See scourge on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for scourge meaning in All languages combined (32.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁eǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "*h₁eǵʰs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₁eǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁eǵʰs",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "*ḱóm",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "*h₃reǵ-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whip"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourge",
"t": "a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourge (“a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "scorge"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman scorge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escorge"
},
"expansion": "escorge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escurge"
},
"expansion": "escurge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "scurge"
},
"expansion": "Old French scurge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escourge"
},
"expansion": "escourge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escorge"
},
"expansion": "escorge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escorgiee"
},
"expansion": "escorgiee",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escurge"
},
"expansion": "escurge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "escourgée",
"t": "(archaic) whip made of leather strips"
},
"expansion": "French escourgée (“(archaic) whip made of leather strips”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*excoriāta",
"t": "strip of hide; a scourge"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excoriāta (“strip of hide; a scourge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "excoriāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "excoriō",
"t": "to strip the skin from, to skin"
},
"expansion": "excoriō (“to strip the skin from, to skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; out’"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corium",
"t": "skin; hide, leather"
},
"expansion": "corium (“skin; hide, leather”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to cut off, sever; to divide, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigia",
"t": "a whip"
},
"expansion": "corrigia (“a whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigō",
"t": "to make right, correct; to reform"
},
"expansion": "corrigō (“to make right, correct; to reform”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-",
"t": "to righten; to straighten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to righten; to straighten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourgen",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourgen (verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuriada"
},
"expansion": "Italian scuriada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuriata"
},
"expansion": "scuriata",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scourge (“a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine”), and then either:\n* from Anglo-Norman scorge, escorge, escurge, or Old French scurge, escourge, escorge, escorgiee, escurge (modern French escourgée (“(archaic) whip made of leather strips”)), either:\n** from Vulgar Latin *excoriāta (“strip of hide; a scourge”), from Late Latin excoriāre, the present active infinitive of excoriō (“to strip the skin from, to skin”), from Latin ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + corium (“skin; hide, leather”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)); or\n** from Latin ex- (intensifying prefix) + corrigia (“a whip”) (from corrigō (“to make right, correct; to reform”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to righten; to straighten”)); or\n* from Middle English scourgen (verb) (see etymology 2).\ncognates\n* Italian scuriada, scuriata",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scourges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scourge (plural scourges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "knout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cat-o'-nine-tails"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cat o' nine tails"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 3 16 4 3 3 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 16 5 3 3 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 3 12 16 9 4 15 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He flogged him with a scourge.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, “The Church and Monastic Black Magic”, in The Black Art, London: Senate, Studio Editions, published 1994, page 99",
"text": "Another strange manifestation of collective mental abnormality, though not directly connected with sorcery, was the Brotherhood of Flagellants. […] These men lashed themselves and each other unmercifully with knotted leather scourges until the blood ran, two or three times daily.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-noun-en:whip",
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Noun"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"leather",
"leather#Noun"
],
[
"multiple",
"multiple#Adjective"
],
[
"tails",
"tail#Noun"
],
[
"lash",
"lash#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaponry, chiefly historical) A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash."
],
"senseid": [
"en:whip"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "سوط"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qamsı",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "ҡамсы"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kamšik",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "камшик"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bič"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "důtky"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karabáč"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svøbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "gesel"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "skurĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "piiska"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "ruoska"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écourgée"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fouet"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "Geißel"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Peitsche"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mastígio",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μαστίγιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mástix",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maglév",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מגלב"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shot",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שוט"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciúirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuriada"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuriata"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "verber"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kámšik",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мшик"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svøpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "açoite"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pletʹ",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плеть"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 1 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gissel"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-noun-XL5mUGq1",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"divine",
"divine#Adjective"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"A person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 95 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment",
"word": "vitsaus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Graffiti is the scourge of building owners everywhere.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-noun-rb7Lrs9m",
"links": [
[
"source",
"source#Noun"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"pain",
"pain#Noun"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#Noun"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel#Adjective"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
],
[
"war",
"war#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "وباء"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "balwā",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "بَلْوَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patuhas",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "պատուհաս"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "bələ",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "бәлә"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "beda",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беда"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bedstvie",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бедствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "metla"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mor"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pohroma"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bič"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zhouba"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svøbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "schrik"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gesel"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kirot"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "maanvaiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "riesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "vitsaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürde"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "Geißel"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Heimsuchung"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Last"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "Plage"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mástiga",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mástix",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "péga",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פגע"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mifgá",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מפגע"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciúirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagello"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestis"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésreḱa",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́среќа"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pómor",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́мор"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svøpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bicz boży"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tormento"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bedá",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bédstvije",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бе́дствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kára",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azote"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gissel"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 3 82",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plåga"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜːd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɜɹd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[skɔɹd͡ʒ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scourge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg/En-us-scourge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "scourge"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "scourged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scourger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "scourging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scourgingly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourgen",
"t": "to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourgen (“to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scourge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "scourge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of verbs"
},
"expansion": "-en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "escorger"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman escorger",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "escorgier",
"t": "to whip, to scourge"
},
"expansion": "Old French escorgier (“to whip, to scourge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "scorge"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman scorge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escorge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "escorge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "scurge"
},
"expansion": "Old French scurge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escourge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "escourge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*excorrigiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excorrigiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigia",
"t": "a whip"
},
"expansion": "corrigia (“a whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "excoriāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scourgen (“to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish”), and then either:\n* from scourge (noun) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs); or\n* from Anglo-Norman escorger, and Old French escorgier (“to whip, to scourge”), which are either:\n** from Anglo-Norman scorge, escorge (noun), etc., or Old French scurge, escourge (noun), etc. + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); or\n** from Vulgar Latin *excorrigiō, from Latin ex- (intensifying prefix) + corrigia (“a whip”); or\n** directly from Late Latin excoriāre.\nSee further at etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scourges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scourging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scourged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scourged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scourge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scourge (third-person singular simple present scourges, present participle scourging, simple past and past participle scourged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"stem": "scourg"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, A[ugustine] D[avid] Crake, “Witness to Jesus”, in The Victor’s Laurel. A Tale of School-life during the Tenth Persecution in Italy, Oxford, Oxfordshire; London: Mowbray & Co., →OCLC, page 112",
"text": "The more thou scourgest me, the deeper thou scourgest my religion into me; there is One Whose Love assuages the pain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike (a person, an animal, etc.) with a scourge (noun sense 1) or whip; to flog, to whip."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-verb-mmnuru61",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike#Verb"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"scourge",
"scourge#Noun"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Noun"
],
[
"flog",
"flog#Verb"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "whip"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To drive, or force (a person, an animal, etc.) to move, with or as if with a scourge or whip."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-verb-drZzbR-N",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive#Verb"
],
[
"force",
"force#Verb"
],
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1553, “The Primer: Or Book of Private Prayer, Needful to be Used of All Christians. […] [Sundry Godly Prayers for Divers Purposes.]”, in Joseph Ketley, editor, The Two Liturgies, A.D. 1549, and A.D. 1552: With Other Documents Set Forth by Authority in the Reign of King Edward VI. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] University Press, published 1844, →OCLC, page 474",
"text": "For a Patient and Thankful Heart in Sickness. Whom thou lovest, O Lord, him dost thou chasten, yea, every son that thou receivest, thou scourgest, and in so doing thou offerest thyself unto him, as a father unto his son. For what son is whom the father chasteneth not?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1840, S[aint] Augustine [i.e., Augustine of Hippo], “The Third Book”, in E[dward] B[ouverie] Pusey, transl., The Confessions of S. Augustine. […] (Library of the Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, […]; I), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, →OCLC, paragraph [III].5, page 31",
"text": "Upon how grievous iniquities consumed I myself, pursuing a sacrilegious curiosity, that having forsaken Thee, it might bring me to the treacherous abyss, and the beguiling service of devils, to whom I sacrific ed my evil actions, and in all these things thou didst scourge me! I dared even, while Thy solemnities were celebrated within the walls of Thy Church, to desire, and to compass a business, deserving death for its fruits, for which Thou scourgedst me with grievous punishments, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1877, Homer, “Book I”, in James A. Martling, transl., The Iliad of Homer. […], St. Louis, Mo.: The R. P. Studley Company, […], →OCLC, page 19, lines 453–454",
"text": "Once thou verily hearkened unto my prayer aforetime, / Honoring me, and severely scourgedst the host of the Grecians!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish (a person, an animal, etc.); to chastise."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-verb-xyb5bZYN",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"chastise",
"chastise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"To punish (a person, an animal, etc.); to chastise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844 April 13, “The Last Days of the Plantagenets. Henry III.—Part II.”, in A[lexander] D. Paterson, editor, The Anglo American, volume 2, number 25, New York, N.Y.: E. L. Garvin & Co., →OCLC, pages 594–595",
"text": "Thou hast, thyself, broken all laws, dissolved every tie; thou bruisest, scourgest, robbest this thy noble kingdom of England, and shall we not have at least the poor liberty to rail.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (someone or something) persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble; to afflict, to torment."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-verb-caOvGdey",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"pain",
"pain#Noun"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#Noun"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"torment",
"torment#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"To cause (someone or something) persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble; to afflict, to torment."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)."
],
"id": "en-scourge-en-verb-IFHplaDc",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"deplete",
"deplete"
],
[
"fertility",
"fertility"
],
[
"land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(Scotland, agriculture) Of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 2 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜːd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɜɹd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[skɔɹd͡ʒ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scourge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg/En-us-scourge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "scourge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃reǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁eǵʰs",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/1 syllable",
"en:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁eǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "*h₁eǵʰs",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₁eǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₁eǵʰs",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "*ḱóm",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ḱóm"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ḱóm",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "*h₃reǵ-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "whip"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourge",
"t": "a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourge (“a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "scorge"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman scorge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escorge"
},
"expansion": "escorge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escurge"
},
"expansion": "escurge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "scurge"
},
"expansion": "Old French scurge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escourge"
},
"expansion": "escourge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escorge"
},
"expansion": "escorge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escorgiee"
},
"expansion": "escorgiee",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escurge"
},
"expansion": "escurge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "escourgée",
"t": "(archaic) whip made of leather strips"
},
"expansion": "French escourgée (“(archaic) whip made of leather strips”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*excoriāta",
"t": "strip of hide; a scourge"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excoriāta (“strip of hide; a scourge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "excoriāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "excoriō",
"t": "to strip the skin from, to skin"
},
"expansion": "excoriō (“to strip the skin from, to skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; out’"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corium",
"t": "skin; hide, leather"
},
"expansion": "corium (“skin; hide, leather”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to cut off, sever; to divide, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigia",
"t": "a whip"
},
"expansion": "corrigia (“a whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigō",
"t": "to make right, correct; to reform"
},
"expansion": "corrigō (“to make right, correct; to reform”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reǵ-",
"t": "to righten; to straighten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to righten; to straighten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourgen",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourgen (verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuriada"
},
"expansion": "Italian scuriada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "scuriata"
},
"expansion": "scuriata",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scourge (“a lash, whip, scourge; affliction, calamity; person who causes affliction or calamity; shoot of a vine”), and then either:\n* from Anglo-Norman scorge, escorge, escurge, or Old French scurge, escourge, escorge, escorgiee, escurge (modern French escourgée (“(archaic) whip made of leather strips”)), either:\n** from Vulgar Latin *excoriāta (“strip of hide; a scourge”), from Late Latin excoriāre, the present active infinitive of excoriō (“to strip the skin from, to skin”), from Latin ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + corium (“skin; hide, leather”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)); or\n** from Latin ex- (intensifying prefix) + corrigia (“a whip”) (from corrigō (“to make right, correct; to reform”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to righten; to straighten”)); or\n* from Middle English scourgen (verb) (see etymology 2).\ncognates\n* Italian scuriada, scuriata",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scourges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scourge (plural scourges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "knout"
},
{
"word": "cat"
},
{
"word": "cat-o'-nine-tails"
},
{
"word": "cat o' nine tails"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He flogged him with a scourge.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, “The Church and Monastic Black Magic”, in The Black Art, London: Senate, Studio Editions, published 1994, page 99",
"text": "Another strange manifestation of collective mental abnormality, though not directly connected with sorcery, was the Brotherhood of Flagellants. […] These men lashed themselves and each other unmercifully with knotted leather scourges until the blood ran, two or three times daily.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash."
],
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Noun"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"leather",
"leather#Noun"
],
[
"multiple",
"multiple#Adjective"
],
[
"tails",
"tail#Noun"
],
[
"lash",
"lash#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaponry, chiefly historical) A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash."
],
"senseid": [
"en:whip"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"divine",
"divine#Adjective"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"A person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Graffiti is the scourge of building owners everywhere.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war."
],
"links": [
[
"source",
"source#Noun"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"pain",
"pain#Noun"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#Noun"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel#Adjective"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
],
[
"war",
"war#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜːd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɜɹd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[skɔɹd͡ʒ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scourge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg/En-us-scourge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "سوط"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qamsı",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "ҡамсы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kamšik",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "камшик"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bič"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "důtky"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karabáč"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svøbe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "gesel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "skurĝo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "piiska"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "ruoska"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "écourgée"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fouet"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"word": "Geißel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Peitsche"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mastígio",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μαστίγιο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mástix",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιξ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maglév",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מגלב"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shot",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שוט"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciúirse"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuriada"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scuriata"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "verber"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kámšik",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мшик"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svøpe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "açoite"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pletʹ",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "плеть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gissel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person or thing regarded as an agent of divine punishment",
"word": "vitsaus"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "وباء"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "balwā",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "بَلْوَى"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patuhas",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "պատուհաս"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "bələ",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "бәлә"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "beda",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беда"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bedstvie",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бедствие"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "metla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mor"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pohroma"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bič"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zhouba"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "svøbe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "schrik"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gesel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kirot"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "maanvaiva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "riesa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "vitsaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bürde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "Geißel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Heimsuchung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Last"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pest"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "Plage"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mástiga",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιγα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mástix",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιξ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "péga",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פגע"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mifgá",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מפגע"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sciúirse"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piaga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagello"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nésreḱa",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́среќа"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pómor",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "по́мор"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svøpe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bicz boży"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tormento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bedá",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "беда́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bédstvije",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бе́дствие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bič",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бич"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kára",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́ра"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "azote"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gissel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "plåga"
}
],
"word": "scourge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/1 syllable",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "scourged"
},
{
"word": "scourger"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "scourging"
},
{
"word": "scourgingly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scourgen",
"t": "to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scourgen (“to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scourge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "scourge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-en",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of verbs"
},
"expansion": "-en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "escorger"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman escorger",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "escorgier",
"t": "to whip, to scourge"
},
"expansion": "Old French escorgier (“to whip, to scourge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "scorge"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman scorge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "escorge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "escorge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "scurge"
},
"expansion": "Old French scurge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "escourge",
"pos": "noun"
},
"expansion": "escourge (noun)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-er",
"pos": "suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs"
},
"expansion": "-er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*excorrigiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *excorrigiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ex-",
"pos": "intensifying prefix"
},
"expansion": "Latin ex- (intensifying prefix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corrigia",
"t": "a whip"
},
"expansion": "corrigia (“a whip”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "excoriāre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English scourgen (“to whip, scourge; to afflict; to punish”), and then either:\n* from scourge (noun) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs); or\n* from Anglo-Norman escorger, and Old French escorgier (“to whip, to scourge”), which are either:\n** from Anglo-Norman scorge, escorge (noun), etc., or Old French scurge, escourge (noun), etc. + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); or\n** from Vulgar Latin *excorrigiō, from Latin ex- (intensifying prefix) + corrigia (“a whip”); or\n** directly from Late Latin excoriāre.\nSee further at etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scourges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scourging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scourged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scourged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scourge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scourge (third-person singular simple present scourges, present participle scourging, simple past and past participle scourged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"stem": "scourg"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, A[ugustine] D[avid] Crake, “Witness to Jesus”, in The Victor’s Laurel. A Tale of School-life during the Tenth Persecution in Italy, Oxford, Oxfordshire; London: Mowbray & Co., →OCLC, page 112",
"text": "The more thou scourgest me, the deeper thou scourgest my religion into me; there is One Whose Love assuages the pain.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike (a person, an animal, etc.) with a scourge (noun sense 1) or whip; to flog, to whip."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike#Verb"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"scourge",
"scourge#Noun"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Noun"
],
[
"flog",
"flog#Verb"
],
[
"whip",
"whip#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "whip"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To drive, or force (a person, an animal, etc.) to move, with or as if with a scourge or whip."
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive#Verb"
],
[
"force",
"force#Verb"
],
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1553, “The Primer: Or Book of Private Prayer, Needful to be Used of All Christians. […] [Sundry Godly Prayers for Divers Purposes.]”, in Joseph Ketley, editor, The Two Liturgies, A.D. 1549, and A.D. 1552: With Other Documents Set Forth by Authority in the Reign of King Edward VI. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] University Press, published 1844, →OCLC, page 474",
"text": "For a Patient and Thankful Heart in Sickness. Whom thou lovest, O Lord, him dost thou chasten, yea, every son that thou receivest, thou scourgest, and in so doing thou offerest thyself unto him, as a father unto his son. For what son is whom the father chasteneth not?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1840, S[aint] Augustine [i.e., Augustine of Hippo], “The Third Book”, in E[dward] B[ouverie] Pusey, transl., The Confessions of S. Augustine. […] (Library of the Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, […]; I), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington, →OCLC, paragraph [III].5, page 31",
"text": "Upon how grievous iniquities consumed I myself, pursuing a sacrilegious curiosity, that having forsaken Thee, it might bring me to the treacherous abyss, and the beguiling service of devils, to whom I sacrific ed my evil actions, and in all these things thou didst scourge me! I dared even, while Thy solemnities were celebrated within the walls of Thy Church, to desire, and to compass a business, deserving death for its fruits, for which Thou scourgedst me with grievous punishments, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1877, Homer, “Book I”, in James A. Martling, transl., The Iliad of Homer. […], St. Louis, Mo.: The R. P. Studley Company, […], →OCLC, page 19, lines 453–454",
"text": "Once thou verily hearkened unto my prayer aforetime, / Honoring me, and severely scourgedst the host of the Grecians!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish (a person, an animal, etc.); to chastise."
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"chastise",
"chastise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"To punish (a person, an animal, etc.); to chastise."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844 April 13, “The Last Days of the Plantagenets. Henry III.—Part II.”, in A[lexander] D. Paterson, editor, The Anglo American, volume 2, number 25, New York, N.Y.: E. L. Garvin & Co., →OCLC, pages 594–595",
"text": "Thou hast, thyself, broken all laws, dissolved every tie; thou bruisest, scourgest, robbest this thy noble kingdom of England, and shall we not have at least the poor liberty to rail.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (someone or something) persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble; to afflict, to torment."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"persistent",
"persistent"
],
[
"widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"pain",
"pain#Noun"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering#Noun"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Noun"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"torment",
"torment#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"To cause (someone or something) persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble; to afflict, to torment."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"crop",
"crop#Noun"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"deplete",
"deplete"
],
[
"fertility",
"fertility"
],
[
"land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(Scotland, agriculture) Of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜːd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɜɹd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[skɔɹd͡ʒ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-scourge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg/En-us-scourge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/En-us-scourge.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a crop or a farmer: to deplete the fertility of (land or soil)",
"word": "köyhdyttää"
}
],
"word": "scourge"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.