See 中國 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 中國 meaning in Chinese (53.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "隹{wéi} ^珷-王 既 克 ^大邑商，𠟭{zé} 廷 吿{gào} 于 ^天，曰：余 𠀠{qí} 宅 𢆶{zī} ^@𠁩{zhōng}@或{guó}，自 之 辥{yì} 民。",
"2": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"3": "CL-PC",
"collapsed": "y",
"ref": "He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)"
},
"expansion": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\n隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "China",
"orig": "zh:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "zh:Countries",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Countries in Asia",
"orig": "zh:Countries in Asia",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Polities",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中國中心主義"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中国中心主义"
},
{
"word": "中國之春"
},
{
"word": "中国之春"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中國人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中国人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中國人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中国人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中國人民解放軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中国人民解放军"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中國佬"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中国佬"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中國僑聯"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中国侨联"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中國內地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中国内地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中國共產黨"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中国共产党"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中國圖"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中国图"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中國城"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中国城"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中國大陸"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中国大陆"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中國威脅論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中国威胁论"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中國字"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中国字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中國學"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中国学"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中國崩潰論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中国崩溃论"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中國工農紅軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中国工农红军"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中國式"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中国式"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中國性"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中国性"
},
{
"word": "中國文字"
},
{
"word": "中国文字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中國海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中国海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中國特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中国特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國畫"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国画"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中國科大"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中国科大"
},
{
"word": "中國科學院"
},
{
"word": "中国科学院"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中國結"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中国结"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中國芒"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中国芒"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中國菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中国菜"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"word": "中國超新星"
},
{
"word": "中国超新星"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中國通"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中国通"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中國風"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中国风"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngméi",
"word": "中媒"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "傷害中國人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "伤害中国人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中國"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中国"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "舊中國"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "旧中国"
},
{
"word": "赤色中國"
},
{
"word": "赤色中国"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中國和平崛起／中国和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中國社會科學院／中国社会科学院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中國典籍英譯／中国典籍英译",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中國內政／干涉中国内政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"ref": "中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]\nZhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"ref": "他現在在中國旅行。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他现在在中国旅行。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"ref": "你喜歡中國文學嗎？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "你喜欢中国文学吗？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nNǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\nFú yǐ fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\nWèn zhě yuē: sìyí, shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\nTángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "國之語音，異乎^中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
"text": "From: c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\nZì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"ref": "有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
"text": "有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\njau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹. [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-name-NZ5jRYqd",
"links": [
[
"China",
"China#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "中"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōnghuá",
"word": "中華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōnghuá",
"word": "中华"
},
{
"roman": "Jiǔzhōu",
"word": "九州"
},
{
"roman": "Tángshān",
"word": "唐山"
},
{
"roman": "yùzhōng",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "域中"
},
{
"english": "lofty",
"roman": "tiānxià",
"word": "天下"
},
{
"roman": "Tiāncháo",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"historical"
],
"word": "天朝"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"obsolete",
"offensive",
"usually"
],
"word": "支那"
},
{
"roman": "Táohuāshí",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "桃花石"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of English China"
],
"tags": [
"transliteration"
],
"word": "猜拿"
},
{
"roman": "Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "種花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "种花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "脂那"
},
{
"roman": "Zhìnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "至那"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "華"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "华"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "华夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "諸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "诸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "諸華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "诸华"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣神州"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhèndàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "震旦"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "中國"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^중국(中國)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "中國",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Trung Quốc",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "中國"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "中國",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "中國",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "中%国",
"v": "中國",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"j": "中%国"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "Zungyguef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle Kingdom",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Keskustan valtakunta",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Empire du Milieu",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Reich der Mitte",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lic",
"2": "Dongxgok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hainanese"
},
"expansion": "(via Hainanese)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Tiongkok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hokkien"
},
"expansion": "(via Hokkien)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "Жуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "Reino Médio",
"3": "Reino do Meio",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "ꍏꇩ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཀྲུང་གོ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཀྲུང་ཀོ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "جۇڭگو",
"3": "Җуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cyrillic"
},
"expansion": "(Cyrillic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "zhungo"
},
"expansion": "Wutunhua: zhungo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wutunhua: zhungo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "Cunghgoz",
"3": "Cungguek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "隹{wéi} ^珷-王 既 克 ^大邑商，𠟭{zé} 廷 吿{gào} 于 ^天，曰：余 𠀠{qí} 宅 𢆶{zī} ^@𠁩{zhōng}@或{guó}，自 之 辥{yì} 民。",
"2": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"3": "CL-PC",
"collapsed": "y",
"ref": "He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)"
},
"expansion": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\n隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-wNEsZokx",
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"household",
"household"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"ref": "惠此中國，以綏四方。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "惠此中国，以绥四方。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nHuì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"ref": "我欲中國而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "我欲中国而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nWǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-K3oKcweP",
"links": [
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"reside",
"reside#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 85 7 8",
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "國中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 85 7 8",
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "国中"
}
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 3 7 34 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"ref": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nYù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"ref": "吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nWú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\nJiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-Bi4tzQVc",
"links": [
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 3 7 34 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\nJīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people of the Central Plain"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-Oa4wPBr-",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) people of the Central Plain"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上國"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shì",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "世"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiā",
"word": "公家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngtíng",
"word": "公庭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "cháotíng",
"word": "朝廷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángshì",
"word": "王室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángjiā",
"word": "王家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángcháo",
"word": "王朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huángshì",
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huángcháo",
"word": "皇朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngtǔ",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中土"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngzhōu",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中州"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "the central part of a country",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\nZhèlǐ de Zhōngguó shì zhǐ Rìběn de Zhōngguó Dìfāng, jí zhǐ Běnzhōu xībù de Gāngshān, Guǎngdǎo, Shānkǒu, Dǎogēn, Niǎoqǔ 5 xiàn. [Pinyin]\nHere, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chūgoku region of Japan"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-name-IGIJxtjK",
"links": [
[
"～地方",
"中國地方#Chinese"
],
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Chūgoku",
"Chūgoku"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "मध्यदेशे",
"g": "m-s",
"lit": "in the Middle Country",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Karashima, 2010"
},
"expansion": "Karashima, 2010",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मध्येषु जनपदेषु",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "in the central countries"
},
"expansion": "मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "邊地",
"2": "borderlands; frontiers"
},
"expansion": "邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-bhs",
"2": "प्रत्यन्तिम"
},
"expansion": "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रत्यन्त"
},
"expansion": "प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "paccantima"
},
"expansion": "Pali paccantima",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "majjhimesu janapadesu",
"lit": "in the middlemost countries",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "zh:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"\"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-0hJD4F1l",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) \"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abhidharmakośakārikā",
"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā",
"Ekottara Āgama"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio links",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中國中心主義"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中国中心主义"
},
{
"word": "中國之春"
},
{
"word": "中国之春"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中國人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中国人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中國人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中国人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中國人民解放軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中国人民解放军"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中國佬"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中国佬"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中國僑聯"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中国侨联"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中國內地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中国内地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中國共產黨"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中国共产党"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中國圖"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中国图"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中國城"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中国城"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中國大陸"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中国大陆"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中國威脅論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中国威胁论"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中國字"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中国字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中國學"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中国学"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中國崩潰論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中国崩溃论"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中國工農紅軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中国工农红军"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中國式"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中国式"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中國性"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中国性"
},
{
"word": "中國文字"
},
{
"word": "中国文字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中國海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中国海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中國特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中国特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國畫"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国画"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中國科大"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中国科大"
},
{
"word": "中國科學院"
},
{
"word": "中国科学院"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中國結"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中国结"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中國芒"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中国芒"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中國菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中国菜"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"word": "中國超新星"
},
{
"word": "中国超新星"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中國通"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中国通"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中國風"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中国风"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngméi",
"word": "中媒"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "傷害中國人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "伤害中国人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中國"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中国"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "舊中國"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "旧中国"
},
{
"word": "赤色中國"
},
{
"word": "赤色中国"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "隹{wéi} ^珷-王 既 克 ^大邑商，𠟭{zé} 廷 吿{gào} 于 ^天，曰：余 𠀠{qí} 宅 𢆶{zī} ^@𠁩{zhōng}@或{guó}，自 之 辥{yì} 民。",
"2": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"3": "CL-PC",
"collapsed": "y",
"ref": "He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)"
},
"expansion": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\n隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with quotations",
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples",
"zh:China",
"zh:Countries",
"zh:Countries in Asia"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中國和平崛起／中国和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中國社會科學院／中国社会科学院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中國典籍英譯／中国典籍英译",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中國內政／干涉中国内政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"ref": "中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]\nZhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"ref": "他現在在中國旅行。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "他现在在中国旅行。 [MSC, simp.]\nTā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"ref": "你喜歡中國文學嗎？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]",
"text": "你喜欢中国文学吗？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]\nNǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\nFú yǐ fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\nWèn zhě yuē: sìyí, shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\nTángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "國之語音，異乎^中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
"text": "From: c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\nZì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"ref": "有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]",
"text": "有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]\nFrom: 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\njau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹. [Jyutping]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)"
],
"links": [
[
"China",
"China#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "中"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōnghuá",
"word": "中華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōnghuá",
"word": "中华"
},
{
"roman": "Jiǔzhōu",
"word": "九州"
},
{
"roman": "Tángshān",
"word": "唐山"
},
{
"roman": "yùzhōng",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "域中"
},
{
"english": "lofty",
"roman": "tiānxià",
"word": "天下"
},
{
"roman": "Tiāncháo",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"historical"
],
"word": "天朝"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"obsolete",
"offensive",
"usually"
],
"word": "支那"
},
{
"roman": "Táohuāshí",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "桃花石"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of English China"
],
"tags": [
"transliteration"
],
"word": "猜拿"
},
{
"roman": "Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "種花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "种花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "脂那"
},
{
"roman": "Zhìnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "至那"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "華"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "华"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "华夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "諸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "诸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "諸華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "诸华"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣神州"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhèndàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "震旦"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio links",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "中國"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^중국(中國)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "中國",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Trung Quốc",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "中國"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "中國",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "中國",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "中%国",
"v": "中國",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"j": "中%国"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "Zungyguef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle Kingdom",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Keskustan valtakunta",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Empire du Milieu",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Reich der Mitte",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lic",
"2": "Dongxgok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hainanese"
},
"expansion": "(via Hainanese)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Tiongkok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hokkien"
},
"expansion": "(via Hokkien)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "Жуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "Reino Médio",
"3": "Reino do Meio",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "ꍏꇩ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཀྲུང་གོ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཀྲུང་ཀོ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "جۇڭگو",
"3": "Җуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cyrillic"
},
"expansion": "(Cyrillic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "zhungo"
},
"expansion": "Wutunhua: zhungo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wutunhua: zhungo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "Cunghgoz",
"3": "Cungguek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "隹{wéi} ^珷-王 既 克 ^大邑商，𠟭{zé} 廷 吿{gào} 于 ^天，曰：余 𠀠{qí} 宅 𢆶{zī} ^@𠁩{zhōng}@或{guó}，自 之 辥{yì} 民。",
"2": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"3": "CL-PC",
"collapsed": "y",
"ref": "He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)"
},
"expansion": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\n隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\nWéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín. [Pinyin]\nWhen King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"household",
"household"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"ref": "惠此中國，以綏四方。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "惠此中国，以绥四方。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nHuì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"ref": "我欲中國而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "我欲中国而授孟子室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nWǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"links": [
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"reside",
"reside#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"ref": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\nYù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"ref": "吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\nWú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\nJiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"links": [
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\nJīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people of the Central Plain"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) people of the Central Plain"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上國"
},
{
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上国"
},
{
"roman": "shì",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "世"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiā",
"word": "公家"
},
{
"roman": "gōngtíng",
"word": "公庭"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"roman": "cháotíng",
"word": "朝廷"
},
{
"roman": "wángshì",
"word": "王室"
},
{
"roman": "wángjiā",
"word": "王家"
},
{
"roman": "wángcháo",
"word": "王朝"
},
{
"roman": "huángshì",
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"roman": "huángcháo",
"word": "皇朝"
},
{
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "國中"
},
{
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "国中"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngtǔ",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngzhōu",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中州"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio links",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "the central part of a country",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。 [MSC, simp.]\nFrom: 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\nZhèlǐ de Zhōngguó shì zhǐ Rìběn de Zhōngguó Dìfāng, jí zhǐ Běnzhōu xībù de Gāngshān, Guǎngdǎo, Shānkǒu, Dǎogēn, Niǎoqǔ 5 xiàn. [Pinyin]\nHere, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chūgoku region of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"～地方",
"中國地方#Chinese"
],
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Chūgoku",
"Chūgoku"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio links",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "मध्यदेशे",
"g": "m-s",
"lit": "in the Middle Country",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Karashima, 2010"
},
"expansion": "Karashima, 2010",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मध्येषु जनपदेषु",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "in the central countries"
},
"expansion": "मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "邊地",
"2": "borderlands; frontiers"
},
"expansion": "邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-bhs",
"2": "प्रत्यन्तिम"
},
"expansion": "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रत्यन्त"
},
"expansion": "प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "paccantima"
},
"expansion": "Pali paccantima",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "majjhimesu janapadesu",
"lit": "in the middlemost countries",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"\"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) \"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung´ gued`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abhidharmakośakārikā",
"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā",
"Ekottara Āgama"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地方, ～地區",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地方, ～地區",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地方, ～地區",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～地方, ～地區",
"path": [
"中國"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.