"riffraff" meaning in English

See riffraff in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɹɪfɹæf/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-riffraff.wav Forms: riffraffs [plural]
Etymology: From Old French rif et raf (“one and all”), of Germanic origin. The first word is from rifler (“to scrape off”) and the last is from raffler, related to rafler (“to plunder”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|fro|rif}} Old French rif, {{der|en|gem|-}} Germanic Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} riffraff (usually uncountable, plural riffraffs)
  1. (informal, somewhat derogatory) The rabble; crowds; people of a low, disreputable or undesirable class or position. Tags: derogatory, informal, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): People Synonyms: commonalty Translations (the rabble): σύρφαξ (súrphax) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), συρφετός (surphetós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), رَعَاع (raʕāʕ) [masculine] (Arabic), 廢物 (Chinese Mandarin), 废物 (fèiwù) (Chinese Mandarin), 賤民 (Chinese Mandarin), 贱民 (jiànmín) (Chinese Mandarin), 下等人 (xiàděngrén) (Chinese Mandarin), 流氓 (liúmán) (Chinese Mandarin), 烏合之眾 (Chinese Mandarin), 乌合之众 (wūhézhlzhòng) (Chinese Mandarin), lůza [feminine] (Czech), chátra [feminine] (Czech), sebranka [feminine] (Czech), pakáž [feminine] (Czech), pøbel [common-gender] (Danish), pak [neuter] (Danish), geteisem (Dutch), schorremorrie (Dutch), tuig (Dutch), rapalje (Dutch), gepeupel (Dutch), rahvarämps (Estonian), rahvas (Finnish), roskaväki (Finnish), racaille [feminine] (French), populace [feminine] (French), canaille [dated, feminine] (French), xentualla [feminine] (Galician), Pöbel [masculine] (German), Plebs [masculine] (German), gemeines Volk [neuter] (German), αληταρία (alitaría) [feminine] (Greek), pakk [neuter] (Icelandic), skríll [masculine] (Icelandic), illþýði [neuter] (Icelandic), tamarro [masculine] (Italian), lazzarone [masculine] (Italian), coatto [masculine] (Italian), 下層民 (kasōmin) (alt: かそうみん) (Japanese), 下層階級 (kasō kaikyū) (alt: かそうかいきゅう) (Japanese), 有象無象 (uzō muzō) (Japanese), gentalha [feminine] (Portuguese), ralé [feminine] (Portuguese), plebe [feminine] (Romanian), gloată [feminine] (Romanian), че́рнь (čérnʹ) [feminine] (Russian), сбро́д (sbród) [masculine] (Russian), бы́дло (býdlo) [neuter] (Russian), raja [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), šljam [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), о̏лош [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), ȍloš [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), chamraď [feminine] (Slovak), zberba [feminine] (Slovak), bagáž [feminine] (Slovak), gentuza [feminine] (Spanish), gentualla [feminine] (Spanish), flaite [Chile, masculine] (Spanish), chusma (Spanish), gente de baja estofa (Spanish), gleba (Spanish), pöbel [common-gender] (Swedish), kreti och pleti (Swedish), patrask [neuter] (Swedish), pack [neuter] (Swedish), ayaktakımı (Turkish), lupöp (Volapük)
    Sense id: en-riffraff-en-noun-i8kSUhxs Disambiguation of People: 100 0 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of 'the rabble': 94 6
  2. (informal) Sweepings; refuse. Tags: informal, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Collectives
    Sense id: en-riffraff-en-noun-GkpA-zjA Disambiguation of Collectives: 40 60 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English reduplications, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Volapük translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 55 Disambiguation of English reduplications: 35 65 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 36 64 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 36 64 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 30 70 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 31 69 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 23 77 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 28 72 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 27 73 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 37 63 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Terms with Volapük translations: 27 73
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: riff-raff Derived forms: riffraffish, riff-raffy Related terms: raffish

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "riffraffish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "riff-raffy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French rif et raf (“one and all”), of Germanic origin. The first word is from rifler (“to scrape off”) and the last is from raffler, related to rafler (“to plunder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "riffraffs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "riffraff (usually uncountable, plural riffraffs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "raffish"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "They started charging a modest fee in an effort to keep the riffraff out.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, Shovel Knight: King of Cards, Nintendo 3DS, scene: ending:",
          "text": "Mom: [Walks away with King Pridemoor.] / King Knight: 'MOM, WAIT! ..... MOM!! *SIGH* WELL, FINALLY, THE RIFF-RAFF... AND MY MOM, ARE GONE.'",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The rabble; crowds; people of a low, disreputable or undesirable class or position."
      ],
      "id": "en-riffraff-en-noun-i8kSUhxs",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "rabble",
          "rabble"
        ],
        [
          "crowds",
          "crowds"
        ],
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "disreputable",
          "disreputable"
        ],
        [
          "undesirable",
          "undesirable"
        ],
        [
          "class",
          "class"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, somewhat derogatory) The rabble; crowds; people of a low, disreputable or undesirable class or position."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commonalty"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "informal",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "raʕāʕ",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "رَعَاع"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "廢物"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fèiwù",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "废物"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "賤民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiànmín",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "贱民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiàděngrén",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "下等人"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "liúmán",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "流氓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "烏合之眾"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "wūhézhlzhòng",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "乌合之众"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lůza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "chátra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sebranka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pakáž"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "pøbel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "geteisem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "schorremorrie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "tuig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "rapalje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "gepeupel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "rahvarämps"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "rahvas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "roskaväki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "racaille"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "populace"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "canaille"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "xentualla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Pöbel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Plebs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "gemeines Volk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "alitaría",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αληταρία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "súrphax",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "σύρφαξ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "surphetós",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "συρφετός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pakk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "skríll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "illþýði"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tamarro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lazzarone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "coatto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "alt": "かそうみん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kasōmin",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "下層民"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "alt": "かそうかいきゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kasō kaikyū",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "下層階級"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "uzō muzō",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "有象無象"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gentalha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ralé"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plebe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gloată"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "čérnʹ",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "че́рнь"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sbród",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сбро́д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "býdlo",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "бы́дло"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "raja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "šljam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "о̏лош"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ȍloš"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "chamraď"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "zberba"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bagáž"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gentuza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gentualla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "Chile",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "flaite"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "chusma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "gente de baja estofa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "gleba"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "pöbel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "kreti och pleti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "patrask"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pack"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "ayaktakımı"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "the rabble",
          "word": "lupöp"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
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        },
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          "_dis": "27 73",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
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          "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
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        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
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        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
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        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "27 73",
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        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
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          "_dis": "27 73",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
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        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
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        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
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        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
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        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
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          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
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        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Collectives",
          "orig": "en:Collectives",
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            "Miscellaneous",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sweepings; refuse."
      ],
      "id": "en-riffraff-en-noun-GkpA-zjA",
      "links": [
        [
          "Sweepings",
          "sweepings"
        ],
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Sweepings; refuse."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪfɹæf/"
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    {
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  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "riff-raff"
    }
  ],
  "word": "riffraff"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English reduplications",
    "English terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Volapük translations",
    "en:Collectives",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "riffraffish"
    },
    {
      "word": "riff-raffy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French rif et raf (“one and all”), of Germanic origin. The first word is from rifler (“to scrape off”) and the last is from raffler, related to rafler (“to plunder”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "riffraffs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "riffraff (usually uncountable, plural riffraffs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "raffish"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "They started charging a modest fee in an effort to keep the riffraff out.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, Shovel Knight: King of Cards, Nintendo 3DS, scene: ending:",
          "text": "Mom: [Walks away with King Pridemoor.] / King Knight: 'MOM, WAIT! ..... MOM!! *SIGH* WELL, FINALLY, THE RIFF-RAFF... AND MY MOM, ARE GONE.'",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The rabble; crowds; people of a low, disreputable or undesirable class or position."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "rabble",
          "rabble"
        ],
        [
          "crowds",
          "crowds"
        ],
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "disreputable",
          "disreputable"
        ],
        [
          "undesirable",
          "undesirable"
        ],
        [
          "class",
          "class"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, somewhat derogatory) The rabble; crowds; people of a low, disreputable or undesirable class or position."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "commonalty"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "informal",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Sweepings; refuse."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Sweepings",
          "sweepings"
        ],
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Sweepings; refuse."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹɪfɹæf/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-riffraff.wav",
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    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "riff-raff"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "raʕāʕ",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "رَعَاع"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "廢物"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fèiwù",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "废物"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "賤民"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiànmín",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "贱民"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiàděngrén",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "下等人"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "liúmán",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "流氓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "烏合之眾"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "wūhézhlzhòng",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "乌合之众"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lůza"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "chátra"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sebranka"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pakáž"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "pøbel"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pak"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "geteisem"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "schorremorrie"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "tuig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "rapalje"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "gepeupel"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "rahvarämps"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "rahvas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "roskaväki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "racaille"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "populace"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "canaille"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "xentualla"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Pöbel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Plebs"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "gemeines Volk"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "alitaría",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αληταρία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "súrphax",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "σύρφαξ"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "surphetós",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "συρφετός"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pakk"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "skríll"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "illþýði"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tamarro"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lazzarone"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "coatto"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かそうみん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kasōmin",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "下層民"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かそうかいきゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kasō kaikyū",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "下層階級"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "uzō muzō",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "有象無象"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gentalha"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ralé"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plebe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gloată"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "čérnʹ",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "че́рнь"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sbród",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сбро́д"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "býdlo",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "бы́дло"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "raja"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "šljam"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "о̏лош"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ȍloš"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "chamraď"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zberba"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bagáž"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gentuza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gentualla"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "flaite"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "chusma"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "gente de baja estofa"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "gleba"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "pöbel"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "kreti och pleti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "patrask"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pack"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "ayaktakımı"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "the rabble",
      "word": "lupöp"
    }
  ],
  "word": "riffraff"
}

Download raw JSONL data for riffraff meaning in English (10.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.