See ön in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ön meaning in Turkish (9.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اوك",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "öñ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اوك",
"tr": "öñ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*öŋ, *oŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *öŋ, *oŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"tr": "öŋ"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (öŋ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ), from Proto-Turkic *öŋ, *oŋ. Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (öŋ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "önü",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "önler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ön",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "öne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "önüm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleriniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önüme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önüne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önüne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "önü",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "önler",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ön (definite accusative önü, plural önler)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ü",
"2": "ler"
},
"expansion": "ön (definite accusative önü, plural önler)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ö",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "arka"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "önümüzdeki"
},
{
"word": "önünde"
}
],
"glosses": [
"front"
],
"id": "en-ön-tr-noun-LY1pMXes",
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ön"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "önümüzdeki"
},
{
"word": "önünde"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اوك",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "öñ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "اوك",
"tr": "öñ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*öŋ, *oŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *öŋ, *oŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"tr": "öŋ"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (öŋ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish اوك (öñ), from Proto-Turkic *öŋ, *oŋ. Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (öŋ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "önü",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "önler",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ön",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önler",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "öne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "önüm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleriniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önleri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzü",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önüme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerime",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önüne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önüne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinize",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "önünün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önümüzün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerimizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "önünüzün",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinizin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "önlerinin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "önü",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "önler",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ön (definite accusative önü, plural önler)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ü",
"2": "ler"
},
"expansion": "ön (definite accusative önü, plural önler)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ö",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "arka"
}
],
"categories": [
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"front"
],
"links": [
[
"front",
"front"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ön"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.