See chaff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaffbag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaff engine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Acyranthes spp.",
"word": "chaff flower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Fringilla coelebs",
"word": "chaffinch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaffless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chafflike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Achyranthes arborescens",
"word": "chaff tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaffweed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaffy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prickly chaff flower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "separate the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sort the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "winnow the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "you can't catch old birds with chaff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots caff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Sääf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sääf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjêf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjêf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaf, from Old English ċeaf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf. Cognate with Scots caff, Saterland Frisian Sääf, West Frisian tsjêf, Dutch kaf, German Low German Kaff, regional German Kaff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "chaff (usually uncountable, plural chaffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "paleaceous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "paleous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: bran"
},
{
"text": "To separate out the chaff, early cultures tossed baskets of grain into the air and let the wind blow away the lighter chaff.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1700, [John] Dryden, “The Cock and the Fox: Or, The Tale of the Nun’s Priest, from Chaucer”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 251:",
"text": "In the passage outside the door, the threshers, who had done their day's work, were stamping the snow off their feet before they came in, - their hair full of chaff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-noun-fIYJ5a9Z",
"links": [
[
"inedible",
"inedible"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byk"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "darman",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "դարման"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"hard"
],
"word": "հարդ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjakína",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мякі́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пало́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pljáva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пля́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pallús"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐkāng",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "秕糠"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "穀殼"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔké",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "谷壳"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "穀糠"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔkāng",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "谷糠"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cim",
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bülla"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avne"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ruumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "akana"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "balle"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "bale"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tasco"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muíña"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caño"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puxa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spreu"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spelze"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákhuron",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἄχυρον"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépuron",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπυρον"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mótz",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "מוץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pelyva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "korpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "palio"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "sekam"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóchán"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cáith"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pula"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusca"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"alt": "もみがら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "momigara",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "籾殻"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "もみがら"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wanggyeo",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "왕겨"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apluda"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palea"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kuef"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pleva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "umi",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ഉമി"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "ara",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ᠠᡵᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "àbet"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ac"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "òlva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "balòfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "plåvoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "plewy"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moinha"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palha"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleavă"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjakína",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мяки́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plével",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пле́вел"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "séčka",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поло́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "palāva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पलाव"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пљева"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pljeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "plevy"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paja"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagazo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "wishwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agn"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "glɛ̀ɛp",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "แกลบ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pīsäl"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "kepek"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "polóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поло́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "topan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "توپان"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kipek",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "كىپەك"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "trấu"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "manus"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tsjêf"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 7 3 3 4",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "npluag"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1831, William Youatt, The Horse, page 130:",
"text": "By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it, and time is given for the commencement of digestion, before fermentation can occur. In this way chaff is very useful, especially after long fasts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-noun-pWTm6Wf~",
"links": [
[
"Straw",
"straw"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "silppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "empallada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mastullada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "szecska"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vaykkōl",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "വയ്ക്കോൽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "tiawhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sieczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pienso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 2 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síčka",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сі́чка"
}
]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix]:",
"text": "the chaff and ruin of the times",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1927-1929, Mahatma Gandhi, chapter XXI, in Mahadev Desai, transl., The Story of My Experiments with Truth, published 1940:",
"text": "Who that has prided himself on his spiritual strength has not seen it humbled to the dust? A knowledge of religion, as distinguished from experience, seems but chaff in such moments of trial.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any excess or unwanted material, resource, or person; anything worthless."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-noun-7tLwo2VC",
"links": [
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any excess or unwanted material, resource, or person; anything worthless."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pljáva",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пля́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "kaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "akanat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"alt": "かす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kasu",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "滓"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "patirŭ",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "പതിര്"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otbrósy",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "отбро́сы"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пљева"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pljeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "paja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 82 1 15",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "wishwa"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 51, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "As for Huxter, perfectly at good-humour with himself, and the world, it never entered his mind that he could be disagreeable to anybody; and the little dispute, or “chaff,” as he styled it, of Vauxhall, was a trifle which he did not in the least regard.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was the chaff of the College at the time, but I could not help it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Light jesting talk; banter; raillery."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-noun-JcjZJj26",
"links": [
[
"banter",
"banter"
],
[
"raillery",
"raillery"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 93 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakačka",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "закачка"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 93 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "irvailu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 93 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "vinoilu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 93 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "whakatara"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 18 14 20 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 13 9 13 29 11 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 9 16 26 14 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 8 17 23 14 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 17 16 19 13 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 11 13 40 13 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 8 17 23 14 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 8 17 23 14 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 8 17 23 14 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 10 11 24 13 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 16 19 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 5 16 35 15 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with White Hmong translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 17 7 17 33 10 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal foods",
"orig": "en:Animal foods",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Loose material, e.g. small strips of aluminum foil dropped from aircraft, intended to interfere with radar detection."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "rope"
}
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-noun-2PlpfXMk",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"aircraft",
"aircraft"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
],
[
"radar",
"radar"
],
[
"detection",
"detection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) Loose material, e.g. small strips of aluminum foil dropped from aircraft, intended to interfere with radar detection."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "window"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 13 3 78",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "loose material dropped from aircraft to interfere with radar",
"word": "silppu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 13 3 78",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "loose material dropped from aircraft to interfere with radar",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Düppel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"word": "chaff"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chaffer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots caff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Sääf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sääf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjêf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjêf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaf, from Old English ċeaf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf. Cognate with Scots caff, Saterland Frisian Sääf, West Frisian tsjêf, Dutch kaf, German Low German Kaff, regional German Kaff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaff (third-person singular simple present chaffs, present participle chaffing, simple past and past participle chaffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 10 15 19 16 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 16 17 20 13 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 16 21 12 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 8 21 21 15 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 21 12 21 12 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 18 14 20 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 18 14 20 14 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 8 17 20 16 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 18 14 20 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 17 16 19 13 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 12 17 15 21 13 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 16 19 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to banter."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-verb-ZisPFAjT",
"links": [
[
"banter",
"banter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to banter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 21 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakačam se",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "закачам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 21 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "irvailla"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 21 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "vinoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 21 15",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karakau",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "からかう"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 21 15",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "whakatara"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 13 10 15 19 16 12 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 8 21 21 15 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 21 12 21 12 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 16 19 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 10, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "We were talking about it at mess, yesterday, and chaffing Derby Oaks—until he was as mad as a hatter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-verb-iewNsjNf",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "irvailla"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "vinoilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "moketar"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karakau",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "からかう"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 81 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "whakatara"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 13 8 17 20 16 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 11 16 19 16 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut up (straw or hay) for use as cattle feed."
],
"id": "en-chaff-en-verb-kqyx5E9h",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut up (straw or hay) for use as cattle feed."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"word": "chaff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æf",
"Rhymes:English/æf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cimbrian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"en:Animal foods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chaffbag"
},
{
"word": "chaff engine"
},
{
"alt": "Acyranthes spp.",
"word": "chaff flower"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Fringilla coelebs",
"word": "chaffinch"
},
{
"word": "chaffless"
},
{
"word": "chafflike"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Achyranthes arborescens",
"word": "chaff tree"
},
{
"word": "chaffweed"
},
{
"word": "chaffy"
},
{
"word": "prickly chaff flower"
},
{
"word": "separate the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"word": "sort the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"word": "winnow the wheat from the chaff"
},
{
"word": "you can't catch old birds with chaff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots caff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Sääf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sääf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjêf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjêf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaf, from Old English ċeaf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf. Cognate with Scots caff, Saterland Frisian Sääf, West Frisian tsjêf, Dutch kaf, German Low German Kaff, regional German Kaff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "chaff (usually uncountable, plural chaffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "paleaceous"
},
{
"word": "paleous"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: bran"
},
{
"text": "To separate out the chaff, early cultures tossed baskets of grain into the air and let the wind blow away the lighter chaff.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1700, [John] Dryden, “The Cock and the Fox: Or, The Tale of the Nun’s Priest, from Chaucer”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 251:",
"text": "In the passage outside the door, the threshers, who had done their day's work, were stamping the snow off their feet before they came in, - their hair full of chaff.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant."
],
"links": [
[
"inedible",
"inedible"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1831, William Youatt, The Horse, page 130:",
"text": "By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it, and time is given for the commencement of digestion, before fermentation can occur. In this way chaff is very useful, especially after long fasts.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle."
],
"links": [
[
"Straw",
"straw"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix]:",
"text": "the chaff and ruin of the times",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1927-1929, Mahatma Gandhi, chapter XXI, in Mahadev Desai, transl., The Story of My Experiments with Truth, published 1940:",
"text": "Who that has prided himself on his spiritual strength has not seen it humbled to the dust? A knowledge of religion, as distinguished from experience, seems but chaff in such moments of trial.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any excess or unwanted material, resource, or person; anything worthless."
],
"links": [
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any excess or unwanted material, resource, or person; anything worthless."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 51, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "As for Huxter, perfectly at good-humour with himself, and the world, it never entered his mind that he could be disagreeable to anybody; and the little dispute, or “chaff,” as he styled it, of Vauxhall, was a trifle which he did not in the least regard.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was the chaff of the College at the time, but I could not help it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Light jesting talk; banter; raillery."
],
"links": [
[
"banter",
"banter"
],
[
"raillery",
"raillery"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"Loose material, e.g. small strips of aluminum foil dropped from aircraft, intended to interfere with radar detection."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "rope"
}
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"aircraft",
"aircraft"
],
[
"interfere",
"interfere"
],
[
"radar",
"radar"
],
[
"detection",
"detection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) Loose material, e.g. small strips of aluminum foil dropped from aircraft, intended to interfere with radar detection."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "window"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byk"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "darman",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "դարման"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"hard"
],
"word": "հարդ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjakína",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мякі́на"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пало́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pljáva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пля́ва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pallús"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐkāng",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "秕糠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "穀殼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔké",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "谷壳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "穀糠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔkāng",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "谷糠"
},
{
"code": "cim",
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bülla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kaf"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ruumen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "akana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "balle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "bale"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tasco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muíña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caño"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puxa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spreu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kaff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spelze"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákhuron",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἄχυρον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "lépuron",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λέπυρον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mótz",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "מוץ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pelyva"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "korpa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "palio"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "sekam"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóchán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cáith"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pula"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusca"
},
{
"alt": "もみがら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "momigara",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "籾殻"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "もみがら"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wanggyeo",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "왕겨"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "apluda"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palea"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kuef"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pleva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "umi",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ഉമി"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karfa"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "ara",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "ᠠᡵᠠ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "àbet"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ac"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "òlva"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "balòfa"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "plåvoi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "plewy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moinha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palha"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleavă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mjakína",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мяки́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "plével",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пле́вел"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "séčka",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́чка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поло́ва"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "palāva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पलाव"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пљева"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pljeva"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "plevy"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "paja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "barcia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagazo"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "wishwa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "agn"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "glɛ̀ɛp",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "แกลบ"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "pīsäl"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "kepek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "polóva",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поло́ва"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "topan",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "توپان"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kipek",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "كىپەك"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "trấu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "manus"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tsjêf"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "inedible parts of grain plant",
"word": "npluag"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "silppu"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "empallada"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mastullada"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "szecska"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "vaykkōl",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "വയ്ക്കോൽ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"word": "tiawhe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sieczka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pienso"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "síčka",
"sense": "straw or hay cut up for cattle food",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сі́чка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pljáva",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пля́ва"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "kaf"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "akanat"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "palla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coaño"
},
{
"alt": "かす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kasu",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "滓"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "patirŭ",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "പതിര്"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otbrósy",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "отбро́сы"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "плева"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пљева"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pleva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pljeva"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "paja"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "excess or unwanted material",
"word": "wishwa"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakačka",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "закачка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "irvailu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "vinoilu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "light jesting talk",
"word": "whakatara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "loose material dropped from aircraft to interfere with radar",
"word": "silppu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "loose material dropped from aircraft to interfere with radar",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Düppel"
}
],
"word": "chaff"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æf",
"Rhymes:English/æf/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cimbrian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with White Hmong translations",
"en:Animal foods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chaffer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots caff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Sääf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sääf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjêf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjêf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kaff"
},
"expansion": "German Kaff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chaf, from Old English ċeaf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf. Cognate with Scots caff, Saterland Frisian Sääf, West Frisian tsjêf, Dutch kaf, German Low German Kaff, regional German Kaff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaff (third-person singular simple present chaffs, present participle chaffing, simple past and past participle chaffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to banter."
],
"links": [
[
"banter",
"banter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to banter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 10, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:",
"text": "We were talking about it at mess, yesterday, and chaffing Derby Oaks—until he was as mad as a hatter.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cut up (straw or hay) for use as cattle feed."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cut up (straw or hay) for use as cattle feed."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaff.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæf/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zakačam se",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "закачам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "irvailla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "vinoilla"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karakau",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "からかう"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to use idle language to ridicule",
"word": "whakatara"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "irvailla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "vinoilla"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "moketar"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karakau",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "からかう"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make fun of",
"word": "whakatara"
}
],
"word": "chaff"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaff meaning in English (29.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.