See crust on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biocrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "breadcrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "continental crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crack a crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cradle crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustache"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustcore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crustquake"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "decrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "earn one's crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gypcrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kissing-crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "milk crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overcrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust collar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pie crust lease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shortcrust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thick-crust pizza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thin-crust pizza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "upper crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "custard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "croustade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crouton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "encrust"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A more solid, dense, or hard layer on a surface or boundary."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-95CDva6A",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "կեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epípagos",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επίπαγος"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "burok"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "koori"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "no",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "sv",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"_dis1": "34 8 7 0 6 11 21 1 4 0 3 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-U8icMcoq",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 3, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "They […] made the crust for the venison pasty.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outer layer composed of pastry"
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-b2IgU9K2",
"links": [
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hacʻi keġew",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "հացի կեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʻoruk",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "չորուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "qazmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "麵包皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "miànbāo pí",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "面包皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůrka"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "koorik"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "crust piece",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codela"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóra",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κόρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kenyérhéj"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pan no mimi",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "パンの耳"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kiri parāoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côdea"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crustă"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafaršit"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 18 32 0 11 14 13 0 3 0 1 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "skorinke",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סקאָרינקע"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 77 0 1 6 5 1 1 0 0 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 39 0 3 18 16 1 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 39 0 3 18 16 1 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pancirʹ",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "панцирь"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 39 0 3 18 16 1 2 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "páncyr",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́нцир"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 39 0 3 18 16 1 2 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čerepáška",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "черепа́шка"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bread-like base of a pizza."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-8l6WPxe2",
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"pizza",
"pizza"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比薩外皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsà wàipí",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比萨外皮"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pizzapohja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "piza kurasuto",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "ピザクラスト"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pija keureoseuteu",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "피자 크러스트"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóročka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рочка"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 16 2 33 15 2 3 1 9 0 1 14",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 1 12 5 18 2 17 1 13 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 2 0 17 8 16 1 17 0 16 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 13 1 13 16 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 13 4 18 2 18 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 16 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 4 19 2 17 1 15 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-arIMCK1E",
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"Canada",
"Ireland",
"New-Zealand",
"Northern-US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:",
"text": "The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-2U~w~Am3",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"lithosphere",
"lithosphere"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 2 0 16 7 22 1 12 0 16 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 1 13 4 31 2 14 1 14 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 2 1 15 5 23 1 12 1 11 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 1 0 16 5 25 1 12 0 12 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 5 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 14 5 21 2 16 1 16 10 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 1 12 5 18 2 17 1 13 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 3 1 12 6 28 3 10 1 10 11 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 14 5 22 2 17 1 17 10 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 4 22 2 15 1 15 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 3 1 12 6 28 3 10 1 10 12 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 2 1 12 6 29 2 11 1 11 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 5 1 13 10 21 3 9 1 8 9 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 5 24 2 16 1 15 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 5 1 13 8 18 1 12 1 11 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 5 31 2 12 1 11 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 5 24 2 14 1 13 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 6 26 2 12 1 12 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 5 29 2 13 1 13 10 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 6 26 2 12 1 12 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 2 1 15 5 23 2 15 1 15 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 21 2 13 1 13 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 2 1 13 7 20 1 16 1 15 12 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 4 1 12 5 21 2 13 1 13 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 1 0 16 5 24 1 15 0 14 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 20 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 2 0 17 8 16 1 17 0 16 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 1 0 13 4 31 1 15 0 15 10 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 13 1 13 16 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 13 4 18 2 18 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 16 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 6 2 1 13 5 29 2 13 1 13 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 14 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 8 2 1 14 6 25 2 11 1 11 13 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 4 23 2 15 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 2 1 13 6 26 2 12 1 12 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tarifit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 12 5 21 2 13 1 13 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 4 19 2 17 1 15 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-ypcr84ry",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"terrestrial planet",
"terrestrial planet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-tLNwobwl",
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 1 12 5 18 2 17 1 13 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 2 0 17 8 16 1 17 0 16 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 13 1 13 16 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 13 4 18 2 18 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 16 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 4 19 2 17 1 15 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to earn one's crust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 1:",
"text": "Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A living."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-lFDkFL98",
"links": [
[
"living",
"living"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, informal) A living."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daily bread"
},
{
"word": "income"
},
{
"word": "livelihood"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nerve, gall."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-V5sIavtc",
"links": [
[
"Nerve",
"nerve"
],
[
"gall",
"gall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "pokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "otsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "kantti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "muna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 1 12 5 18 2 17 1 13 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 2 0 17 8 16 1 17 0 16 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 13 1 13 16 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 13 4 18 2 18 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 16 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 4 19 2 17 1 15 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 90:",
"text": "“Well, all I can say is that if yer don't take yer dial outer the road I'll bloomin' well take an' bounce a gibber off yer crust.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The head."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-Y~HP1lFs",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, slang, dated) The head."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a subgenre of punk music",
"word": "crust punk"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
"parents": [
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 4 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 15 1 15 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 3 1 12 5 18 2 17 1 13 17 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 20 2 14 1 14 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 14 1 14 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 2 0 17 8 16 1 17 0 16 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 12 5 19 2 13 1 13 16 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 3 1 13 4 18 2 18 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 3 1 13 5 19 2 16 1 15 15 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 2 1 13 4 19 2 17 1 15 15 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"id": "en-crust-en-noun-gs4Hd2cJ",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"crust punk",
"crust punk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 45 0 0 42 0 0 0 12 0 0 0",
"sense": "bread end-piece",
"word": "heel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkrakeġew",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "երկրակեղեւ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殼"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìqiào",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地壳"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "terkrusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūparpaṭī",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "भूपर्पटी"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "köpeny"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "földkéreg"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"alt": "ちかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikaku",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殻"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigak",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "지각"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kirinuku"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ieedkjarscht"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "jordskorpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak ng Duta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 8 14 0 1 32 38 0 1 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crust (third-person singular simple present crusts, present participle crusting, simple past and past participle crusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1662, Robert Boyle, An Account of Freezing:",
"text": "The whole body is crusted over with ice.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics:",
"text": "Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a crust."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-verb-966B57rW",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a crust."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrivam s kora",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "покривам с кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "krustigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorruttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorettaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "tehdä kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "muodostaa kuori"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To form a crust."
],
"id": "en-crust-en-verb-gOdwFK4F",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form a crust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hvaštam kora",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "хващам кора"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krustiĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuortua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuorettua"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "muodostua kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krusteskar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Maltese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biocrust"
},
{
"word": "blackened crust"
},
{
"word": "breadcrust"
},
{
"word": "continental crust"
},
{
"word": "crack a crust"
},
{
"word": "cradle crust"
},
{
"word": "cruft"
},
{
"word": "crustache"
},
{
"word": "crustal"
},
{
"word": "crustation"
},
{
"word": "crustcore"
},
{
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"word": "crustless"
},
{
"word": "crustlike"
},
{
"word": "crustquake"
},
{
"word": "decrust"
},
{
"word": "earn one's crust"
},
{
"word": "gypcrust"
},
{
"word": "kissing-crust"
},
{
"word": "milk crust"
},
{
"word": "overcrust"
},
{
"word": "pie crust"
},
{
"word": "pie crust collar"
},
{
"word": "pie crust lease"
},
{
"word": "shortcrust"
},
{
"word": "thick-crust pizza"
},
{
"word": "thin-crust pizza"
},
{
"word": "upper crust"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "custard"
},
{
"word": "croustade"
},
{
"word": "crouton"
},
{
"word": "crusted"
},
{
"word": "crusty"
},
{
"word": "encrust"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A more solid, dense, or hard layer on a surface or boundary."
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"boundary",
"boundary"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fifth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 3, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "They […] made the crust for the venison pasty.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outer layer composed of pastry"
],
"links": [
[
"pastry",
"pastry"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The bread-like base of a pizza."
],
"links": [
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"pizza",
"pizza"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"Canadian English",
"Irish English",
"New Zealand English",
"Northern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"links": [
[
"loaf",
"loaf"
],
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"Canada",
"Ireland",
"New-Zealand",
"Northern-US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Chinle Miller, In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks, Kindle edition:",
"text": "The crust (a mere 1% of the Earth's volume) is made of lighter melt products from the mantle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"lithosphere",
"lithosphere"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"outermost",
"outermost"
],
[
"terrestrial planet",
"terrestrial planet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"crab",
"crab"
],
[
"lobster",
"lobster"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to earn one's crust",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Norman Longworth, Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 1:",
"text": "Like most of us, I am frequently asked by friends and people I meet in business situations or round the dinner table what I do to earn my crust.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A living."
],
"links": [
[
"living",
"living"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, Australia, informal) A living."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "daily bread"
},
{
"word": "income"
},
{
"word": "livelihood"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"British",
"countable",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You've got a lot of crust standing there saying that.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVIII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:",
"text": "“Oh?” she said. “So you have decided to revise my guest list for me? You have the nerve, the – the –” I saw she needed helping out. “Audacity,” I said, throwing her the line. “The audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.” It should have been “whom”, but I let it go. “You have the –” “Crust.” “– the immortal rind,” she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, “to tell me whom” – she got it right that time – “I may entertain at Brinkley Court and who” – wrong again – “I may not.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nerve, gall."
],
"links": [
[
"Nerve",
"nerve"
],
[
"gall",
"gall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, informal) Nerve, gall."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, page 90:",
"text": "“Well, all I can say is that if yer don't take yer dial outer the road I'll bloomin' well take an' bounce a gibber off yer crust.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The head."
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia, slang, dated) The head."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK",
"countable",
"dated",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a subgenre of punk music",
"word": "crust punk"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"en:Musical genres"
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"crust punk",
"crust punk#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"countable",
"ellipsis",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "bread end-piece",
"word": "heel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "keġew",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "կեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epípagos",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επίπαγος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "burok"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "koori"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "qoxra"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"code": "no",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kora"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorja"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "crust of snow",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skare"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "any solid, hard surface layer",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hacʻi keġew",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "հացի կեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "čʻoruk",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "չորուկ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coaji"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "qazmaq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "麵包皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "miànbāo pí",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "面包皮"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůrka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "koorik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "crust piece",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codela"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kruste"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "Rinde"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóra",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κόρα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kenyérhéj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kovain"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kannikka"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "pan no mimi",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "パンの耳"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "kiri parāoa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crôte"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rind"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côdea"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crustă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рка"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crusta"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scorcia"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "škóra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "costra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafaršit"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "skorinke",
"sense": "outer layer of bread",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "סקאָרינקע"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "outer layer composed of pastry",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosse"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比薩外皮"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǐsà wàipí",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "比萨外皮"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pohja"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "pizzapohja"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "piza kurasuto",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "ピザクラスト"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pija keureoseuteu",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"word": "피자 크러스트"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skórka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "massa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóročka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рочка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skorýnka",
"sense": "bread foundation of pizza",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скори́нка"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkrakeġew",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "երկրակեղեւ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırtış",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "ҡыртыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kora",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escorça"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìqiào",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地壳"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kůra"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "korst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "terkrusto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croûte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écorce"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "codia"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūparpaṭī",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "भूपर्पटी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "köpeny"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "földkéreg"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "krusto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"alt": "ちかく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chikaku",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "地殻"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jigak",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "지각"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "kirinuku"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorpe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jordskorpe"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ieedkjarscht"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skorupa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corteza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skorpa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "jordskorpa"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"word": "upak ng Duta"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korá",
"sense": "outermost layer of a planet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кора́"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pancirʹ",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "панцирь"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "páncyr",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́нцир"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čerepáška",
"sense": "outer layer of crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "черепа́шка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "pokka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "otsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"word": "kantti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve, gall",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "muna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Maltese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cruste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cruste"
},
"expansion": "Old French cruste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crusta",
"4": "",
"5": "hard outer covering"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krustós",
"4": "",
"5": "hardened"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hroðr",
"3": "",
"4": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hruse",
"3": "",
"4": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Old English hruse (“earth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hrosa",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, ice"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kruvesis",
"3": "",
"4": "frozen mud"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crust (third-person singular simple present crusts, present participle crusting, simple past and past participle crusted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1662, Robert Boyle, An Account of Freezing:",
"text": "The whole body is crusted over with ice.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1711, Henry Felton, Dissertation on Reading the Classics:",
"text": "Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a crust."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a crust."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To form a crust."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To form a crust."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹʌst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crust.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-crust.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokrivam s kora",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "покривам с кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "krustigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorruttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "kuorettaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "tehdä kuori"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cover with a crust",
"word": "muodostaa kuori"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hvaštam kora",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "хващам кора"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "encrostar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krustiĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuortua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "kuorettua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "muodostua kuori"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to form a crust",
"word": "krusteskar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crust"
],
"word": "crust"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crust meaning in All languages combined (35.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.