"phonological" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lexicophonological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "metaphonological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "morphophonological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nonphonological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phonological hierarchy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phonologically"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phonological phrase"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phonological word"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": ":af",
        "3": "phonology",
        "4": "-ical",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish phonology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish phonological\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"phonological\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"phonological\">\nFrom phonology + -ical.",
      "name": "ety"
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  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish phonology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish phonological\nFrom phonology + -ical.",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "phonological (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonology",
          "orig": "en:Phonology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "ref": "1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar, Cambridge: University Press, →ISBN, page 5:",
          "text": "[...] Phonological competence is also reflected in intuitions about phonological structure: any English speaker intuitively feels, for example, that the sequence 'black bird' can either be a single phonological word (BLACKbird, with primary stress on black = a species of bird, like thrush, robin, etc.), or two independent phonological words (BLACK BIRD or black BIRD = bird which is black, as opposed to 'white bird', 'yellow bird', etc.).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          ],
          "ref": "2006, “Ithkuil Q & A”, in The Conlanger's Library, archived from the original on 14 Jan 2025, page 6:",
          "text": "I am not pleased with one or two of the noun cases (they are too similar to others) and I want to change the way that the Focus category (see Section 3.5 of the grammar) is manifested (using word-order instead of an infix or other phonological marker). All in all, the language is structured almost exactly as I wanted.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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          "ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 10:",
          "text": "Each language has its own distinct phonological qualities which a counter can tap into with effect. It is not necessarily specific phonemes (though these can sometimes be diagnostic), but rather the frequency and phonotactic distribution of each disparate set of phonemes that go together in the speech stream in certain recognisable ways.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to phonology."
      ],
      "id": "en-phonological-en-adj-X7AcdpiA",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "lang_code": "af",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologies"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy",
          "roman": "hnčʻuytʻabanakan",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "հնչույթաբանական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "lang_code": "ast",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonolóxicu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "lang_code": "az",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonoloji"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "lang_code": "ca",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonològic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "lang_code": "cs",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologický"
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        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "äänneopillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "phonologique"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "lang_code": "gl",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonolóxico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "roman": "ponologiuri",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "ფონოლოგიური"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "phonologisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "lang_code": "el",
          "roman": "fonologikós",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "φωνολογικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "lang_code": "ia",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "phonologic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fóineolaíoch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "lang_code": "lv",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonoloģisks"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologiczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonológico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "lang_code": "ru",
          "roman": "fonologíčeskij",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "фонологи́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "фоно̀лошкӣ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "tags": [
            "Latin"
          ],
          "word": "fonòloškī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonológico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonologisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "lang_code": "sv",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "fonematisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "lang_code": "tl",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "tinigin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "lang_code": "tl",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "dalubtinigin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "lang_code": "yi",
          "roman": "fonologish",
          "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
          "word": "פֿאָנאָלאָגיש"
        }
      ]
    },
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to the way sounds function in languages, including phonemes, syllable structure, stress, and accent."
      ],
      "id": "en-phonological-en-adj-QixXZ0DE",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonemes",
          "phoneme"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfəʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phonological.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Atlantic-Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Atlantic-Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɔnəˈlɔd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfəʉ̯nəˈlɔd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒdʒɪkəl"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "phonologic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "orthoepic"
    }
  ],
  "word": "phonological"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ical",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒdʒɪkəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ɒdʒɪkəl/5 syllables",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "en:Phonology"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lexicophonological"
    },
    {
      "word": "metaphonological"
    },
    {
      "word": "morphophonological"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonphonological"
    },
    {
      "word": "phonological hierarchy"
    },
    {
      "word": "phonologically"
    },
    {
      "word": "phonological phrase"
    },
    {
      "word": "phonological word"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "phonology",
        "4": "-ical",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish phonology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish phonological\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"phonological\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"phonological\">\nFrom phonology + -ical.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish phonology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish phonological\nFrom phonology + -ical.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "phonological (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              18
            ],
            [
              68,
              80
            ],
            [
              198,
              210
            ],
            [
              217,
              222
            ],
            [
              324,
              336
            ],
            [
              344,
              349
            ],
            [
              344,
              354
            ],
            [
              350,
              354
            ],
            [
              364,
              368
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational Grammar, Cambridge: University Press, →ISBN, page 5:",
          "text": "[...] Phonological competence is also reflected in intuitions about phonological structure: any English speaker intuitively feels, for example, that the sequence 'black bird' can either be a single phonological word (BLACKbird, with primary stress on black = a species of bird, like thrush, robin, etc.), or two independent phonological words (BLACK BIRD or black BIRD = bird which is black, as opposed to 'white bird', 'yellow bird', etc.).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              231,
              243
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2006, “Ithkuil Q & A”, in The Conlanger's Library, archived from the original on 14 Jan 2025, page 6:",
          "text": "I am not pleased with one or two of the noun cases (they are too similar to others) and I want to change the way that the Focus category (see Section 3.5 of the grammar) is manifested (using word-order instead of an infix or other phonological marker). All in all, the language is structured almost exactly as I wanted.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              35,
              47
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 10:",
          "text": "Each language has its own distinct phonological qualities which a counter can tap into with effect. It is not necessarily specific phonemes (though these can sometimes be diagnostic), but rather the frequency and phonotactic distribution of each disparate set of phonemes that go together in the speech stream in certain recognisable ways.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to phonology."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonology",
          "phonology"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to the way sounds function in languages, including phonemes, syllable structure, stress, and accent."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonemes",
          "phoneme"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfəʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phonological.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phonological.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Atlantic-Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Atlantic-Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "note": "of the US",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfɔnəˈlɔd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌfəʉ̯nəˈlɔd͡ʒɪkəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒdʒɪkəl"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "phonologic"
    },
    {
      "word": "orthoepic"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologies"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "roman": "hnčʻuytʻabanakan",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "հնչույթաբանական"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonolóxicu"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonoloji"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonològic"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologický"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "äänneopillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "phonologique"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonolóxico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "roman": "ponologiuri",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "ფონოლოგიური"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "phonologisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "roman": "fonologikós",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "φωνολογικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "lang_code": "ia",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "phonologic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fóineolaíoch"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologico"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonoloģisks"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologiczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonológico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "fonologíčeskij",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "фонологи́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "фоно̀лошкӣ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "tags": [
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "fonòloškī"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonológico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonologisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "fonematisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "tinigin"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "lang_code": "tl",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "dalubtinigin"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "roman": "fonologish",
      "sense": "of or relating to phonology",
      "word": "פֿאָנאָלאָגיש"
    }
  ],
  "word": "phonological"
}