See to- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "to-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English to-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiz-",
"t": "apart, in two"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dwis-",
"t": "two-ways, in twain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”).",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "all to"
}
],
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{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tobreak"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocleave"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocut"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "todrive"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tofrush"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "togo"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "togrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toquash"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torace"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torat"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torend"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torit"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torive"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toshear"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toshiver"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toslive"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tosliver"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tosunder"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "totear"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 17 17 17",
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "totread"
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"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:parting",
"links": [
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"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
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[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"Parting",
"parting"
]
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"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
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"en:parting"
],
"tags": [
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tobeat"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tobreak"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "todash"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "todraw"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tolash"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "topinch"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toquake"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toruffle"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toshake"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tostart"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toswap"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toswink"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "totear"
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{
"_dis1": "10 70 10 10",
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "towind"
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"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"To do excessively."
],
"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:excessively",
"links": [
[
"apart",
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],
[
"away",
"away"
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[
"asunder",
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[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
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[
"intensity",
"intensity"
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[
"excessively",
"excessively"
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"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) To do excessively."
],
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"en:excessively"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
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{
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{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "tobruise"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "tohew"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "toput"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "toreave"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "torob"
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{
"_dis1": "12 8 71 8",
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
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"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Completely."
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"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:completely",
"links": [
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"away"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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"completely"
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"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Completely."
],
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"en:completely"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
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{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "12 8 8 71",
"sense": "terms derived from moving",
"word": "tolug"
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"_dis1": "12 8 8 71",
"sense": "terms derived from moving",
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"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Moving."
],
"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:moving",
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"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Moving."
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to-bread"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to-come"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to-do"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toyear"
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{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "today"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tomorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tomorrow"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 15 11 25 11 4",
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "to-whiles"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "today"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "together"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "together"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 26 9 9 23 20 4",
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "tomorrow"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From to.",
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "33 20 6 6 17 15 3",
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "today"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 20 6 6 17 15 3",
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "together"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 20 6 6 17 15 3",
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tomorrow"
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{
"_dis1": "33 20 6 6 17 15 3",
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 20 6 6 17 15 3",
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tosol"
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],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"Current, the current form of the suffixed time. Forming nouns."
],
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[
"Current",
"current"
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"On (this) time, which is a fixed point in time. Forming adverbs."
],
"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:then",
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"on"
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{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "today"
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{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tofore"
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{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tomorn"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tomorning"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tonight"
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{
"_dis1": "7 19 30 6 21 14 3",
"sense": "terms derived from during",
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"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"During the suffixed time. Forming adverbs."
],
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"Of, as characteristic of the suffixed time period. Forming adverbs and adjectives."
],
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{
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"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"At, at the suffixed time. Forming an unfixed point in time, rather than a duration."
],
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{
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{
"_dis1": "5 14 5 5 13 56 2",
"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-bread"
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{
"_dis1": "5 14 5 5 13 56 2",
"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-heap"
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{
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"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-name"
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"Adding, additional in quantity."
],
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[
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},
{
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "5 21 4 4 20 9 36",
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "to-draw"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 21 4 4 20 9 36",
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 21 4 4 20 9 36",
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "together"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "to-draw",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tofall",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toward in direction or location."
],
"id": "en-to--en-prefix-en:toward",
"links": [
[
"Toward",
"toward"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"lang_code": "nci",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Nahuatl entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-to--nci-prefix-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "ja-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "と"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of と"
],
"id": "en-to--ja-romanization-RCOQL-2B",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "to-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toe-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tou-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuo-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "two-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tow-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 13 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toansweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toassignen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobilimpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobore"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobouen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocasten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toclepen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocomynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todiȝten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofon"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togrowynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toȝewriþen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toiteied"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toknelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tolepen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toleyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toneȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toproken"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosælen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosetten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosettynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospeken"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospyren"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosteppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tostyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosweren"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tothynken"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totiȝten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toturnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towarened"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towirchynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyede"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyelden"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 15 12",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toysette"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 7 6 25 26",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toresen"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 7 6 25 26",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tostonden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"id": "en-to--enm-prefix-enm:towards",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:towards"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 13 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toayens"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "today"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "togeder"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toȝeves"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tomiddes"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tomorwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tonyght"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tosamen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "totwene"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toþeþur"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toward"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towardes"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towardly"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towhile"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towhiles"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyenes"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 79 10",
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity."
],
"id": "en-to--enm-prefix--sAtR7E~",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"preposition",
"preposition"
],
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
],
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 13 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tocome"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todraght"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toflight"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tohope"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toname"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tosupporte"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "totagge"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toturn"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 23 58",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "towardnesse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"id": "en-to--enm-prefix-rm6rxTqB",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobreken"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobresten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobysten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocheuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocleven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toclouten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocracchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todashen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todelven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todereinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todiminuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todrauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todreven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todriven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todynen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofaren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toferen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toflen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofleten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toflouen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofrushen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tognauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togniden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tognodden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tograbben"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togreven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togrinden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toharwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toheden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toheuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohurten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohwiðeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toknouen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tolaughen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toliðen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tomurten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "topreven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "torenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toschiften"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshenden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosheren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosheten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshiveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshrapen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toslateren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toslyften"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosparplen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospateren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosprengen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosterten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toswelten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosweten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totrayen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totreden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totyren"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towarplen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towaxen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towherven"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towurðen"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toysheden"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toborstennysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todel"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todræfednysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toðundennysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toȝotenysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tolætenysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tolysnysse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tosetnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toworpennysse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "to-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 13 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure."
],
"id": "en-to--enm-prefix-enm:apart",
"links": [
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:apart"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 15 13 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning."
],
"id": "en-to--enm-prefix-296Bz19A",
"links": [
[
"intensify",
"intensify"
],
[
"emphasise",
"emphasise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ti-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian ti-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "te-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon te-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zer-"
},
"expansion": "German zer-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐍃-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "Latin dis-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognate with Old Frisian ti-, te-, Old Saxon te-, Old High German zi-, zir-, zar-, zur- (German zer-), Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-), and with Latin dis-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "tō-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "tō-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to fall apart",
"text": "tefeallan, tōfeallan",
"translation": "to fall apart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to separate",
"text": "titwǣman, tōtwǣman",
"translation": "to separate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to toss about",
"text": "tetorfian, tōtorfian",
"translation": "to toss about",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal prefix with a sense of \"in pieces, apart, asunder\", or with intensive force"
],
"id": "en-to--ang-prefix-7J8mIaos",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "reputation",
"text": "tōtalu",
"translation": "reputation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "conversation",
"text": "tōsprǣċ",
"translation": "conversation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form substantives from other nouns"
],
"id": "en-to--ang-prefix-k8vT5vVV",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*to-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *to-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *to-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "do-",
"tags": [
"pretonic"
]
},
{
"form": "do-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "pretonic",
"4": "do-"
},
"expansion": "to- (pretonic do-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "do-"
},
"expansion": "to- (pretonic do-)",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 0 0 3 9 2 1 9 7 1 6 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 12 7 7 10 7 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix used to create verbs and associated verbal nouns"
],
"id": "en-to--sga-prefix-rPXFsBvF",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tōdōn (“to add; to close”)"
},
{
"text": "tōheftian (“to fix”)"
},
{
"text": "tōhlinon (“to lean against”)"
},
{
"text": "tōhnēgian (“to neigh towards”)"
},
{
"text": "tōrūnon (“to whisper”)"
},
{
"text": "tōsprekan (“to speak with, discuss, talk to”)"
},
{
"text": "tōstōtan (“to push, thrust”)"
},
{
"text": "tōward (“future”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwardes (“near”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwardig (“near”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwendian (“to turn towards”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates words with a sense of ‘towards, to, against’"
],
"id": "en-to--osx-prefix-o8HZKcDx",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pagu",
"lang_code": "pgu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pagu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"english": "I go",
"text": "totagi",
"translation": "I go",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (first-person singular subject prefix)"
],
"id": "en-to--pgu-prefix-bHsimprc",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ngoi"
},
{
"word": "ta-2"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "ai-"
},
{
"word": "ngona"
},
{
"word": "no-"
},
{
"word": "na-2"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "ani-"
},
{
"word": "masculine"
},
{
"word": "una"
},
{
"word": "wo-"
},
{
"word": "wa-2"
},
{
"word": "wi-"
},
{
"word": "awi-"
},
{
"word": "feminine"
},
{
"word": "muna"
},
{
"word": "mo-"
},
{
"word": "ma-2"
},
{
"word": "mi-"
},
{
"word": "ami-"
},
{
"word": "non-human"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "exclusive"
},
{
"word": "ngomi"
},
{
"word": "mio-3"
},
{
"word": "mia-2"
},
{
"word": "mia-"
},
{
"word": "inclusive"
},
{
"word": "ngone"
},
{
"word": "wa-2po-"
},
{
"word": "pa-2"
},
{
"word": "na-"
},
{
"word": "nanga-"
},
{
"word": "ngini"
},
{
"word": "nio-3"
},
{
"word": "nia-2"
},
{
"word": "nia-"
},
{
"word": "ona"
},
{
"word": "yo-4"
},
{
"word": "ya-2"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "manga-"
},
{
"word": "1) Object prefix is attached after a subject prefix and before a derivational prefix and a verb"
},
{
"word": "e.g. Uwa niwisigisen. ‘Don't listen to him.’2) Used if the direct object is a third-person non-human object"
},
{
"word": "e.g. to- + a- → ta-"
},
{
"word": "etc.3) When it is attached to an object prefix"
},
{
"word": "it loses the -o"
},
{
"word": "e.g. mio- + ni- → mini- (except when it is attached to the third-person plural object prefix ki-"
},
{
"word": "e.g. mio- + ki- → mioki-).4) Attached to the first-person singular object prefix i-"
},
{
"word": "the prefix yo- becomes i-"
},
{
"word": "i.e. yo- + i- → ini-."
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kps",
"2": "t-",
"t": "first-person singular prefix"
},
"expansion": "Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "تو-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tft",
"10": "تو-",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "",
"4": "-",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "-",
"9": "Jawi",
"f4sc": "Arab",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "to- (Jawi تو-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"j": "تو-"
},
"expansion": "to- (Jawi تو-)",
"name": "tft-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ternate clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ternate entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ternate pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"english": "I still remember your words to me.",
"text": "ngori tosonyinga moju ngana na demo se ngori.",
"translation": "I still remember your words to me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular clitic, I"
],
"id": "en-to--tft-pron-5~ptrnkO",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ngori"
},
{
"word": "fangarem"
},
{
"word": "fajaruf"
},
{
"word": "to"
},
{
"word": "ri"
},
{
"word": "ngana"
},
{
"word": "ngoni"
},
{
"word": "jou ngoni"
},
{
"word": "no"
},
{
"word": "ni"
},
{
"word": "unam"
},
{
"word": "minaf"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "mof"
},
{
"word": "inh"
},
{
"word": "im"
},
{
"word": "mif"
},
{
"word": "manh"
},
{
"word": "ngone"
},
{
"word": "fo"
},
{
"word": "na"
},
{
"word": "nga"
},
{
"word": "ngomi"
},
{
"word": "fangare ngomim"
},
{
"word": "fajaru ngomif"
},
{
"word": "fara ngomi1"
},
{
"word": "mi"
},
{
"word": "mia"
},
{
"word": "nia"
},
{
"word": "anah"
},
{
"word": "enanh"
},
{
"word": "ih"
},
{
"word": "nh"
},
{
"word": "yoh"
},
{
"word": "†"
},
{
"word": "yanh"
},
{
"word": "nah"
},
{
"word": "ngah"
},
{
"word": "unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"english": "human",
"translation": "human",
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"non-human"
],
"word": "nh"
},
{
"english": "for mixed-gender groups",
"translation": "for mixed-gender groups",
"word": "1"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "†"
}
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiy",
"2": "preverb",
"cat2": "articles"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wiyot",
"lang_code": "wiy",
"pos": "preverb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiyot articles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiyot entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wiyot preverbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The definite article: the"
],
"id": "en-to--wiy-preverb-t96J0c7g",
"links": [
[
"the",
"the"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɑ-/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*taʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wolio",
"lang_code": "wlo",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wolio entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tobawa (“to be brought”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the impersonal passive of transitive verbs"
],
"id": "en-to--wlo-prefix-P5XotUga",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tole'e (“to urinate”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs expressing involuntary action"
],
"id": "en-to--wlo-prefix-Y81v5A~V",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to-/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "de-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "to-"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "dy-"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "dy-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "di-"
}
],
"lang": "Brythonic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
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"word": "to-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tó",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋫",
"pos": "connective particle",
"t": "then",
"tr": "ta-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋫 (ta-, “then”, connective particle)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Dunkel gives two suggestions, either Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”), but there are no clear cognates, or PIE *tó (“then”), compare Hittite 𒋫 (ta-, “then”, connective particle). Matasović's tentative derivation from PIE *tó- (pronoun) is plausible neither semantically nor morphologically, because the stem *tó- was otherwise completely replaced by *só- in Celtic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/to-",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"id": "en-to--cel-pro-prefix-8Z5Bjywf",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"etymology_text": ".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/to-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "full, saturated (not hungry); see there for further descendants",
"translation": "full, saturated (not hungry); see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-k"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-sïk"
},
{
"english": "full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tōl-u"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tōlum"
},
{
"english": "to be full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to be full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tō-l-"
},
{
"english": "saturated; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "saturated; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tod-gun"
},
{
"word": "tod-tur-"
},
{
"english": "to make someone full, feed; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to make someone full, feed; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tod-gur-"
},
{
"english": "to become satiated, full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to become satiated, full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-d-"
},
{
"english": "feast, wedding; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "feast, wedding; see there for further descendants",
"word": ">? Proto-Turkic: *toy"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be full"
],
"id": "en-to--trk-pro-verb-LAue6q1R",
"links": [
[
"full",
"full"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be full"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"lang_code": "nci",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Nahuatl entries with incorrect language header",
"Classical Nahuatl lemmas",
"Classical Nahuatl prefixes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tobreak"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocleave"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocrack"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tocut"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "todrive"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tofrush"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "togo"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "togrind"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toquash"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torace"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torat"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torend"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torit"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "torive"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toshear"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toshiver"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "toslive"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tosliver"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "tosunder"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "totear"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from parting",
"word": "totread"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tobeat"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tobreak"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "todash"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "todraw"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tolash"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "topinch"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toquake"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toruffle"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toshake"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "tostart"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toswap"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "toswink"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "totear"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from excessively",
"word": "towind"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "tobruise"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "tohew"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "toput"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "toreave"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "torob"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from completely",
"word": "toshend"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from moving",
"word": "tolug"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from moving",
"word": "towind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "to-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English to-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiz-",
"t": "apart, in two"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dwis-",
"t": "two-ways, in twain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "all to"
}
],
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{
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"examples": [
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"text": "tocrack",
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{
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2
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],
"text": "togrind",
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{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "torend",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
],
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"Parting",
"parting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
"senseid": [
"en:parting"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
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],
"text": "tobeat",
"type": "example"
},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "topinch",
"type": "example"
},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "toquake",
"type": "example"
},
{
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[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "toruffle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"To do excessively."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
],
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"excessively",
"excessively"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) To do excessively."
],
"senseid": [
"en:excessively"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
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0,
2
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],
"text": "tobruise",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "toreave",
"type": "example"
},
{
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[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "torob",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "toshend",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Completely."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
],
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"Completely",
"completely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Completely."
],
"senseid": [
"en:completely"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
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0,
2
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],
"text": "tolug",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "towind",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Moving."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
],
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"Moving",
"moving"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Moving."
],
"senseid": [
"en:moving"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English prefixes",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "to-be"
},
{
"word": "to-bread"
},
{
"word": "to-come"
},
{
"word": "to-do"
},
{
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"word": "toyear"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "today"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "together"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tomorrow"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from current",
"word": "tosol"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "today"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tomorn"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tomorrow"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from then",
"word": "to-whiles"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "today"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tomorn"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tomorning"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from during",
"word": "toyear"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-bread"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-heap"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from adding",
"word": "to-name"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "today"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from of",
"word": "together"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "to-draw"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from toward",
"word": "together"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "together"
},
{
"sense": "terms derived from at",
"word": "tomorrow"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From to.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
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],
"text": "today",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "tonight",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tosol",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"Current, the current form of the suffixed time. Forming nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"Current",
"current"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:current"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
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],
"text": "today",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "tomorrow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tomorn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"On (this) time, which is a fixed point in time. Forming adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"On (this)",
"on"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:then"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "today",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tonight",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "toyear",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"During the suffixed time. Forming adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"During",
"during"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:during"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "today",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"Of, as characteristic of the suffixed time period. Forming adverbs and adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"Of",
"of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tomorrow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tofall",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"At, at the suffixed time. Forming an unfixed point in time, rather than a duration."
],
"links": [
[
"At",
"at"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:at"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "to-bread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "to-name",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adding, additional in quantity."
],
"links": [
[
"Adding",
"adding"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:adding"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "to-draw",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "tofall",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toward in direction or location."
],
"links": [
[
"Toward",
"toward"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "ja-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "と"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of と"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prefixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toansweren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toassignen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobilimpen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobore"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobouen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocasten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toclepen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocomen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocomynge"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todiȝten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofon"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togrowynge"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toȝewriþen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toiteied"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toknelen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tolepen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toleyen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toneȝen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toproken"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toresen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosælen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosenden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosetten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosettynge"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospeken"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospyren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosteppen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tostonden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tostyen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosweren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totemen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tothynken"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totiȝten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toturnen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towarened"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towenden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towirchynge"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towiten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyede"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyelden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toysette"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toayens"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "today"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "togeder"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toȝeves"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tomiddes"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tomorwe"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tonyght"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "tosamen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "totwene"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toþeþur"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toward"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towardes"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towardly"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towhile"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "towhiles"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyenes"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives, adverbs and prepositions formed with to-",
"word": "toyere"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tocome"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todraght"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tofall"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toflight"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tohope"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toname"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tosupporte"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "totagge"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toturn"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "towardnesse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "to-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toe-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tou-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ta-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuo-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "two-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tow-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:towards"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb"
],
[
"preposition",
"preposition"
],
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
],
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"extension",
"extension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English prefixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobellen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobenden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobreken"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobresten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tobysten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocheuen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocleven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toclouten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tocracchen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todashen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todelen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todelven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todereinen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todiminuen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todrauen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todreven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todriven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "todynen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofallen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofaren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toferen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toflen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofleten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toflouen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tofrushen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tognauen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togniden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tognodden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tograbben"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togreven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "togrinden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toharwen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toheden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohenen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toheuen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohurten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tohwiðeren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toknouen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tolaughen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toliðen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tomurten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "topreven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "torenden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toresen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toschiften"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshenden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosheren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosheten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshiveren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toshrapen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toslateren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toslyften"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosparplen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tospateren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosprengen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosterten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tostonden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toswelten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "tosweten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toteren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totrayen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totreden"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "totyren"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towalten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towarplen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towaxen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towherven"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "towurðen"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toyeten"
},
{
"sense": "Verbs and inflections formed with to-",
"word": "toysheden"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toborstennysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todel"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "todræfednysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toðundennysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toȝotenysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tolætenysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tolysnysse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "tosetnesse"
},
{
"sense": "Nouns formed with to-",
"word": "toworpennysse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "to-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "tu-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure."
],
"links": [
[
"separation",
"separation"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:apart"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"intensify",
"intensify"
],
[
"emphasise",
"emphasise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English prefixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dwís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwís",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ti-"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian ti-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "te-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon te-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zi-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zi-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zer-"
},
"expansion": "German zer-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐍃-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "Latin dis-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognate with Old Frisian ti-, te-, Old Saxon te-, Old High German zi-, zir-, zar-, zur- (German zer-), Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-), and with Latin dis-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "te-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ti-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "tō-",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "tō-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "tō-",
"name": "ang-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to fall apart",
"text": "tefeallan, tōfeallan",
"translation": "to fall apart",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to separate",
"text": "titwǣman, tōtwǣman",
"translation": "to separate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to toss about",
"text": "tetorfian, tōtorfian",
"translation": "to toss about",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"verbal prefix with a sense of \"in pieces, apart, asunder\", or with intensive force"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "reputation",
"text": "tōtalu",
"translation": "reputation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "conversation",
"text": "tōsprǣċ",
"translation": "conversation",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form substantives from other nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*to-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *to-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *to-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "do-",
"tags": [
"pretonic"
]
},
{
"form": "do-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "pretonic",
"4": "do-"
},
"expansion": "to- (pretonic do-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "do-"
},
"expansion": "to- (pretonic do-)",
"name": "sga-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"prefix used to create verbs and associated verbal nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon prefixes",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "tōdōn (“to add; to close”)"
},
{
"text": "tōheftian (“to fix”)"
},
{
"text": "tōhlinon (“to lean against”)"
},
{
"text": "tōhnēgian (“to neigh towards”)"
},
{
"text": "tōrūnon (“to whisper”)"
},
{
"text": "tōsprekan (“to speak with, discuss, talk to”)"
},
{
"text": "tōstōtan (“to push, thrust”)"
},
{
"text": "tōward (“future”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwardes (“near”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwardig (“near”)"
},
{
"text": "tōwendian (“to turn towards”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates words with a sense of ‘towards, to, against’"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pagu",
"lang_code": "pgu",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "ngoi"
},
{
"word": "ta-2"
},
{
"word": "i-"
},
{
"word": "ai-"
},
{
"word": "ngona"
},
{
"word": "no-"
},
{
"word": "na-2"
},
{
"word": "ni-"
},
{
"word": "ani-"
},
{
"word": "masculine"
},
{
"word": "una"
},
{
"word": "wo-"
},
{
"word": "wa-2"
},
{
"word": "wi-"
},
{
"word": "awi-"
},
{
"word": "feminine"
},
{
"word": "muna"
},
{
"word": "mo-"
},
{
"word": "ma-2"
},
{
"word": "mi-"
},
{
"word": "ami-"
},
{
"word": "non-human"
},
{
"word": "a-"
},
{
"word": "exclusive"
},
{
"word": "ngomi"
},
{
"word": "mio-3"
},
{
"word": "mia-2"
},
{
"word": "mia-"
},
{
"word": "inclusive"
},
{
"word": "ngone"
},
{
"word": "wa-2po-"
},
{
"word": "pa-2"
},
{
"word": "na-"
},
{
"word": "nanga-"
},
{
"word": "ngini"
},
{
"word": "nio-3"
},
{
"word": "nia-2"
},
{
"word": "nia-"
},
{
"word": "ona"
},
{
"word": "yo-4"
},
{
"word": "ya-2"
},
{
"word": "ki-"
},
{
"word": "manga-"
},
{
"word": "1) Object prefix is attached after a subject prefix and before a derivational prefix and a verb"
},
{
"word": "e.g. Uwa niwisigisen. ‘Don't listen to him.’2) Used if the direct object is a third-person non-human object"
},
{
"word": "e.g. to- + a- → ta-"
},
{
"word": "etc.3) When it is attached to an object prefix"
},
{
"word": "it loses the -o"
},
{
"word": "e.g. mio- + ni- → mini- (except when it is attached to the third-person plural object prefix ki-"
},
{
"word": "e.g. mio- + ki- → mioki-).4) Attached to the first-person singular object prefix i-"
},
{
"word": "the prefix yo- becomes i-"
},
{
"word": "i.e. yo- + i- → ini-."
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pagu entries with incorrect language header",
"Pagu lemmas",
"Pagu prefixes",
"Pagu terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"english": "I go",
"text": "totagi",
"translation": "I go",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (first-person singular subject prefix)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "de-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "to-"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "de-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "dy-"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "dy-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "di-"
}
],
"lang": "Brythonic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "to-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "do-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "do-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tó",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋫",
"pos": "connective particle",
"t": "then",
"tr": "ta-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒋫 (ta-, “then”, connective particle)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Dunkel gives two suggestions, either Proto-Indo-European *tó (“to, towards”), but there are no clear cognates, or PIE *tó (“then”), compare Hittite 𒋫 (ta-, “then”, connective particle). Matasović's tentative derivation from PIE *tó- (pronoun) is plausible neither semantically nor morphologically, because the stem *tó- was otherwise completely replaced by *só- in Celtic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/to-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic prefixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"to, towards"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "full, saturated (not hungry); see there for further descendants",
"translation": "full, saturated (not hungry); see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-k"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-sïk"
},
{
"english": "full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tōl-u"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "tōlum"
},
{
"english": "to be full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to be full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tō-l-"
},
{
"english": "saturated; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "saturated; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tod-gun"
},
{
"word": "tod-tur-"
},
{
"english": "to make someone full, feed; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to make someone full, feed; see there for further descendants",
"word": "tod-gur-"
},
{
"english": "to become satiated, full; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "to become satiated, full; see there for further descendants",
"word": "to-d-"
},
{
"english": "feast, wedding; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "feast, wedding; see there for further descendants",
"word": ">? Proto-Turkic: *toy"
}
],
"etymology_text": ".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/to-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic intransitive verbs",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be full"
],
"links": [
[
"full",
"full"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be full"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kps",
"2": "t-",
"t": "first-person singular prefix"
},
"expansion": "Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "تو-",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tft",
"10": "تو-",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "",
"4": "-",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "-",
"9": "Jawi",
"f4sc": "Arab",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "to- (Jawi تو-)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"j": "تو-"
},
"expansion": "to- (Jawi تو-)",
"name": "tft-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Ternate",
"lang_code": "tft",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "ngori"
},
{
"word": "fangarem"
},
{
"word": "fajaruf"
},
{
"word": "to"
},
{
"word": "ri"
},
{
"word": "ngana"
},
{
"word": "ngoni"
},
{
"word": "jou ngoni"
},
{
"word": "no"
},
{
"word": "ni"
},
{
"word": "unam"
},
{
"word": "minaf"
},
{
"word": "om"
},
{
"word": "mof"
},
{
"word": "inh"
},
{
"word": "im"
},
{
"word": "mif"
},
{
"word": "manh"
},
{
"word": "ngone"
},
{
"word": "fo"
},
{
"word": "na"
},
{
"word": "nga"
},
{
"word": "ngomi"
},
{
"word": "fangare ngomim"
},
{
"word": "fajaru ngomif"
},
{
"word": "fara ngomi1"
},
{
"word": "mi"
},
{
"word": "mia"
},
{
"word": "nia"
},
{
"word": "anah"
},
{
"word": "enanh"
},
{
"word": "ih"
},
{
"word": "nh"
},
{
"word": "yoh"
},
{
"word": "†"
},
{
"word": "yanh"
},
{
"word": "nah"
},
{
"word": "ngah"
},
{
"word": "unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"english": "human",
"translation": "human",
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"non-human"
],
"word": "nh"
},
{
"english": "for mixed-gender groups",
"translation": "for mixed-gender groups",
"word": "1"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "†"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ternate clitics",
"Ternate entries with incorrect language header",
"Ternate lemmas",
"Ternate pronouns",
"Ternate terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
16
]
],
"english": "I still remember your words to me.",
"text": "ngori tosonyinga moju ngana na demo se ngori.",
"translation": "I still remember your words to me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular clitic, I"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
]
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiy",
"2": "preverb",
"cat2": "articles"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wiyot",
"lang_code": "wiy",
"pos": "preverb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wiyot articles",
"Wiyot entries with incorrect language header",
"Wiyot lemmas",
"Wiyot preverbs"
],
"glosses": [
"The definite article: the"
],
"links": [
[
"the",
"the"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɑ-/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wolio entries with incorrect language header",
"Wolio lemmas",
"Wolio prefixes",
"Wolio terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Wolio terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*taʀ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀ-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "to-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wolio",
"lang_code": "wlo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tobawa (“to be brought”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"marks the impersonal passive of transitive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tole'e (“to urinate”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbs expressing involuntary action"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/to-/"
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for to- meaning in All languages combined (43.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"to-"
],
"section": "Classical Nahuatl",
"subsection": "",
"title": "to-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"to-"
],
"section": "Classical Nahuatl",
"subsection": "",
"title": "to-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.