See initial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "final"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "head-initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial caps"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial coin offering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial condition"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial mass function"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initialness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial object"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial point"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial public offering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial reject"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial setting time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial topology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial-value problem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "initial value problem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peninitial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "initial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "early"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "emergent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "elementary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "inchoate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "immature"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "unripe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "aboriginal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "introductory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prefatory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "preliminary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "premisory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "preparatory"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prolusory"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relating to birth"
],
"word": "natal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our initial admiration for their efficiency gave way to disgust about their methods.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The initial stages of a syndrome may differ vastly from the final symptoms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 13, David Clough, “Trans-Pennine transport transformers”, in RAIL, issue 922, page 58:",
"text": "While the first part to Manchester is level after the initial climb out of Liverpool, the section over the Pennines between Manchester and Leeds is very difficult, with steep gradients as well as many slowings over junctions and curves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chronologically first, early; of or pertaining to the beginning, cause or origin."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-adj-eUcRrwZp",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"early",
"early"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ilkin"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ibtidai"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "təwge",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "тәүге"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "berense",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "беренсе"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎrvonačalen",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "първоначален"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūshǐ",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "初始"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zuìchū",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "počáteční"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "výchozí"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "aanvankelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alku-"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alkuperäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "varhainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "esi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alustava"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "anfänglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ursprünglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archikós",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "αρχικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "arktikós",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ἀρκτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "kezdeti"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "iniziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shoki no",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "初期の"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajime no",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "始めの"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tūñğyş",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "тұңғыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "initiālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "principiālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "początkowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "нача́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isxódnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "исхо́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pervonačálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "первонача́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pervíčnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "перви́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "originálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "оригина́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "tùsail"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "počiatočný"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pervýnnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "перви́нний"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počatkóvyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "початко́вий"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "deslepki",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "دەسلەپكى"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 21",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bashtiki",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "باشتىكى"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 47 1 17 5 13 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 1 11 7 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 54 2 10 5 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 51 2 15 5 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 60 1 10 3 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 1 31 9 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 38 2 21 6 14 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 38 2 20 5 14 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 39 2 23 6 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 29 2 20 11 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 42 2 22 5 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 42 2 22 5 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 42 2 22 5 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 44 2 21 4 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 44 1 17 8 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 1 36 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The initial letter of names is usually printed with a capital letter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-adj-4cqukLKd",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "qabaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ön"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "birinci"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "alğı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "алғы"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aldağı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "алдағы"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "berense",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "беренсе"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "baştağı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "баштағы"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "načalen",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "начален"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "počáteční"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "anfänglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "erster"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "kezdő-"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "iniziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saisho no",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "最初の"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajime no",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "始めの"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tūñğyş",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "тұңғыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnyj",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "нача́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pérvyj",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ön"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ilk"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "incipient"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "opening"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "beginning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "commencing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "earliest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "first"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "maiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "nascent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "original"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prime"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primeval"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primordial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "starting"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "initialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "initial teaching alphabet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "initials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "initial (plural initials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monogram"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The first letter of a word or a name."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-noun--5O1K~DN",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥarf ʔawwaliyy",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَرْف أَوَّلِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "skzbnataṙ",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "սկզբնատառ"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "baş xəref",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "баш хәреф"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "načalna bukva",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "начална буква"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒuzìmǔ",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "首字母"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "beginletter"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "initiaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "for first names only",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "voorletter"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "alkukirjain"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lettrine"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "première lettre"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anfangsbuchstabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archikó grámma",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αρχικό γράμμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "kezdőbetű"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "upphafsstafur"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túslitir"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannlitir"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"alt": "かしらもじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashiramoji",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "頭文字"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dumunja",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "두문자"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnaja búkva",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нача́льная бу́ква"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "иницѝја̄л"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "inicìjāl"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initialbokstav"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "begynnelsebokstav"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "başlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 30 15 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počatkóva lítera",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "початко́ва лі́тера"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 17 2 43 10 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 1 31 9 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 1 41 9 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 1 49 6 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 29 1 40 6 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 2 36 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 1 39 10 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 2 36 7 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 7 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 1 36 7 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 1 34 7 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 27 1 40 6 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 1 43 6 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 28 1 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 1 36 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 27 2 37 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 1 43 6 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You can get your initials printed at the top.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952 February, H. C. Casserley, “Permanent Wayfarings”, in Railway Magazine, page 77:",
"text": "The point of interest about this particular specimen was that it must have remained intact for at least a quarter of a century, as it had embossed in the frosted glass the initials of the old Great North of Scotland Railway in the form of a scroll, the sort of relic of pre-grouping days that can still be found here and there if one is observant.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In plural, the first letter of each word of a person's full name considered as a unit."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-noun-rQezJZC0",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inicial",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициал"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "inicials"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "inicialo"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "inicialoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "nimikirjaimet"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iniciais"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monografí",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μονογραφή"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "monogram"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fangamark"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "upphafsstafir"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inisharu",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "イニシャル"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "inicijál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "иниција́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "inisial"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iniciales"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "monogram"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "başlak"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "başlaklar"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 78 3 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ініціа́л"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Calligraphy",
"orig": "en:Calligraphy",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Writing",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Society",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-noun-HG9wQyBN",
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"typography",
"writing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "caplletra"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒuzì fàngdà",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "首字放大"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iniciála"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "anfangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lettrine"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protógramma",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πρωτόγραμμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "iniciálé"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túslitir"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannlitir"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iniseal"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inisharu",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "イニシャル"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "inicijál",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "иниција́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inicjał"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búkvica",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бу́квица"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "anfang"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 26 60 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "başlak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 1 31 9 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 29 1 36 7 11 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-noun-ckb9BmwP",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"onset",
"onset"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "obertura"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "聲母"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngmǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声母"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "聲紐"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngniǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声纽"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "音紐"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnniǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "音纽"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "紐"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "纽"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "aloke"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"alt": "せいぼ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seibo",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声母"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"alt": "聲母",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seongmo",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "성모"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "choseong",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "초성"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheotsori",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "첫소리"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciálʹ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "инициа́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 14 3 77",
"alt": "聲母",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "thanh mẫu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"typography",
"publishing",
"media",
"calligraphy",
"arts",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "drop cap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"typography",
"publishing",
"media",
"calligraphy",
"arts",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "versal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "initials",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "initialing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "initialling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "initialed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "initialled",
"pres_ptc2": "initialling"
},
"expansion": "initial (third-person singular simple present initials, present participle initialing or initialling, simple past and past participle initialed or initialled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 30 1 31 9 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Please initial each page and sign the contract in full at the bottom.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sign one's initial(s), as an abbreviated signature."
],
"id": "en-initial-en-verb-WYA9kA4l",
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To sign one's initial(s), as an abbreviated signature."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "init"
},
{
"word": "initialize"
},
{
"word": "initiate"
},
{
"word": "initiation"
},
{
"word": "initiative"
},
{
"word": "middle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "草簽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cǎoqiān",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "草签"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraferen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "vahvistaa nimikirjaimilla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parapher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraphrasieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "abzeichnen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monografó",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "μονογραφώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "kézjeggyel ellát"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "initials or full name",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "szignál"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "rubricar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parafírovatʹ",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "парафи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafe etmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafelemek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraflamak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "final"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "eternal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "head-initial"
},
{
"word": "initial caps"
},
{
"word": "initial coin offering"
},
{
"word": "initial condition"
},
{
"word": "initially"
},
{
"word": "initial mass function"
},
{
"word": "initialness"
},
{
"word": "initial object"
},
{
"word": "initial point"
},
{
"word": "initial public offering"
},
{
"word": "initial reject"
},
{
"word": "initial setting time"
},
{
"word": "initial topology"
},
{
"word": "initial-value problem"
},
{
"word": "initial value problem"
},
{
"word": "peninitial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "initial (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "early"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "emergent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "elementary"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "inchoate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "immature"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "unripe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "aboriginal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "introductory"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prefatory"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "preliminary"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "premisory"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "preparatory"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prolusory"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "former"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relating to birth"
],
"word": "natal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Our initial admiration for their efficiency gave way to disgust about their methods.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The initial stages of a syndrome may differ vastly from the final symptoms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 19, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 13, David Clough, “Trans-Pennine transport transformers”, in RAIL, issue 922, page 58:",
"text": "While the first part to Manchester is level after the initial climb out of Liverpool, the section over the Pennines between Manchester and Leeds is very difficult, with steep gradients as well as many slowings over junctions and curves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chronologically first, early; of or pertaining to the beginning, cause or origin."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"early",
"early"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The initial letter of names is usually printed with a capital letter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word."
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "incipient"
},
{
"word": "opening"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "beginning"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "commencing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "earliest"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "first"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "maiden"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "nascent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "original"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primary"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "prime"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primeval"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "primordial"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:initial",
"word": "starting"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ilkin"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ibtidai"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "təwge",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "тәүге"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "berense",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "беренсе"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎrvonačalen",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "първоначален"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chūshǐ",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "初始"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zuìchū",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "počáteční"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "výchozí"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "aanvankelijk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alku-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alkuperäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "varhainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "esi-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "alustava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "anfänglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ursprünglich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archikós",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "αρχικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "arktikós",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ἀρκτικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "kezdeti"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "iniziale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shoki no",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "初期の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajime no",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "始めの"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tūñğyş",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "тұңғыш"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "initiālis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "principiālis"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "początkowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "нача́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isxódnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "исхо́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pervonačálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "первонача́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pervíčnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "перви́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "originálʹnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "оригина́льный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "tùsail"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "počiatočný"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pervýnnyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "перви́нний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počatkóvyj",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "початко́вий"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "deslepki",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "دەسلەپكى"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bashtiki",
"sense": "chronologically first",
"word": "باشتىكى"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "qabaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ön"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "birinci"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "alğı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "алғы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aldağı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "алдағы"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "berense",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "беренсе"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "baştağı",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "баштағы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "načalen",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "начален"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "počáteční"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "initial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "anfänglich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "erster"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "kezdő-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "iniziale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "saisho no",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "最初の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajime no",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "始めの"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "tūñğyş",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "тұңғыш"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnyj",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "нача́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pérvyj",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ön"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "spatially first",
"word": "ilk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "initialism"
},
{
"word": "initial teaching alphabet"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "initials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "initial (plural initials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "monogram"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The first letter of a word or a name."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You can get your initials printed at the top.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952 February, H. C. Casserley, “Permanent Wayfarings”, in Railway Magazine, page 77:",
"text": "The point of interest about this particular specimen was that it must have remained intact for at least a quarter of a century, as it had embossed in the frosted glass the initials of the old Great North of Scotland Railway in the form of a scroll, the sort of relic of pre-grouping days that can still be found here and there if one is observant.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In plural, the first letter of each word of a person's full name considered as a unit."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"unit",
"unit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Calligraphy",
"en:Typography"
],
"glosses": [
"A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document."
],
"links": [
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"calligraphy",
"calligraphy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(typography, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"calligraphy",
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"typography",
"writing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology."
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"onset",
"onset"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology) onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"typography",
"publishing",
"media",
"calligraphy",
"arts",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "drop cap"
},
{
"topics": [
"typography",
"publishing",
"media",
"calligraphy",
"arts",
"writing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"communications",
"publishing",
"media"
],
"word": "versal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥarf ʔawwaliyy",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَرْف أَوَّلِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "skzbnataṙ",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "սկզբնատառ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "baş xəref",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "баш хәреф"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "načalna bukva",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "начална буква"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒuzìmǔ",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "首字母"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "beginletter"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "initiaal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "for first names only",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "voorletter"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "alkukirjain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lettrine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "première lettre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Anfangsbuchstabe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archikó grámma",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "αρχικό γράμμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "kezdőbetű"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "upphafsstafur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túslitir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannlitir"
},
{
"alt": "かしらもじ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashiramoji",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "頭文字"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dumunja",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "두문자"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inicial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načálʹnaja búkva",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нача́льная бу́ква"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "иницѝја̄л"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "inicìjāl"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initialbokstav"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "begynnelsebokstav"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"word": "başlak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počatkóva lítera",
"sense": "first letter of a word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "початко́ва лі́тера"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "inicial",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициал"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "inicials"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "inicialo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "inicialoj"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "nimikirjaimet"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iniciais"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monografí",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μονογραφή"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "monogram"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fangamark"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "upphafsstafir"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inisharu",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "イニシャル"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "inicijál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "иниција́л"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "inisial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициа́л"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iniciales"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "initial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "monogram"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"word": "başlak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "başlaklar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "first letters of a person's name as a unit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ініціа́л"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "caplletra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǒuzì fàngdà",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "首字放大"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "iniciála"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "ĉeflitero"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "anfangi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lettrine"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Initiale"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protógramma",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πρωτόγραμμα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protógramma",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "πρωτόγραμμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "iniciálé"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "túslitir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannlitir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iniseal"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inisharu",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "イニシャル"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "inicijál",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "иниција́л"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inicjał"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búkvica",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бу́квица"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciál",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "инициа́л"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "anfang"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "calligraphy: distinguished initial letter",
"word": "başlak"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "obertura"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "聲母"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngmǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声母"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "聲紐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngniǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声纽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "音紐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnniǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "音纽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "紐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niǔ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "纽"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "aloke"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "initiale"
},
{
"alt": "せいぼ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seibo",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "声母"
},
{
"alt": "聲母",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seongmo",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "성모"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "choseong",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "초성"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheotsori",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "첫소리"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iniciálʹ",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "инициа́ль"
},
{
"alt": "聲母",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first part of a syllable (onset)",
"word": "thanh mẫu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Estonian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/3 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "initial"
},
"expansion": "Middle French initial",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French initial or directly from its Latin etymon initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”), from initium (“a going in, entrance, beginning”), from inire (“to go in, enter upon, begin”), from in (“in”) + ire (“to go”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "initials",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "initialing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "initialling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "initialed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "initialled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "initialled",
"pres_ptc2": "initialling"
},
"expansion": "initial (third-person singular simple present initials, present participle initialing or initialling, simple past and past participle initialed or initialled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "init"
},
{
"word": "initialize"
},
{
"word": "initiate"
},
{
"word": "initiation"
},
{
"word": "initiative"
},
{
"word": "middle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Please initial each page and sign the contract in full at the bottom.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sign one's initial(s), as an abbreviated signature."
],
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To sign one's initial(s), as an abbreviated signature."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪˈnɪʃəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-initial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg/En-us-initial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-initial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "草簽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cǎoqiān",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "草签"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraferen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "vahvistaa nimikirjaimilla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parapher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraphrasieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "abzeichnen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "monografó",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "μονογραφώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "kézjeggyel ellát"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "initials or full name",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "szignál"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "rubricar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parafírovatʹ",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "парафи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafe etmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "parafelemek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to sign one's initial(s)",
"word": "paraflamak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"initial"
],
"word": "initial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for initial meaning in English (37.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.