See livelihood in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "liflode"
},
"expansion": "Middle English liflode",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "līflād",
"4": "",
"5": "course of life, conduct"
},
"expansion": "Old English līflād (“course of life, conduct”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līf",
"3": "lād",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "life",
"t2": "course, journey"
},
"expansion": "līf (“life”) + lād (“course, journey”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English liflode, from Old English līflād (“course of life, conduct”), from līf (“life”) + lād (“course, journey”), later altered under the influence of lively, -hood. Compare life, lode.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "livelihoods",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "livelihood (countable and uncountable, plural livelihoods)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 38 2 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "an independent livelihood; to make / earn / gain a good livelihood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 226:",
"text": "But now when Philtra ſaw my lands decay,\nAnd former liuelod fayle, ſhe left me quight[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, “Sermon 2”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London, page 293:",
"text": "[…] a Man may as easily know where to find one, to teach him to Debauch, Whore, Game, and Blaspheme, as to teach him to Write, or Cast Accompt: ’Tis their Support, and Business; nay, their very Profession, and Livelihood; getting their Living by those Practices, for which they deserve to forfeit their Lives.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1716, Joseph Addison, The Free-Holder, London: D. Midwinter and J. Tonson, No. 42, Monday May 14, p. 245,\nTrade […] employs Multitudes of Hands both by Sea and Land, and furnishes the poorest of our Fellow-Subjects with the Opportunities of gaining an honest Livelihood."
},
{
"ref": "1864 August – 1866 January, [Elizabeth] Gaskell, chapter 1, in Wives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1866, →OCLC:",
"text": "And now he’s dead, and left her a widow, and she is staying here; and we are racking our brains to find out some way of helping her to a livelihood without parting her from her child.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1967, Chaim Potok, chapter 1, in The Chosen, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1982, page 10:",
"text": "[The Orthodox Jewish shopkeepers] could be seen behind their counters, wearing black skullcaps, full beards, and long earlocks, eking out their meager livelihoods and dreaming of Shabbat and festivals when they could close their stores and turn their attention to their prayers, their rabbi, their God.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Matthew Claughton, The Guardian, (letter), 25 April",
"text": "The legal profession believes that client choice is the best way of ensuring standards remain high, because a lawyer's livelihood depends upon their reputation."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income)."
],
"id": "en-livelihood-en-noun-Pw4gQTyQ",
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"necessities",
"necessity"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"income",
"income"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "living"
},
{
"word": "subsistence"
},
{
"word": "sustenance"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maʕīša",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَعِيشَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maʕāš",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَعَاش"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prehrána",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прехра́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepitánie",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препита́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sredstva za preživjávane",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "средства за преживя́ване"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生計"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngjì",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生计"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "飯碗"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànwǎn",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "饭碗"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obživa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "živobytí"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "levensonderhoud"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lívsbreyð"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "útkoma"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lívsuppihald"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livibreyð"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "toimeentulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "elinkeino"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "elanto"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gagne-pain"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subsistance"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lebensunterhalt"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lebensgrundlage"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Auskommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Existenzgrundlage"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "täglich Brot"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erwerbsquelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "andawizns",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "michyá",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מחיה"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "megélhetés"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lifibrauð"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "viðurværi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "penghidupan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slí bheatha"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slí mhaireachtála"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"alt": "せいけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seikei",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生計"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"alt": "生計",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saenggye",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "생계"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parnasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ganansia"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "upajīvanaṁ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ഉപജീവനം"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "jīvitaṁ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ജീവിതം"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "oranga whakangakau"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "bee hinishnáanii"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ealáhus"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "utkomme"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livsopphold"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "utkome"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livsopphald"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Läwensunjahault"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "utrzymanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ganha-pão"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustento"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "srédstva k suščestvovániju",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "сре́дства к существова́нию"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "propitánije",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пропита́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žiznʹ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жизнь"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustento"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "modus vivendi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "modo de vivir"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "medios de subsistencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "försörjning"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebröd"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "kabuhayan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "jīvanōpādhi",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "జీవనోపాధి"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "sinh kế"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 13 1 11",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "parnose",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּרנסה"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 38 2 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts v:[3], folio clix, verso:",
"text": "Then ſayde Peter: Ananias how is it that ſatan hath filled thyne hert\nthatt thou ſhuldeſt lye vnto the holy gooſt\nand kepe awaye parte off the pryce off the lyvelod[…]?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Property which brings in an income; an estate."
],
"id": "en-livelihood-en-noun-gPH7zwsr",
"links": [
[
"Property",
"property"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Property which brings in an income; an estate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 230, column 2:",
"text": "[…] the tiranny of her ſorrowes takes all liuelihood from her cheeke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Liveliness; appearance of life."
],
"id": "en-livelihood-en-noun-MJm6VKUM",
"links": [
[
"Liveliness",
"liveliness"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Liveliness; appearance of life."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 37 1 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 38 2 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 37 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 36 1 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 31 3 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 33 5 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 34 2 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 37 3 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 27 3 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 50",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 36 3 47",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 36 3 49",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "14 27 4 55",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 50",
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"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 27 3 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 3 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 35 2 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 27 2 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ladino translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 35 2 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 8 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 32 3 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 21 0 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 31 1 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 1 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 6 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 27 3 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 35 2 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 34 1 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 34 3 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 3 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 34 4 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 27 3 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 35 3 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “iij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I (in Middle English):",
"text": "wel said Merlyn I knowe a lord of yours in this land that is a passyng true man & a feithful\n& he shal haue the nourysshyng of your child\n& his name is sir Ector\n& he is a lord of fair lyuelode in many partyes in Englond & walys",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The course of someone's life; a person's lifetime, or their manner of living; conduct, behaviour."
],
"id": "en-livelihood-en-noun-hFmAmXvk",
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"lifetime",
"lifetime"
],
[
"conduct",
"conduct"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The course of someone's life; a person's lifetime, or their manner of living; conduct, behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪvlihʊd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-livelihood.oga",
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"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "livelod"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lyuelode [12th–17th c.]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lyvelod [14th–17th c.]"
}
],
"word": "livelihood"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "liflode"
},
"expansion": "Middle English liflode",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "līflād",
"4": "",
"5": "course of life, conduct"
},
"expansion": "Old English līflād (“course of life, conduct”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līf",
"3": "lād",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "life",
"t2": "course, journey"
},
"expansion": "līf (“life”) + lād (“course, journey”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English liflode, from Old English līflād (“course of life, conduct”), from līf (“life”) + lād (“course, journey”), later altered under the influence of lively, -hood. Compare life, lode.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "livelihoods",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "livelihood (countable and uncountable, plural livelihoods)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "an independent livelihood; to make / earn / gain a good livelihood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 226:",
"text": "But now when Philtra ſaw my lands decay,\nAnd former liuelod fayle, ſhe left me quight[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1692–1717, Robert South, “Sermon 2”, in Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London, page 293:",
"text": "[…] a Man may as easily know where to find one, to teach him to Debauch, Whore, Game, and Blaspheme, as to teach him to Write, or Cast Accompt: ’Tis their Support, and Business; nay, their very Profession, and Livelihood; getting their Living by those Practices, for which they deserve to forfeit their Lives.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1716, Joseph Addison, The Free-Holder, London: D. Midwinter and J. Tonson, No. 42, Monday May 14, p. 245,\nTrade […] employs Multitudes of Hands both by Sea and Land, and furnishes the poorest of our Fellow-Subjects with the Opportunities of gaining an honest Livelihood."
},
{
"ref": "1864 August – 1866 January, [Elizabeth] Gaskell, chapter 1, in Wives and Daughters. An Every-day Story. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1866, →OCLC:",
"text": "And now he’s dead, and left her a widow, and she is staying here; and we are racking our brains to find out some way of helping her to a livelihood without parting her from her child.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1967, Chaim Potok, chapter 1, in The Chosen, New York: Fawcett Crest, published 1982, page 10:",
"text": "[The Orthodox Jewish shopkeepers] could be seen behind their counters, wearing black skullcaps, full beards, and long earlocks, eking out their meager livelihoods and dreaming of Shabbat and festivals when they could close their stores and turn their attention to their prayers, their rabbi, their God.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Matthew Claughton, The Guardian, (letter), 25 April",
"text": "The legal profession believes that client choice is the best way of ensuring standards remain high, because a lawyer's livelihood depends upon their reputation."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income)."
],
"links": [
[
"means",
"means"
],
[
"necessities",
"necessity"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"income",
"income"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "living"
},
{
"word": "subsistence"
},
{
"word": "sustenance"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts v:[3], folio clix, verso:",
"text": "Then ſayde Peter: Ananias how is it that ſatan hath filled thyne hert\nthatt thou ſhuldeſt lye vnto the holy gooſt\nand kepe awaye parte off the pryce off the lyvelod[…]?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Property which brings in an income; an estate."
],
"links": [
[
"Property",
"property"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Property which brings in an income; an estate."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 230, column 2:",
"text": "[…] the tiranny of her ſorrowes takes all liuelihood from her cheeke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Liveliness; appearance of life."
],
"links": [
[
"Liveliness",
"liveliness"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"life",
"life"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Liveliness; appearance of life."
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “iij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I (in Middle English):",
"text": "wel said Merlyn I knowe a lord of yours in this land that is a passyng true man & a feithful\n& he shal haue the nourysshyng of your child\n& his name is sir Ector\n& he is a lord of fair lyuelode in many partyes in Englond & walys",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The course of someone's life; a person's lifetime, or their manner of living; conduct, behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"lifetime",
"lifetime"
],
[
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"conduct"
],
[
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"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The course of someone's life; a person's lifetime, or their manner of living; conduct, behaviour."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪvlihʊd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-livelihood.oga",
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "livelod"
},
{
"word": "lyuelode [12th–17th c.]"
},
{
"word": "lyvelod [14th–17th c.]"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maʕīša",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَعِيشَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maʕāš",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَعَاش"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prehrána",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прехра́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prepitánie",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "препита́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sredstva za preživjávane",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "средства за преживя́ване"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生計"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shēngjì",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生计"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "飯碗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànwǎn",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "饭碗"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obživa"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "živobytí"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "levensonderhoud"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lívsbreyð"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "útkoma"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lívsuppihald"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livibreyð"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "toimeentulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "elinkeino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "elanto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gagne-pain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subsistance"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lebensunterhalt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lebensgrundlage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Auskommen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Existenzgrundlage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "täglich Brot"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Erwerbsquelle"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "andawizns",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌶𐌽𐍃"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "michyá",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מחיה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "megélhetés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lifibrauð"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "viðurværi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "penghidupan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slí bheatha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slí mhaireachtála"
},
{
"alt": "せいけい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seikei",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "生計"
},
{
"alt": "生計",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "saenggye",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "생계"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "parnasa"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ganansia"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "upajīvanaṁ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ഉപജീവനം"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "jīvitaṁ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ജീവിതം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "oranga whakangakau"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "bee hinishnáanii"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "ealáhus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "utkomme"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livsopphold"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "utkome"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livsopphald"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebrød"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Läwensunjahault"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "utrzymanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ganha-pão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "srédstva k suščestvovániju",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "сре́дства к существова́нию"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "propitánije",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пропита́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žiznʹ",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жизнь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sustento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "modus vivendi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "modo de vivir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "medios de subsistencia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "försörjning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "levebröd"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "kabuhayan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "jīvanōpādhi",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "జీవనోపాధి"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"word": "sinh kế"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "parnose",
"sense": "means of supporting oneself",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּרנסה"
}
],
"word": "livelihood"
}
Download raw JSONL data for livelihood meaning in English (16.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.