See rabble on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rabble meaning in All languages combined (21.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rablen",
"4": "",
"5": "to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rablen (“to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rabbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk; chatter; trifle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rabbelen (“to talk; chatter; trifle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rabbeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German rabbeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "robbeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter; prattle"
},
"expansion": "robbeln (“to chatter; prattle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested since 1300s, from Middle English rablen (“to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner”), cognate with Middle Dutch rabbelen (“to talk; chatter; trifle”), Low German rabbeln, robbeln (“to chatter; prattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (third-person singular simple present rabbles, present participle rabbling, simple past and past participle rabbled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 28 9 1 5 20 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 10 1 6 18 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 18 2 6 16 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak in a confused manner; talk incoherently; utter nonsense"
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-verb-BhpZFX-w",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"confused",
"confused"
],
[
"incoherently",
"incoherently"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To speak in a confused manner; talk incoherently; utter nonsense"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 28 9 1 5 20 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 10 1 6 18 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 18 2 6 16 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To speak confusedly or incoherently; gabble or chatter out"
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-verb-VJRjxkkz",
"links": [
[
"gabble",
"gabble"
],
[
"chatter",
"chatter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To speak confusedly or incoherently; gabble or chatter out"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ravel"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rabble rouser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rabblesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ribble-rabble"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rabel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rabel",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rabel, probably from the verb (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (plural rabbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A bewildered or meaningless string of words."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-noun-gjf0nkNe",
"links": [
[
"bewildered",
"bewildered"
],
[
"meaningless",
"meaningless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bewildered or meaningless string of words."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 28 9 1 5 20 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 10 1 6 18 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 18 2 6 16 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pack of animals; or any confused collection of things."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-noun-G~aXlOz7",
"links": [
[
"pack",
"pack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A pack of animals; or any confused collection of things."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 24 10 1 6 18 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 18 2 6 16 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mob; a disorderly crowd."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-noun-OhlDSMQV",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎlpa",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тълпа"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "väkijoukko"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "ihmisjoukko"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cohue"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foule"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "óchlos",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "όχλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skylolói",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκυλολόι"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "tömeg"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"alt": "うごうのしゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ugō no shū",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "烏合の衆"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzou muzou",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "有象無象"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "gĩcanjama"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaujà"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hołota"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motłoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hałastra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpá",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "толпа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "býdlo",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бы́дло"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 93 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turba"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 85 0 0 13 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-noun-n6FZwcSo",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"populace",
"populace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"word": "commonalty"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostoljudie",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "простолюдие"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "rahvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "fr",
"english": "the commoners",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "populace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xentalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xente bafúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pöbel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alitaría",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αληταρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "súrphax",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σύρφαξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "surphetós",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "συρφετός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "csőcselék"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "csürhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "söpredék"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "raskalaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentaglia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tteolgeoji",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "떨거지"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "popellus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pãdugnės"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "raja",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раја"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "męty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentalha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ralé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "býdlo",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бы́дло n толпа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródʹje",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "простонаро́дье"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentuza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentualla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patulea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentecilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populacho"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pöbel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roable"
},
"expansion": "Old French roable",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "râble"
},
"expansion": "râble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rutabulum",
"4": "",
"5": "a poker"
},
"expansion": "Latin rutabulum (“a poker”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old French roable (modern French râble), from Latin rutabulum (“a poker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (plural rabbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An iron bar used in puddling."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-noun-eTDaemNK",
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"puddling",
"puddling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roable"
},
"expansion": "Old French roable",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "râble"
},
"expansion": "râble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rutabulum",
"4": "",
"5": "a poker"
},
"expansion": "Latin rutabulum (“a poker”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old French roable (modern French râble), from Latin rutabulum (“a poker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (third-person singular simple present rabbles, present participle rabbling, simple past and past participle rabbled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 28 9 1 5 20 24 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 10 1 6 18 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 18 2 6 16 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 17 16 2 15 17 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rabbler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stir with a rabble."
],
"id": "en-rabble-en-verb-B87sOA~l",
"links": [
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stir with a rabble."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English collective nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rablen",
"4": "",
"5": "to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rablen (“to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rabbelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to talk; chatter; trifle"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rabbelen (“to talk; chatter; trifle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "rabbeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German rabbeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "robbeln",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter; prattle"
},
"expansion": "robbeln (“to chatter; prattle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested since 1300s, from Middle English rablen (“to ramble; rave; speak in a confused manner”), cognate with Middle Dutch rabbelen (“to talk; chatter; trifle”), Low German rabbeln, robbeln (“to chatter; prattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (third-person singular simple present rabbles, present participle rabbling, simple past and past participle rabbled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To speak in a confused manner; talk incoherently; utter nonsense"
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"confused",
"confused"
],
[
"incoherently",
"incoherently"
],
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To speak in a confused manner; talk incoherently; utter nonsense"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To speak confusedly or incoherently; gabble or chatter out"
],
"links": [
[
"gabble",
"gabble"
],
[
"chatter",
"chatter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To speak confusedly or incoherently; gabble or chatter out"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ravel"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English collective nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rabble rouser"
},
{
"word": "rabblesome"
},
{
"word": "ribble-rabble"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rabel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rabel",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rabel, probably from the verb (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (plural rabbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A bewildered or meaningless string of words."
],
"links": [
[
"bewildered",
"bewildered"
],
[
"meaningless",
"meaningless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A bewildered or meaningless string of words."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pack of animals; or any confused collection of things."
],
"links": [
[
"pack",
"pack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A pack of animals; or any confused collection of things."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A mob; a disorderly crowd."
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"populace",
"populace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"word": "commonalty"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎlpa",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тълпа"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "väkijoukko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "ihmisjoukko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cohue"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foule"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "óchlos",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "όχλος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skylolói",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκυλολόι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "tömeg"
},
{
"alt": "うごうのしゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ugō no shū",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "烏合の衆"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uzou muzou",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"word": "有象無象"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "gĩcanjama"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaujà"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hołota"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "motłoch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hałastra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpá",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "толпа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "býdlo",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бы́дло"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "turba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prostoljudie",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "простолюдие"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentalla"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentola"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "rahvas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "the commoners",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "populace"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "racaille"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plèbe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xentalla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "xente bafúa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pöbel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alitaría",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αληταρία"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "súrphax",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σύρφαξ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "surphetós",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "συρφετός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "csőcselék"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "csürhe"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "söpredék"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "raskalaro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentaglia"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tteolgeoji",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "떨거지"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "popellus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pãdugnės"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "raja",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "раја"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "męty"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentalha"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ralé"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbrod",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сброд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "černʹ",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чернь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "býdlo",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бы́дло n толпа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostonaródʹje",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "простонаро́дье"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentuza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentualla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gleba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patulea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gentecilla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "populacho"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plebe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the mass of common people; the lowest class of people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pöbel"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English collective nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roable"
},
"expansion": "Old French roable",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "râble"
},
"expansion": "râble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rutabulum",
"4": "",
"5": "a poker"
},
"expansion": "Latin rutabulum (“a poker”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old French roable (modern French râble), from Latin rutabulum (“a poker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (plural rabbles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An iron bar used in puddling."
],
"links": [
[
"iron",
"iron"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"puddling",
"puddling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English collective nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl",
"Rhymes:English/æbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rabbler"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "roable"
},
"expansion": "Old French roable",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "râble"
},
"expansion": "râble",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rutabulum",
"4": "",
"5": "a poker"
},
"expansion": "Latin rutabulum (“a poker”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Old French roable (modern French râble), from Latin rutabulum (“a poker”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rabbles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rabbled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rabble (third-person singular simple present rabbles, present participle rabbling, simple past and past participle rabbled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To stir with a rabble."
],
"links": [
[
"stir",
"stir"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stir with a rabble."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æbəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rabble.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg/En-us-rabble.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-rabble.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "rabble"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": tolpá vs. býdlo",
"path": [
"rabble"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rabble",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.