See crust in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for crust meaning in English (37.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "continental crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crack a crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cradle crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earn one's crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kissing-crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "milk crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust collar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust lease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thick-crust pizza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thin-crust pizza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "upper crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*krews-",
"3": "",
"4": "to form a crust, begin to freeze"
},
"expansion": "*krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "encrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-9sBLiqQ8",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "կեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epípagos",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επίπαγος"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "burok"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "koori"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "no",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 8 8 0 5 8 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-U8icMcoq",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An outer layer composed of pastry"
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-b2IgU9K2",
"links": [
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hacʿi keġew",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "հացի կեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿoruk",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "չորուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "qazmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "麵包皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "miànbāo pí",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "面包皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůrka"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "koorik"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "crust piece",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codela"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóra",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κόρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kenyérhéj"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pan no mimi",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "パンの耳"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kiri parāoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côdea"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crustă"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafaršit"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 18 33 0 11 13 14 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "skorinke",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סקאָרינקע"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 25 0 7 14 19 3 7 0 6 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 25 0 7 14 19 3 7 0 6 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pancirʹ",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "панцирь"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 25 0 7 14 19 3 7 0 6 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "páncyr",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́нцир"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 9 25 0 7 14 19 3 7 0 6 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čerepáška",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "черепа́шка"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bread-like base of a pizza."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-8l6WPxe2",
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"pizza",
"pizza"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比薩外皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsà wàipí",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比萨外皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pizzapohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "piza kurasuto",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "ピザクラスト"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pija keureoseuteu",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "피자 크러스트"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóročka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рочка"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 1 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-arIMCK1E",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"Canada",
"Ireland",
"New-Zealand",
"Northern-US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition",
"text": "The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-aH6~cLkr",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"lithosphere",
"lithosphere"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 2 0 16 6 22 1 13 0 16 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-ypcr84ry",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"terrestrial planet",
"terrestrial planet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkrakeġew",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "երկրակեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殼"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìqiào",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地壳"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "terkrusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūparpaṭī",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "भूपर्पटी"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "köpeny"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "földkéreg"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"alt": "ちかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikaku",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殻"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigak",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "지각"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kirinuku"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ieedkjarscht"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "jordskorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak ng Duta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 30 39 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-tLNwobwl",
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to earn one's crust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press, page 1",
"text": "Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A living."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-lFDkFL98",
"links": [
[
"living",
"living"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, informal) A living."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daily bread"
},
{
"word": "income"
},
{
"word": "livelihood"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nerve, gall."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-V5sIavtc",
"links": [
[
"Nerve",
"nerve"
],
[
"gall",
"gall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "pokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "otsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "kantti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "muna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 90",
"text": "“Well, all I can say is that if yer don't take yer dial outer the road I'll bloomin' well take an' bounce a gibber off yer crust.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The head."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-Y~HP1lFs",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, slang, dated) The head."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a subgenre of punk music",
"word": "crust punk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
"parents": [
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-gs4Hd2cJ",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"crust punk",
"crust punk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*krews-",
"3": "",
"4": "to form a crust, begin to freeze"
},
"expansion": "*krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crust (third-person singular simple present crusts, present participle crusting, simple past and past participle crusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1662, Robert Boyle, An Account of Freezing",
"text": "The whole body is crusted over with ice.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics",
"text": "Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a crust."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-verb-966B57rW",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a crust."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrivam s kora",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "покривам с кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "krustigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorruttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "tehdä kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "muodostaa kuori"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To form a crust."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-verb-gOdwFK4F",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form a crust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hvaštam kora",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "хващам кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krustiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuortua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuorettua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "muodostua kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krusteskar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Maltese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"word": "continental crust"
},
{
"word": "crack a crust"
},
{
"word": "cradle crust"
},
{
"word": "earn one's crust"
},
{
"word": "kissing-crust"
},
{
"word": "milk crust"
},
{
"word": "pie crust"
},
{
"word": "pie crust collar"
},
{
"word": "pie crust lease"
},
{
"word": "thick-crust pizza"
},
{
"word": "thin-crust pizza"
},
{
"word": "upper crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*krews-",
"3": "",
"4": "to form a crust, begin to freeze"
},
"expansion": "*krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"word": "crusty"
},
{
"word": "encrust"
},
{
"word": "heel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary."
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An outer layer composed of pastry"
],
"links": [
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bread-like base of a pizza."
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"pizza",
"pizza"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"Canadian English",
"Irish English",
"New Zealand English",
"Northern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"Canada",
"Ireland",
"New-Zealand",
"Northern-US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition",
"text": "The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"lithosphere",
"lithosphere"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"terrestrial planet",
"terrestrial planet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to earn one's crust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press, page 1",
"text": "Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A living."
],
"links": [
[
"living",
"living"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, informal) A living."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daily bread"
},
{
"word": "income"
},
{
"word": "livelihood"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nerve, gall."
],
"links": [
[
"Nerve",
"nerve"
],
[
"gall",
"gall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 90",
"text": "“Well, all I can say is that if yer don't take yer dial outer the road I'll bloomin' well take an' bounce a gibber off yer crust.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The head."
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, slang, dated) The head."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a subgenre of punk music",
"word": "crust punk"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"en:Musical genres"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"crust punk",
"crust punk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "կեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epípagos",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επίπαγος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "burok"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "koori"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"code": "no",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hacʿi keġew",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "հացի կեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʿoruk",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "չորուկ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "qazmaq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "麵包皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "miànbāo pí",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "面包皮"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůrka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "koorik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "crust piece",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codela"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóra",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κόρα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kenyérhéj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pan no mimi",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "パンの耳"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kiri parāoa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côdea"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crustă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafaršit"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "skorinke",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סקאָרינקע"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比薩外皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsà wàipí",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比萨外皮"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pohja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pizzapohja"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "piza kurasuto",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "ピザクラスト"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pija keureoseuteu",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "피자 크러스트"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóročka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рочка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkrakeġew",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "երկրակեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìqiào",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地壳"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "terkrusto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūparpaṭī",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "भूपर्पटी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "köpeny"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "földkéreg"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"alt": "ちかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikaku",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殻"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigak",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "지각"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kirinuku"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ieedkjarscht"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorupa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "jordskorpa"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak ng Duta"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pancirʹ",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "панцирь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "páncyr",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́нцир"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čerepáška",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "черепа́шка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "pokka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "otsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "kantti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "muna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Maltese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*krews-",
"3": "",
"4": "to form a crust, begin to freeze"
},
"expansion": "*krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crust (third-person singular simple present crusts, present participle crusting, simple past and past participle crusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1662, Robert Boyle, An Account of Freezing",
"text": "The whole body is crusted over with ice.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics",
"text": "Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a crust."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a crust."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To form a crust."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form a crust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrivam s kora",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "покривам с кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "krustigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorruttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorettaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "tehdä kuori"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "muodostaa kuori"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hvaštam kora",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "хващам кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krustiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuortua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuorettua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "muodostua kuori"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krusteskar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.