See phonology in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for phonology meaning in English (33.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "articulatory phonology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lexicophonology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "metaphonology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "morphonology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "morphophonology"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologer"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonologist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sociophonology"
}
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"4": "*leǵ-",
"5": "*-éh₂",
"id": "speak"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phono",
"3": "logy",
"pos1": "prefix denoting sound",
"pos2": "suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject"
},
"expansion": "phono- (prefix denoting sound) + -logy (suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject)",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From phono- (prefix denoting sound) + -logy (suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phonologies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"args": {
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"expansion": "phonology (countable and uncountable, plural phonologies)",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "linguistics"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonetics"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pho‧no‧lo‧gy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonemics"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phonics"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tonology"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "en:Phonology",
"parents": [
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"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 August, Edmund Fry, Prospectus of a New Work, Entitled Pantographia; …, [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "Prospectus of a new work, entitled Pantographia: Containing accurate copies of all the known alphabets in the world. Together with an English explanation of the peculiar force of each letter: To which will be added specimens of all well-authenticated oral languages, Forming a comprehensive Digest of phonology.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1854 March, “Notes of the Month”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review, volume XLI (New Series), London: John Bowyer Nichols and Sons, →OCLC, page 281, column 2",
"text": "The advantages of such a system [of a universal alphabet], both scientific and practical, were urged, the former in connection with the study of ethnology and philology, and the latter chiefly in connection with the great Protestant missionary enterprises of the present time. Professor [Karl Richard] Lepsius and Dr. Max Müller have devoted much time to the subject, founding their phonology on the physiological principles ably expounded by Dr. Johannes Müller, and published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1856, J[ames] R[ichardson] Logan, “The Maruwi of the Baniak Islands”, in J. R. Logan, editor, The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, volume XLI (New Series), number 1, Singapore: […] [F]or the editor by Jacob Baptist, →OCLC, page 16",
"text": "The Achean, the ancient Malayu and other mixed phonologies possessing a considerable degree of harshness, were thus formed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879 October, R[obert] H[olford] M[acdowall] Bosanquet, “XXXV. On the Present State of Experimental Acoustics, with Suggestions for the Arrangement of an Acoustic Laboratory, and a Sketch of Research.”, in Robert Kane, William Thomson, William Francis, editors, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume VIII (Fifth Series), number 49, London: Taylor and Francis, […]; sold by Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer; […], →OCLC, page 301",
"text": "The most interesting applications of the phonograph, however, are to the analysis of speech. […] [T]he point in which the proposed arrangements will be of most value is in the analysis of the inflections of speech, or the rapid variations of pitch which occur continually. This analysis is of the highest importance for phonology, as the inflections are undoubtedly among the principal characteristics of dialects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Nikolaus Ritt, “Mutation, Variation and Selection in Phonological Evolution: A Sketch Based on the Case of Late Middle English a > au/_l{C/#}”, in Jacek Fisiak, editor, Studies in Middle English Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs; 103), Berlin; New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, page 545",
"text": "Crucially, the neat separateness of phonologies which my account seems to imply is an abstraction and does not mean that the phonologies represented different regional or social dialects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Wallace L. Chafe, “The Ordering of Phonological Rules”, in Charles W. Kreidler, editor, Phonology: Critical Concepts, volume IV (From Rules to Constraints), London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page 219",
"text": "Thus, underlying 'agtus' was converted first into 'āgtus' by the vowel lengthening rule, and then into 'āktus' by the ancient persistent rule. This example has previously been interpreted as indicating that new rules can enter a phonology elsewhere than at depth I.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system."
],
"id": "en-phonology-en-noun-f8ZnjPxJ",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"sounds",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"function",
"function#Verb"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"accent",
"accent#Noun"
],
[
"intonation",
"intonation"
],
[
"phoneme",
"phoneme"
],
[
"stress",
"stress#Noun"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable#Noun"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
],
[
"distinctive",
"distinctive#Adjective"
],
[
"units",
"unit#Noun"
],
[
"given",
"given#Adjective"
],
[
"phonological",
"phonological"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "orthoepy"
},
{
"word": "soundlore"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologji"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "funulujiyyā",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فُونُولُوجِيَّا"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilmu l-ʔaṣwāti l-luḡawiyyati",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِلْمُ ٱلْأَصْوَاتِ ٱللُّغَوِيَّةِ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taṣrīfu ṣ-ṣawtiyyu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَلتَّصْرِيفُ ٱلصَّوْتِيُّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nuṭqiyyāt",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "نُطْقِيَّات"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hnčʿuytʿabanutʿyun",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "հնչույթաբանություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "dhonitottto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "fonologiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanalóhija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фанало́гія"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "dhonitotto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiezh"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "waca.ssa.ra.beda.",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ဝါစဿရဗေဒ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音位學"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnwèixué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音位学"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音系學"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnxìxué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音系学"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韻學"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyùnxué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韵学"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "klankleer"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloogia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ext",
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonolohia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ljóðskipanarlæra"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologjie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ponologia",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ფონოლოგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phonemik"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fonología",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φωνολογία"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloji"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פונולוגיה"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "svanimvijñān",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "स्वनिमविज्ञान"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvanit",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ध्वनित"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonológia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hljóðkerfisfræði"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologio"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fóineolaíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foghareolaíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"alt": "おんいんろん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "on'inron",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韻論"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "dhvaniśāstra",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ಧ್ವನಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "fonologiä",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "so vi tyea",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "សូរវិទ្យា"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eumullon",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "음운론"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eo'eumhak",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "어음학"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "fonolocî",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "فۆنۆلۆجی"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "fonologiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloģija"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologija"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "funulugia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "lg",
"lang": "Luganda",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "essomanjatula"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гија"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloġija"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "sheeanchoryssaghtys"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "uccārśāstra",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "उच्चारशास्त्र"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbar sudlal",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "авиалбар судлал"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "mn",
"english": "phonemics",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbarzüj",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "авиалбарзүй"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tasnmslit",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "pap",
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "غږپوهنه"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj-šenâsi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "واجشناسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "dhunī viunta",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ਧੁਨੀ ਵਿਉਂਤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло̀гија"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonològija"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sn",
"lang": "Shona",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ruambainzwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoluggìa"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"roman": "Viobhiyaasu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "وايوڀياسُ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonológia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologija"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonología"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonolojia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "dalubtinigan"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "tinigan"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "fonológiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "vožšinosī",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "вожшиносӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "oliyaṉiyal",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ஒலியனியல்"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sàt wít-tá-yaa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "สัทวิทยา"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sŏn wít-tá-yaa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "สรวิทยา"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "sgra sbyor rig pa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་རིག་པ"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloji"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "sesbilim"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fonolóhija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гія"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sautiyāt",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "صوتیات"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonołoxia"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "âm vị học"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonology"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "klanklear"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "lûdlear"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "pnb",
"lang": "Western Panjabi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "صوتیات"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fonologye",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֿאָנאָלאָגיע"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonọ́lọ́jì"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnxì",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "音系"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lydsystem"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ponologia",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ფონოლოგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poneṭiḳa",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ფონეტიკა"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj-šenâsi",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "واجشناسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonɛ́tika",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́тика"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "fonolojia"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "tinigan"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with phono-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -logy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, David F. Armstrong, William C[larence] Stokoe, Sherman E. Wilcox, “The Universe of Gesture”, in Gesture and the Nature of Language, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1996, page 21",
"text": "Sign language linguists have produced many volumes of description of the phonology and morphology of signs and the syntax of sign languages.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Rachel Sutton-Spence, Bencie Woll, “The Structure of Gestures and Signs”, in The Linguistics of British Sign Language: An Introduction, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 2003, page 154",
"text": "The term ‘phonology’ may seem odd in the context of sign linguistics, since the word has as its root phon – the Greek word for ‘sound’. […] However, sign linguists now prefer the term phonology to emphasise that the same level of structure exists in sign language and spoken language, despite the differences in modality. The study of sign phonology began with the work of William Stokoe, the American founder of sign linguistics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gerald P. Berent, “Sign Language–Spoken Language Bilingualism and the Derivation of Bimodally Mixed Sentences”, in Tej K. Bhatia, William C. Ritchie, editors, The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics), 2nd edition, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, part II (Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism), page 352",
"text": "[A]s with spoken languages, sign language phonologies are built from a repertoire of distinctive features that are assembled following principled combinatorial constraints. […] ASL [American Sign Language] linguistic properties / a. A phonology based on hand shape, orientation of the hands, the location and movement of the hands within the signing space, and contact of the hands with each other and the body.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language."
],
"id": "en-phonology-en-noun-I2nN21i-",
"links": [
[
"components",
"component#Noun"
],
[
"signs",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"sign language",
"sign language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "study of the way components of signs function in a sign language; way components of signs function within a given sign language",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "study of the way components of signs function in a sign language; way components of signs function within a given sign language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɒləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/foʊ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɔləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"homophone": "phenology (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phonology.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "phonology"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-éh₂",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂- (speak)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leǵ-",
"English terms prefixed with phono-",
"English terms suffixed with -logy",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlədʒi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒlədʒi/4 syllables",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Phonology"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "articulatory phonology"
},
{
"word": "lexicophonology"
},
{
"word": "metaphonology"
},
{
"word": "morphonology"
},
{
"word": "morphophonology"
},
{
"word": "phonologer"
},
{
"word": "phonologic"
},
{
"word": "phonological"
},
{
"word": "phonologically"
},
{
"word": "phonologise"
},
{
"word": "phonologize"
},
{
"word": "phonologist"
},
{
"word": "sociophonology"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"4": "*leǵ-",
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"id": "speak"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "phono",
"3": "logy",
"pos1": "prefix denoting sound",
"pos2": "suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject"
},
"expansion": "phono- (prefix denoting sound) + -logy (suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject)",
"name": "confix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From phono- (prefix denoting sound) + -logy (suffix denoting a branch of learning, or a study of a particular subject).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phonologies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "phonology (countable and uncountable, plural phonologies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "linguistics"
},
{
"word": "phonetics"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pho‧no‧lo‧gy"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "phonemics"
},
{
"word": "phonics"
},
{
"word": "tonology"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 August, Edmund Fry, Prospectus of a New Work, Entitled Pantographia; …, [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, title page",
"text": "Prospectus of a new work, entitled Pantographia: Containing accurate copies of all the known alphabets in the world. Together with an English explanation of the peculiar force of each letter: To which will be added specimens of all well-authenticated oral languages, Forming a comprehensive Digest of phonology.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1854 March, “Notes of the Month”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Review, volume XLI (New Series), London: John Bowyer Nichols and Sons, →OCLC, page 281, column 2",
"text": "The advantages of such a system [of a universal alphabet], both scientific and practical, were urged, the former in connection with the study of ethnology and philology, and the latter chiefly in connection with the great Protestant missionary enterprises of the present time. Professor [Karl Richard] Lepsius and Dr. Max Müller have devoted much time to the subject, founding their phonology on the physiological principles ably expounded by Dr. Johannes Müller, and published in the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1856, J[ames] R[ichardson] Logan, “The Maruwi of the Baniak Islands”, in J. R. Logan, editor, The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, volume XLI (New Series), number 1, Singapore: […] [F]or the editor by Jacob Baptist, →OCLC, page 16",
"text": "The Achean, the ancient Malayu and other mixed phonologies possessing a considerable degree of harshness, were thus formed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879 October, R[obert] H[olford] M[acdowall] Bosanquet, “XXXV. On the Present State of Experimental Acoustics, with Suggestions for the Arrangement of an Acoustic Laboratory, and a Sketch of Research.”, in Robert Kane, William Thomson, William Francis, editors, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume VIII (Fifth Series), number 49, London: Taylor and Francis, […]; sold by Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer; […], →OCLC, page 301",
"text": "The most interesting applications of the phonograph, however, are to the analysis of speech. […] [T]he point in which the proposed arrangements will be of most value is in the analysis of the inflections of speech, or the rapid variations of pitch which occur continually. This analysis is of the highest importance for phonology, as the inflections are undoubtedly among the principal characteristics of dialects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Nikolaus Ritt, “Mutation, Variation and Selection in Phonological Evolution: A Sketch Based on the Case of Late Middle English a > au/_l{C/#}”, in Jacek Fisiak, editor, Studies in Middle English Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs; 103), Berlin; New York, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, page 545",
"text": "Crucially, the neat separateness of phonologies which my account seems to imply is an abstraction and does not mean that the phonologies represented different regional or social dialects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Wallace L. Chafe, “The Ordering of Phonological Rules”, in Charles W. Kreidler, editor, Phonology: Critical Concepts, volume IV (From Rules to Constraints), London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, page 219",
"text": "Thus, underlying 'agtus' was converted first into 'āgtus' by the vowel lengthening rule, and then into 'āktus' by the ancient persistent rule. This example has previously been interpreted as indicating that new rules can enter a phonology elsewhere than at depth I.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system."
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study#Noun"
],
[
"way",
"way#Noun"
],
[
"sounds",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"function",
"function#Verb"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"accent",
"accent#Noun"
],
[
"intonation",
"intonation"
],
[
"phoneme",
"phoneme"
],
[
"stress",
"stress#Noun"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable#Noun"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#Noun"
],
[
"distinctive",
"distinctive#Adjective"
],
[
"units",
"unit#Noun"
],
[
"given",
"given#Adjective"
],
[
"phonological",
"phonological"
],
[
"system",
"system"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "orthoepy"
},
{
"word": "soundlore"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, David F. Armstrong, William C[larence] Stokoe, Sherman E. Wilcox, “The Universe of Gesture”, in Gesture and the Nature of Language, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1996, page 21",
"text": "Sign language linguists have produced many volumes of description of the phonology and morphology of signs and the syntax of sign languages.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Rachel Sutton-Spence, Bencie Woll, “The Structure of Gestures and Signs”, in The Linguistics of British Sign Language: An Introduction, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 2003, page 154",
"text": "The term ‘phonology’ may seem odd in the context of sign linguistics, since the word has as its root phon – the Greek word for ‘sound’. […] However, sign linguists now prefer the term phonology to emphasise that the same level of structure exists in sign language and spoken language, despite the differences in modality. The study of sign phonology began with the work of William Stokoe, the American founder of sign linguistics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Gerald P. Berent, “Sign Language–Spoken Language Bilingualism and the Derivation of Bimodally Mixed Sentences”, in Tej K. Bhatia, William C. Ritchie, editors, The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics), 2nd edition, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, part II (Neurological and Psychological Aspects of Bilingualism and Multilingualism), page 352",
"text": "[A]s with spoken languages, sign language phonologies are built from a repertoire of distinctive features that are assembled following principled combinatorial constraints. […] ASL [American Sign Language] linguistic properties / a. A phonology based on hand shape, orientation of the hands, the location and movement of the hands within the signing space, and contact of the hands with each other and the body.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language."
],
"links": [
[
"components",
"component#Noun"
],
[
"signs",
"sign#Noun"
],
[
"sign language",
"sign language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɒləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/foʊ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fəˈnɔləd͡ʒi/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"homophone": "phenology (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phonology.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonology.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologji"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "funulujiyyā",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "فُونُولُوجِيَّا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilmu l-ʔaṣwāti l-luḡawiyyati",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عِلْمُ ٱلْأَصْوَاتِ ٱللُّغَوِيَّةِ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taṣrīfu ṣ-ṣawtiyyu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَلتَّصْرِيفُ ٱلصَّوْتِيُّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nuṭqiyyāt",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "نُطْقِيَّات"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hnčʿuytʿabanutʿyun",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "հնչույթաբանություն"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "dhonitottto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiya"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "fonologiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fanalóhija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фанало́гія"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "dhonitotto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiezh"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "waca.ssa.ra.beda.",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ဝါစဿရဗေဒ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音位學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnwèixué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音位学"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音系學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnxìxué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音系学"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韻學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnyùnxué",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韵学"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "klankleer"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloogia"
},
{
"code": "ext",
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonolohia"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ljóðskipanarlæra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologjie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ponologia",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ფონოლოგია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phonologie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Phonemik"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fonología",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φωνολογία"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloji"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פונולוגיה"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "svanimvijñān",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "स्वनिमविज्ञान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "dhvanit",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ध्वनित"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonológia"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hljóðkerfisfræði"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologio"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologia"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fóineolaíocht"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foghareolaíocht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"alt": "おんいんろん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "on'inron",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "音韻論"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "dhvaniśāstra",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ಧ್ವನಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "fonologiä",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "so vi tyea",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "សូរវិទ្យា"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eumullon",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "음운론"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eo'eumhak",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "어음학"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "fonolocî",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "فۆنۆلۆجی"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "fonologiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонология"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "phonologia"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloģija"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologija"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "funulugia"
},
{
"code": "lg",
"lang": "Luganda",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "essomanjatula"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гија"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloġija"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "sheeanchoryssaghtys"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "uccārśāstra",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "उच्चारशास्त्र"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "fonologi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фонологи"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbar sudlal",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "авиалбар судлал"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"english": "phonemics",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "avialbarzüj",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "авиалбарзүй"
},
{
"code": "zgh",
"lang": "Moroccan Amazigh",
"roman": "tasnmslit",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜ"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "pap",
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "غږپوهنه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj-šenâsi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "واجشناسی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "dhunī viunta",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ਧੁਨੀ ਵਿਉਂਤ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologie"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "phonologie"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло̀гија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonològija"
},
{
"code": "sn",
"lang": "Shona",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ruambainzwi"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoluggìa"
},
{
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"roman": "Viobhiyaasu",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "وايوڀياسُ"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonológia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonología"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonolojia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "fonologi"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "dalubtinigan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "tinigan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "fonológiya",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "vožšinosī",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "вожшиносӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "oliyaṉiyal",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ஒலியனியல்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sàt wít-tá-yaa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "สัทวิทยา"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sŏn wít-tá-yaa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "สรวิทยา"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "sgra sbyor rig pa",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་རིག་པ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonoloji"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "sesbilim"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fonolóhija",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гія"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sautiyāt",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "صوتیات"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonologiya"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonołoxia"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "âm vị học"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonology"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "klanklear"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "lûdlear"
},
{
"code": "pnb",
"lang": "Western Panjabi",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "صوتیات"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fonologye",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פֿאָנאָלאָגיע"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "study of the way sounds function in languages",
"word": "fonọ́lọ́jì"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ponolohiya"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yīnxì",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "音系"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lydsystem"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonoloxía"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ponologia",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ფონოლოგია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poneṭiḳa",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "ფონეტიკა"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâj-šenâsi",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "واجشناسی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonɛ́tika",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоне́тика"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fonológija",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "фоноло́гия"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "fonolojia"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"word": "tinigan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "way sounds function within a given language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "study of the way components of signs function in a sign language; way components of signs function within a given sign language",
"word": "fonologia"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "study of the way components of signs function in a sign language; way components of signs function within a given sign language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffonoleg"
}
],
"word": "phonology"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: linguistics",
"path": [
"phonology"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "phonology",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.