See skorupa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupiany"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupiasty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupowaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupa ziemska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupiak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skorupieć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*skorupa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skorupa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*skorupa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skorupa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skorupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skorupka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "skorupka"
},
"expansion": "skorupa f (diminutive skorupka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sko‧ru‧pa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupiakowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupkowaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupkowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "skorupkowatość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"carapace, shell (hard external cover)"
],
"id": "en-skorupa-pl-noun-hdKrVPlg",
"links": [
[
"carapace",
"carapace"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "łupina"
},
{
"word": "powłoka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 35 15 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 41 16 38 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 17 41 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 22 39 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 34 22 40 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 31 20 35 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "pl:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crust (any solid, hard surface layer)"
],
"id": "en-skorupa-pl-noun-TCB5HjiB",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "pl:Psychology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 35 15 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 41 16 38 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 17 41 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 22 39 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 34 22 40 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 31 20 35 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "pl:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shell (psychological barrier to social interaction)"
],
"id": "en-skorupa-pl-noun-~fABjidR",
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) shell (psychological barrier to social interaction)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Archaeology",
"orig": "pl:Archaeology",
"parents": [
"Anthropology",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Zoology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Biology",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "pl:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 35 15 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 41 16 38 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 17 41 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 25 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 22 39 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 34 22 40 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 28 24 42 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "pl:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 31 20 35 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "pl:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"potsherd"
],
"id": "en-skorupa-pl-noun-JSCAZ8q-",
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
],
[
"ceramics",
"ceramics"
],
[
"potsherd",
"potsherd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology, ceramics) potsherd"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"ceramics",
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Poznań Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 31 20 35 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Vessels",
"orig": "pl:Vessels",
"parents": [
"Containers",
"Liquids",
"Tools",
"Matter",
"Technology",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ceramic vessel"
],
"id": "en-skorupa-pl-noun-fh7az8Tr",
"links": [
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Poznań, Far Masovian) ceramic vessel"
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-upa"
},
{
"homophone": "Skorupa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia",
"word": "skarupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Poznań"
],
"word": "szkarupa"
}
],
"word": "skorupa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/upa",
"Rhymes:Polish/upa/3 syllables",
"pl:Animal body parts",
"pl:Vessels"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "skorupiany"
},
{
"word": "skorupiasty"
},
{
"word": "skorupowaty"
},
{
"word": "skorupowy"
},
{
"word": "skorupa ziemska"
},
{
"word": "skorupiak"
},
{
"word": "skorupik"
},
{
"word": "skorupnik"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "skorupieć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*skorupa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skorupa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*skorupa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skorupa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *skorupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "skorupka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skorupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "skorupka"
},
"expansion": "skorupa f (diminutive skorupka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sko‧ru‧pa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "skorupiakowy"
},
{
"word": "skorupkowaty"
},
{
"word": "skorupkowy"
},
{
"word": "skorupkowatość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"carapace, shell (hard external cover)"
],
"links": [
[
"carapace",
"carapace"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "łupina"
},
{
"word": "powłoka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crust (any solid, hard surface layer)"
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Psychology"
],
"glosses": [
"shell (psychological barrier to social interaction)"
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) shell (psychological barrier to social interaction)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Archaeology",
"pl:Ceramics"
],
"glosses": [
"potsherd"
],
"links": [
[
"archaeology",
"archaeology"
],
[
"ceramics",
"ceramics"
],
[
"potsherd",
"potsherd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaeology, ceramics) potsherd"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"ceramics",
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Poznań Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"ceramic vessel"
],
"links": [
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Poznań, Far Masovian) ceramic vessel"
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔˈru.pa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-upa"
},
{
"homophone": "Skorupa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia",
"word": "skarupa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Poznań"
],
"word": "szkarupa"
}
],
"word": "skorupa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skorupa meaning in Polish (4.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Poznań, Far Masovian",
"path": [
"skorupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "skorupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Poznań, Far Masovian",
"path": [
"skorupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "skorupa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.