"toayens" meaning in Middle English

See toayens in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

Etymology: From toyenes (“against, toward”), influenced by ayenes (“opposite, against”). Head templates: {{head|enm|preposition}} toayens
  1. In defence against something.
    Sense id: en-toayens-enm-prep-7Pl5izNz Categories (other): Middle English prepositions Disambiguation of Middle English prepositions: 29 38 33
  2. In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons.
    Sense id: en-toayens-enm-prep-ympTLFU8 Categories (other): Middle English prepositions Disambiguation of Middle English prepositions: 29 38 33
  3. Facing towards something.
    Sense id: en-toayens-enm-prep-f-eZ0CgD Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English prepositions, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 17 34 49 Disambiguation of Middle English prepositions: 29 38 33 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 27 52 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 14 70
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: to-ayens, to ayens, toayans, to ayans, toaȝens, to aȝens, toaȝeines, to aȝeines Related terms: toyen, toyenes

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_text": "From toyenes (“against, toward”), influenced by ayenes (“opposite, against”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "toayens",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toyenes"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In defence against something."
      ],
      "id": "en-toayens-enm-prep-7Pl5izNz",
      "links": [
        [
          "defence",
          "defence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons."
      ],
      "id": "en-toayens-enm-prep-ympTLFU8",
      "links": [
        [
          "opposition",
          "opposition"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral"
        ],
        [
          "philosophical",
          "philosophical"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 34 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 38 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 27 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 14 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Facing towards something."
      ],
      "id": "en-toayens-enm-prep-f-eZ0CgD"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "to-ayens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "to ayens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toayans"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "to ayans"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toaȝens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "to aȝens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toaȝeines"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "to aȝeines"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toayens"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English prepositions",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From toyenes (“against, toward”), influenced by ayenes (“opposite, against”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "toayens",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "toyen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyenes"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In defence against something."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defence",
          "defence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "opposition",
          "opposition"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral"
        ],
        [
          "philosophical",
          "philosophical"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Facing towards something."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "to-ayens"
    },
    {
      "word": "to ayens"
    },
    {
      "word": "toayans"
    },
    {
      "word": "to ayans"
    },
    {
      "word": "toaȝens"
    },
    {
      "word": "to aȝens"
    },
    {
      "word": "toaȝeines"
    },
    {
      "word": "to aȝeines"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toayens"
}

Download raw JSONL data for toayens meaning in Middle English (1.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.