See gesel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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Cognate with German Geißel.", "forms": [ { "form": "gesels", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "geselen", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "-s", "3": "-", "pl2": "-@en" }, "expansion": "gesel m (plural gesels or geselen)", "name": "nl-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "ge‧sel" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "scourge (a whip often of leather)" ], "id": "en-gesel-nl-noun-lxzozuJg", "links": [ [ "scourge", "scourge" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈɣeːsəl/" }, { "audio": "Nl-gesel.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg/Nl-gesel.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "nl:gesel" ], "word": "gesel" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gmw-pro", "inh": "1" }, "expansion": "", "name": "dercat" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "gessle" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch gessle", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "odt", "3": "*gēsl(a)" }, "expansion": "Old Dutch *gēsl(a)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*gaisilaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Geißel" }, "expansion": "German Geißel", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch gessle, ghesele. The atypical -s-, rather than -z-, points at Old Dutch *gēsl(a), where the -s- was directly followed by the -l-, instead of by a vowel, blocking the s → z sound change, from Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz, from *gaizaz (“spear”) + *-ilaz (suffix deriving names of tools). The loss of the middle syllable was a common change among the Germanic languages, and can also be seen in *karilaz → *karlaz (whence Charles). Cognate with German Geißel.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "gesel", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "ge‧sel" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "5 45 45 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 46 46 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 48 48 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "first-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-gesel-nl-verb-hCu9FOYV", "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "5 45 45 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 46 46 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 48 48 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "second-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-gesel-nl-verb-1D-UGmcG", "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative" ], "raw_tags": [ "in case of inversion" ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "imperative" ], "id": "en-gesel-nl-verb-eRkSphn8", "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈɣeːsəl/" }, { "audio": "Nl-gesel.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg/Nl-gesel.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "nl:gesel" ], "word": "gesel" }
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The atypical -s-, rather than -z-, points at Old Dutch *gēsl(a), where the -s- was directly followed by the -l-, instead of by a vowel, blocking the s → z sound change, from Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz, from *gaizaz (“spear”) + *-ilaz (suffix deriving names of tools). The loss of the middle syllable was a common change among the Germanic languages, and can also be seen in *karilaz → *karlaz (whence Charles). 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The atypical -s-, rather than -z-, points at Old Dutch *gēsl(a), where the -s- was directly followed by the -l-, instead of by a vowel, blocking the s → z sound change, from Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz, from *gaizaz (“spear”) + *-ilaz (suffix deriving names of tools). The loss of the middle syllable was a common change among the Germanic languages, and can also be seen in *karilaz → *karlaz (whence Charles). Cognate with German Geißel.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "gesel", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "ge‧sel" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "first-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "second-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative" ], "raw_tags": [ "in case of inversion" ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "geselen" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of geselen:", "imperative" ], "links": [ [ "geselen", "geselen#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈɣeːsəl/" }, { "audio": "Nl-gesel.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg/Nl-gesel.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nl-gesel.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "nl:gesel" ], "word": "gesel" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.