
"word": "ia"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "na-"
},
{
"word": "-na"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"my"
],
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"our (first person plural exclusive)"
],
"links": [
[
"our",
"our"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"possessive",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ku]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ngku"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay informal terms",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay suffixes",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/ku",
"Rhymes:Malay/u"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ku",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ku, from Proto-Austronesian *ku.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-کو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "-کو"
},
"expansion": "-ku (Jawi spelling -کو)",
"name": "ms-suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "informal"
},
"expansion": "(informal)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "saya"
},
{
"word": "ساي aku"
},
{
"word": "اکو"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "كو- -ku"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "-كو hamba"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God",
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"possessive"
],
"word": "همبا"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "kami"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "کامي kita orang"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "كيت اورڠ kita"
},
{
"tags": [
"exclusive",
"inclusive",
"informal"
],
"word": "کيت"
},
{
"word": "beta"
},
{
"word": "بيتا"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "کامو anda"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "اندا"
},
{
"word": "engkau"
},
{
"word": "اڠکاو"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "kau-"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "كاو- awak"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "اوق -mu"
},
{
"english": "informal/towards God; friendly/older towards younger",
"tags": [
"possessive"
],
"word": "-مو"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "awak semua"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "اوق سموا kamu semua"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "كامو سموا kalian"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "کالين kau orang"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "كاو اورڠ"
},
{
"word": "tuanku"
},
{
"word": "توانكو"
},
{
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "dia"
},
{
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "دي ia"
},
{
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "اي beliau"
},
{
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "بلياو -nya"
},
{
"tags": [
"honorific",
"possessive"
],
"word": "-ڽ"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "mereka"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "مريک dia orang"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "دي اورڠ"
},
{
"word": "baginda"
},
{
"word": "بݢيندا"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He scolded me.",
"text": "Dia memarahiku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me (direct object of a verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He went with me.",
"text": "Dia pergi denganku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"me (object of a preposition)"
],
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"me (indirect object of a verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "\"My Country\"",
"text": "Negaraku",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This is my house.",
"text": "Ini rumahku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"my (belonging to me)"
],
"links": [
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ku/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ku"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "au"
},
{
"word": "ahau"
},
{
"word": "māua"
},
{
"word": "mātou"
},
{
"word": "tāua"
},
{
"word": "tātou"
},
{
"word": "koe"
},
{
"word": "kōrua"
},
{
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"word": "ia"
},
{
"word": "rāua"
},
{
"word": "rātou"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean me"
],
"links": [
[
"me",
"me#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pipil",
"lang_code": "ppl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
"Pipil lemmas",
"Pipil suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) locative suffix (meaning \"in\") used after a consonant"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-k"
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "-kuï"
},
{
"word": "-kun"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xng"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Mongol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Phags-pa ꡢꡟ (-qu), ꡂꡟ (-gu), ꡁꡟ (-k'u)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arabic: قو (-qu), كو (-ku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mongolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Classical: -ᠬᠤ (-qu), -ᠬᠦ (-kü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn-kha",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Khalkha Mongolian: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalkha Mongolian: -х (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ordos: /-xu/, /-ᵏxʉ/"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xal",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Kalmyk: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalmyk: -х (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "-ха",
"3": "-хэ",
"4": "-хо"
},
"expansion": "Buryat: -ха (-xa), -хэ (-xe), -хо (-xo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buryat: -ха (-xa), -хэ (-xe), -хо (-xo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ykh",
"2": "-xu",
"3": "-ku",
"4": "-kü"
},
"expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol: -xu, -ku, -kü",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khamnigan Mongol: -xu, -ku, -kü"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "-gw"
},
"expansion": "Daur: -gw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Daur: -gw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yuy",
"2": "-ghi",
"3": "-qi",
"4": "-gi",
"5": "-ki"
},
"expansion": "East Yugur: -ghi, -qi, -gi, -ki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Yugur: -ghi, -qi, -gi, -ki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monguor:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgr",
"2": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Mangghuer: -ku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mangghuer: -ku"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mjg-mgl",
"2": "-gu"
},
"expansion": "Mongghul: -gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongghul: -gu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peh",
"2": "-gu",
"3": "-ge",
"4": "-ku",
"5": "-ke"
},
"expansion": "Bonan: -gu, -ge, -ku, -ke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonan: -gu, -ge, -ku, -ke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "-ku",
"3": "-wu"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang: -ku, -wu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dongxiang: -ku, -wu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhj",
"2": "-ku"
},
"expansion": "Mogholi: -ku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mogholi: -ku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkt",
"sc": "Kits",
"tr": "hu"
},
"expansion": "Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Khitan [Khitan small needed] (hu), [Khitan small needed] (gi), [Khitan small needed] (ho).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-ku",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes",
"Requests for Khitan small script for Khitan terms"
],
"glosses": [
"future participle suffix"
],
"tags": [
"future",
"morpheme",
"participle",
"reconstruction",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ku",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mayllay (“to wash something”) → mayllakuy (“to wash oneself”)"
},
{
"text": "rantiy (“to buy something”) → rantikuy (“to buy something for oneself”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflexive suffix: to or for oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"reflexive suffix",
"reflexive#English"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ku"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ku meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Lontara spelling ᨀᨘ",
"path": [
"-ku"
],
"section": "Makasar",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ku",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ku"
],
"section": "Malay",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ku",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-ku"
],
"section": "Malay",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ku",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.