"to-" meaning in Middle English

See to- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

Etymology: From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō. Etymology templates: {{l|enm|to||in the direction of}} to (“in the direction of”), {{inh|enm|ang|tō}} Old English tō Head templates: {{head|enm|prefix}} to-
  1. Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-to--enm-prefix-enm:towards Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 26 4 25 25
  2. Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-to--enm-prefix--sAtR7E~ Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 26 4 25 25
  3. (rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension. Tags: morpheme, rare
    Sense id: en-to--enm-prefix-rm6rxTqB
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: toe-, tou-, ta-, tuo-, two-, tow-, te-, tu-
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: toansweren, toassignen, tobilimpen, tobore, tobouen, tocasten, toclepen, tocomen, tocomynge, todiȝten, tofon, togrowynge, toiteied, toknelen, tolepen, toleyen, toneȝen, toproken, tosen, tosenden, tosetten, tosettynge, tospeken, tospyren, tosteppen, tostyen, tosweren, tosælen, totemen, toten, tothynken, totiȝten, toturnen, towarened, towenden, towirchynge, towiten, toyede, toyelden, toysette, toȝewriþen, toayens, today, tofore, togeder, tomiddes, tomorwe, tonyght, tosamen, totwene, toward, towardes, towardly, towhile, towhiles, toyen, toyenes, toyere, toþeþur, toȝeves, tocome, todraght, tofall, toflight, tohope, toname, tosupporte, totagge, toturn, towardnesse, toresen, tostonden

Prefix

Etymology: From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|tō-}} Old English tō-, {{m|ang|te-||apart, asunder}} te- (“apart, asunder”) Head templates: {{head|enm|prefix}} to-
  1. Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-to--enm-prefix-enm:apart Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 26 4 25 25
  2. Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-to--enm-prefix-296Bz19A Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 20 26 4 25 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: te-, tu-
Etymology number: 2 Derived forms: toresen, tostonden, tobellen, tobenden, tobreken, tobresten, tobysten, tocheuen, tocleven, toclouten, tocracchen, todashen, todelen, todelven, todereinen, todiminuen, todrauen, todreven, todriven, todynen, tofallen, tofaren, toferen, toflen, tofleten, toflouen, tofrushen, tognauen, togniden, tognodden, tograbben, togreven, togrinden, toharwen, toheden, tohenen, toheuen, tohurten, tohwiðeren, toknouen, tolaughen, toliðen, tomurten, topreven, torenden, toschiften, toshenden, tosheren, tosheten, toshiveren, toshrapen, toslateren, toslyften, tosparplen, tospateren, tosprengen, tosterten, toswelten, tosweten, toteren, totrayen, totreden, totyren, towalten, towarplen, towaxen, towherven, towurðen, toyeten, toysheden, toborstennysse, todel, todræfednysse, tolysnysse, tolætenysse, tosetnesse, toworpennysse, toðundennysse, toȝotenysse

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for to- meaning in Middle English (9.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toansweren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toassignen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tobilimpen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tobore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tobouen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tocasten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toclepen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tocomen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tocomynge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "todiȝten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tofon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "togrowynge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toiteied"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toknelen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tolepen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toleyen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toneȝen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toproken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosenden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosetten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosettynge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tospeken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tospyren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosteppen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tostyen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosweren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosælen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "totemen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tothynken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "totiȝten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toturnen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towarened"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towenden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towirchynge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towiten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyede"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyelden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toysette"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝewriþen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toayens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "today"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tofore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "togeder"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tomiddes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tomorwe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tonyght"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosamen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "totwene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toward"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towardes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towardly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towhile"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towhiles"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyenes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyere"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toþeþur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝeves"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tocome"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "todraght"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tofall"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toflight"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tohope"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toname"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tosupporte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "totagge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toturn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towardnesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toresen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tostonden"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "to-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: to-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: to-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to",
        "3": "",
        "4": "in the direction of"
      },
      "expansion": "to (“in the direction of”)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tō"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "to-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 4 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "id": "en-to--enm-prefix-enm:towards",
      "links": [
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ],
        [
          "directionality",
          "directionality"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:towards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 4 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity."
      ],
      "id": "en-to--enm-prefix--sAtR7E~",
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ],
        [
          "adverb",
          "adverb"
        ],
        [
          "preposition",
          "preposition"
        ],
        [
          "approach",
          "approach"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ],
        [
          "proximity",
          "proximity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "id": "en-to--enm-prefix-rm6rxTqB",
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ],
        [
          "directionality",
          "directionality"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toe-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tou-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ta-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tuo-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "two-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tow-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "te-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tu-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "to-"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toresen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tostonden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tobellen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tobenden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tobreken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tobresten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tobysten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tocheuen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tocleven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toclouten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tocracchen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todashen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todelen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todelven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todereinen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todiminuen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todrauen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todreven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todriven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todynen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tofallen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tofaren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toferen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toflen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tofleten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toflouen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tofrushen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tognauen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "togniden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tognodden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tograbben"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "togreven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "togrinden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toharwen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toheden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tohenen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toheuen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tohurten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tohwiðeren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toknouen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tolaughen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toliðen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tomurten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "topreven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "torenden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toschiften"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toshenden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosheren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosheten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toshiveren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toshrapen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toslateren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toslyften"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosparplen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tospateren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosprengen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosterten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toswelten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosweten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toteren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "totrayen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "totreden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "totyren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towalten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towarplen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towaxen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towherven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towurðen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toyeten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toysheden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toborstennysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "todræfednysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tolysnysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tolætenysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tosetnesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toworpennysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toðundennysse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "toȝotenysse"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "to-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: to-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: to-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tō-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tō-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "te-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "apart, asunder"
      },
      "expansion": "te- (“apart, asunder”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "to-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 4 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure."
      ],
      "id": "en-to--enm-prefix-enm:apart",
      "links": [
        [
          "separation",
          "separation"
        ],
        [
          "departure",
          "departure"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:apart"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 4 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning."
      ],
      "id": "en-to--enm-prefix-296Bz19A",
      "links": [
        [
          "intensify",
          "intensify"
        ],
        [
          "emphasise",
          "emphasise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "te-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tu-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "to-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English prefixes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "toansweren"
    },
    {
      "word": "toassignen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobilimpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobore"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobouen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocasten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toclepen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocomen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocomynge"
    },
    {
      "word": "todiȝten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofon"
    },
    {
      "word": "togrowynge"
    },
    {
      "word": "toiteied"
    },
    {
      "word": "toknelen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tolepen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toleyen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toneȝen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toproken"
    },
    {
      "word": "toresen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosenden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosetten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosettynge"
    },
    {
      "word": "tospeken"
    },
    {
      "word": "tospyren"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosteppen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tostonden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tostyen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosweren"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosælen"
    },
    {
      "word": "totemen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tothynken"
    },
    {
      "word": "totiȝten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toturnen"
    },
    {
      "word": "towarened"
    },
    {
      "word": "towenden"
    },
    {
      "word": "towirchynge"
    },
    {
      "word": "towiten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyede"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyelden"
    },
    {
      "word": "toysette"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝewriþen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toayens"
    },
    {
      "word": "today"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofore"
    },
    {
      "word": "togeder"
    },
    {
      "word": "tomiddes"
    },
    {
      "word": "tomorwe"
    },
    {
      "word": "tonyght"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosamen"
    },
    {
      "word": "totwene"
    },
    {
      "word": "toward"
    },
    {
      "word": "towardes"
    },
    {
      "word": "towardly"
    },
    {
      "word": "towhile"
    },
    {
      "word": "towhiles"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyenes"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyere"
    },
    {
      "word": "toþeþur"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝeves"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocome"
    },
    {
      "word": "todraght"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofall"
    },
    {
      "word": "toflight"
    },
    {
      "word": "tohope"
    },
    {
      "word": "toname"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosupporte"
    },
    {
      "word": "totagge"
    },
    {
      "word": "toturn"
    },
    {
      "word": "towardnesse"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "to-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: to-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: to-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to",
        "3": "",
        "4": "in the direction of"
      },
      "expansion": "to (“in the direction of”)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tō"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From to (“in the direction of”), from Old English tō.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "to-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to verbs and verb inflections to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verb",
          "verb"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ],
        [
          "directionality",
          "directionality"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:towards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to adjectives, adverbs and prepositions to impart a sense of approach, extension and/or proximity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ],
        [
          "adverb",
          "adverb"
        ],
        [
          "preposition",
          "preposition"
        ],
        [
          "approach",
          "approach"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ],
        [
          "proximity",
          "proximity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ],
        [
          "directionality",
          "directionality"
        ],
        [
          "extension",
          "extension"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Affixed to nouns to impart a sense of motion, directionality and/or extension."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "toe-"
    },
    {
      "word": "tou-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ta-"
    },
    {
      "word": "te-"
    },
    {
      "word": "tu-"
    },
    {
      "word": "tuo-"
    },
    {
      "word": "two-"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "to-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English prefixes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "tobellen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobenden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobreken"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobresten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tobysten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocheuen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocleven"
    },
    {
      "word": "toclouten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tocracchen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todashen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todelen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todelven"
    },
    {
      "word": "todereinen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todiminuen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todrauen"
    },
    {
      "word": "todreven"
    },
    {
      "word": "todriven"
    },
    {
      "word": "todynen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofallen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofaren"
    },
    {
      "word": "toferen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toflen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofleten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toflouen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tofrushen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tognauen"
    },
    {
      "word": "togniden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tognodden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tograbben"
    },
    {
      "word": "togreven"
    },
    {
      "word": "togrinden"
    },
    {
      "word": "toharwen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toheden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tohenen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toheuen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tohurten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tohwiðeren"
    },
    {
      "word": "toknouen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tolaughen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toliðen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tomurten"
    },
    {
      "word": "topreven"
    },
    {
      "word": "torenden"
    },
    {
      "word": "toresen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toschiften"
    },
    {
      "word": "toshenden"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosheren"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosheten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toshiveren"
    },
    {
      "word": "toshrapen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toslateren"
    },
    {
      "word": "toslyften"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosparplen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tospateren"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosprengen"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosterten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tostonden"
    },
    {
      "word": "toswelten"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosweten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toteren"
    },
    {
      "word": "totrayen"
    },
    {
      "word": "totreden"
    },
    {
      "word": "totyren"
    },
    {
      "word": "towalten"
    },
    {
      "word": "towarplen"
    },
    {
      "word": "towaxen"
    },
    {
      "word": "towherven"
    },
    {
      "word": "towurðen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyeten"
    },
    {
      "word": "toysheden"
    },
    {
      "word": "toborstennysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "todel"
    },
    {
      "word": "todræfednysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "tolysnysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "tolætenysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "tosetnesse"
    },
    {
      "word": "toworpennysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "toðundennysse"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝotenysse"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "to-"
          },
          "expansion": "English: to-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: to-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tō-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tō-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "te-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "apart, asunder"
      },
      "expansion": "te- (“apart, asunder”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tō-, te- (“apart, asunder”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "to-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to verbs and nouns to impart a sense of separation and/or departure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "separation",
          "separation"
        ],
        [
          "departure",
          "departure"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:apart"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Appended to verbs and nouns to intensify or emphasise the meaning."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intensify",
          "intensify"
        ],
        [
          "emphasise",
          "emphasise"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "te-"
    },
    {
      "word": "tu-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "to-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.