See working class in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 47:",
"text": "It may seem that the Met was a snobbish outfit, a betrayer of the egalitarian dreams of Charles Pearson, but in being one of the pioneers of working men's fares the company had helped to bring about a revolution that would allow the working classes to live in London. Cheap trains would supersede Gladstone's well-meant Parliamentary Trains.",
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"The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others."
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"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "werkersklas"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "aṭ-ṭabaqa l-ʕāmila",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "اَلطَّبَقَة اَلْعَامِلَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "banvor dasakarg",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "բանվոր դասակարգ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngrén jiējí",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "工人階級 /工人阶级"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "láodòng jiēji",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "勞動階級 /劳动阶级"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dělnická třída"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "arbejderklasse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbeidersklasse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "laboristaro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "työväenluokka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe ouvrière"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase traballadora"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mušata ḳlasi",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "მუშათა კლასი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Arbeiterklasse"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāmgār varg",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कामगार वर्ग"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "munkásosztály"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "laboristaro"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lucht oibre"
},
{
"alt": "ろうどうしゃかいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōdōsha kaikyū",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "労働者階級"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūmysşy taby",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "жұмысшы табы"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūmysşylar",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "жұмысшылар"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vanna’ pʊəl kɑɑ",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "វណ្ណៈពលករ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vanna’ kamma’ kɑɑ",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "វណ្ណៈកម្មករ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "Çîna karker"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strādnieku šķira"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rabótnička klása",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рабо́тничка кла́са"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbeiderklasse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbeidarklasse"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tabaqe-ye kârgar",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "طبقه کارگر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klasa robotnicza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klasa pracująca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe trabalhadora"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe operária"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proletariado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clasa muncitoare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabóčij klass",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рабо́чий класс"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clas-obrach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра̑днӣштво"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "rȃdnīštvo"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dźěłaćerska klasa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase obrera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase trabajadora"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "arbetarklass"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "uring manggagawa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "işçi sınıfı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "robitnyčyj klas",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "робітничий клас"
},
{
"alt": "階級工人",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "giai cấp công nhân"
},
{
"alt": "階級無產",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "giai cấp vô sản"
},
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"code": "cy",
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"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosbarth gweithiol"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "arbeter-klas",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַרבעטער־קלאַס"
}
]
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"working class"
],
"word": "working class"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Communism",
"en:Leftism",
"en:Marxism",
"en:Socialism",
"en:Sociology"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "working classes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "working class (plural working classes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes. He said that if you wanted to do anything for them, you must rule them, not pamper them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 47:",
"text": "It may seem that the Met was a snobbish outfit, a betrayer of the egalitarian dreams of Charles Pearson, but in being one of the pioneers of working men's fares the company had helped to bring about a revolution that would allow the working classes to live in London. Cheap trains would supersede Gladstone's well-meant Parliamentary Trains.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others."
],
"links": [
[
"social class",
"social class"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "proletariat"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "werkersklas"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "aṭ-ṭabaqa l-ʕāmila",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَلطَّبَقَة اَلْعَامِلَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "banvor dasakarg",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "բանվոր դասակարգ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngrén jiējí",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "工人階級 /工人阶级"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "láodòng jiēji",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "勞動階級 /劳动阶级"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dělnická třída"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "arbejderklasse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbeidersklasse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "laboristaro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "työväenluokka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe ouvrière"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase traballadora"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mušata ḳlasi",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "მუშათა კლასი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Arbeiterklasse"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāmgār varg",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कामगार वर्ग"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "munkásosztály"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "laboristaro"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lucht oibre"
},
{
"alt": "ろうどうしゃかいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōdōsha kaikyū",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "労働者階級"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūmysşy taby",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "жұмысшы табы"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūmysşylar",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "жұмысшылар"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vanna’ pʊəl kɑɑ",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "វណ្ណៈពលករ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "vanna’ kamma’ kɑɑ",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "វណ្ណៈកម្មករ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Çîna karker"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strādnieku šķira"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rabótnička klása",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рабо́тничка кла́са"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbeiderklasse"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbeidarklasse"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tabaqe-ye kârgar",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "طبقه کارگر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klasa robotnicza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "klasa pracująca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe trabalhadora"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe operária"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "proletariado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clasa muncitoare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabóčij klass",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рабо́чий класс"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clas-obrach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра̑днӣштво"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "rȃdnīštvo"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dźěłaćerska klasa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase obrera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clase trabajadora"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "arbetarklass"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "uring manggagawa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "işçi sınıfı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "robitnyčyj klas",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "робітничий клас"
},
{
"alt": "階級工人",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "giai cấp công nhân"
},
{
"alt": "階級無產",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"word": "giai cấp vô sản"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosbarth gweithiol"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "arbeter-klas",
"sense": "social class doing physical work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַרבעטער־קלאַס"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"working class"
],
"word": "working class"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Communism",
"en:Leftism",
"en:Marxism",
"en:Socialism",
"en:Sociology"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "more working class",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most working class",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "working-class before noun",
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "working class (comparative more working class, superlative most working class)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "working-class"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of working-class"
],
"links": [
[
"working-class",
"working-class#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"working class"
],
"word": "working class"
}
Download raw JSONL data for working class meaning in English (13.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.