See to- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "to-"
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō-"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*tō-"
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tō-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"t": "two-ways, in twain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English to-, from Old English tō-, te- (“apart, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *tō-, *tuʀ-, *twiʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz- (“apart, in two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis- (“two-ways, in twain”).",
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{
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"word": "all to"
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"text": "torend",
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"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
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[
"apart",
"apart"
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[
"away",
"away"
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[
"asunder",
"asunder"
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[
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"separation"
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[
"negation",
"negation"
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[
"intensity",
"intensity"
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[
"Parting",
"parting"
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"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Parting: forming verbs that involve cleaving, breaking, or sundering."
],
"senseid": [
"en:parting"
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"morpheme"
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"text": "topinch",
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0,
2
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],
"text": "toquake",
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{
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0,
2
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],
"text": "toruffle",
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],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"To do excessively."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
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[
"away",
"away"
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[
"asunder",
"asunder"
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[
"separation",
"separation"
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[
"negation",
"negation"
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[
"intensity",
"intensity"
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[
"excessively",
"excessively"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) To do excessively."
],
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"morpheme"
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},
{
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"text": "torob",
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{
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0,
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],
"text": "toshend",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Completely."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
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[
"away",
"away"
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"asunder",
"asunder"
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[
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[
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[
"intensity",
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[
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"completely"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Completely."
],
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"en:completely"
],
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"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"text": "tolug",
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{
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],
"text": "towind",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"Moving."
],
"links": [
[
"apart",
"apart"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"asunder",
"asunder"
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[
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[
"negation",
"negation"
],
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
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"moving"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(no longer productive) apart, away, asunder, in pieces; expressing separation, negation, or intensity.",
"(no longer productive) Moving."
],
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],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English prefixes",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "to-be"
},
{
"word": "to-bread"
},
{
"word": "to-come"
},
{
"word": "to-do"
},
{
"word": "tofore"
},
{
"word": "toyear"
},
{
"word": "today"
},
{
"word": "together"
},
{
"word": "tomorrow"
},
{
"word": "tonight"
},
{
"word": "tosol"
},
{
"word": "tomorn"
},
{
"word": "to-whiles"
},
{
"word": "tomorning"
},
{
"word": "to-heap"
},
{
"word": "to-name"
},
{
"word": "to-draw"
},
{
"word": "tofall"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From to.",
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{
"args": {
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{
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],
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],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"Current, the current form of the suffixed time. Forming nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"Current",
"current"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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},
{
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"text": "tomorn",
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],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"On (this) time, which is a fixed point in time. Forming adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"On (this)",
"on"
]
],
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"text": "toyear",
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],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"During the suffixed time. Forming adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"During",
"during"
]
],
"senseid": [
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
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{
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"text": "today",
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],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"Of, as characteristic of the suffixed time period. Forming adverbs and adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"Of",
"of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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],
"text": "tomorrow",
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},
{
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0,
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]
],
"text": "tofall",
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},
{
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],
"text": "together",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in various ways to indicate temporality:",
"At, at the suffixed time. Forming an unfixed point in time, rather than a duration."
],
"links": [
[
"At",
"at"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:at"
],
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"text": "to-bread",
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},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "to-name",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adding, additional in quantity."
],
"links": [
[
"Adding",
"adding"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:adding"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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"text": "to-draw",
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},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "tofall",
"type": "example"
},
{
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0,
2
]
],
"text": "together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toward in direction or location."
],
"links": [
[
"Toward",
"toward"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:toward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "to-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for to- meaning in English (10.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.