"toyen" meaning in All languages combined

See toyen on Wiktionary

Preposition [Middle English]

Etymology: From Old English tōgēan. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|tōgēan}} Old English tōgēan Head templates: {{head|enm|preposition}} toyen
  1. Towards, with hostility; against.
    Sense id: en-toyen-enm-prep-XM4fTn7i
  2. In defence against.
    Sense id: en-toyen-enm-prep-rso49lyf
  3. In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons.
    Sense id: en-toyen-enm-prep-ympTLFU8
  4. Placed in physical proximity to; abutting.
    Sense id: en-toyen-enm-prep-Ta~lapvV Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English prepositions Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 6 9 71 11 Disambiguation of Middle English prepositions: 10 10 12 55 12
  5. In the presence of.
    Sense id: en-toyen-enm-prep-UmQlP~LG
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: toȝain, toȝen, toȝene, toȝein, toȝean, toȝeane, toȝæn Related terms: toayens, toyenes

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for toyen meaning in All languages combined (1.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tōgēan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tōgēan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tōgēan.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "toyen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toayens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toyenes"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Towards, with hostility; against."
      ],
      "id": "en-toyen-enm-prep-XM4fTn7i",
      "links": [
        [
          "hostility",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In defence against."
      ],
      "id": "en-toyen-enm-prep-rso49lyf",
      "links": [
        [
          "defence",
          "defence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons."
      ],
      "id": "en-toyen-enm-prep-ympTLFU8",
      "links": [
        [
          "opposition",
          "opposition"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral"
        ],
        [
          "philosophical",
          "philosophical"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 6 9 71 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 12 55 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Placed in physical proximity to; abutting."
      ],
      "id": "en-toyen-enm-prep-Ta~lapvV",
      "links": [
        [
          "proximity",
          "proximity"
        ],
        [
          "abutting",
          "abutting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In the presence of."
      ],
      "id": "en-toyen-enm-prep-UmQlP~LG",
      "links": [
        [
          "presence",
          "presence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝain"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝein"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝean"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝeane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "toȝæn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toyen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English prepositions",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tōgēan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tōgēan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tōgēan.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "toyen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "toayens"
    },
    {
      "word": "toyenes"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Towards, with hostility; against."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hostility",
          "hostility"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In defence against."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defence",
          "defence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In opposition to something, often for moral or philosophical reasons."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "opposition",
          "opposition"
        ],
        [
          "moral",
          "moral"
        ],
        [
          "philosophical",
          "philosophical"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Placed in physical proximity to; abutting."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "proximity",
          "proximity"
        ],
        [
          "abutting",
          "abutting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In the presence of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "presence",
          "presence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "toȝain"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝen"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝene"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝein"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝean"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝeane"
    },
    {
      "word": "toȝæn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toyen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.