See tôi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tôi meaning in Vietnamese (19.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bầy tôi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bề tôi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tôi con"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tôi đòi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tôi mọi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tôi ngươi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tôi tớ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vua tôi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*sool",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "xoul",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh xoul (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "thôl",
"pos": "a humble first-person pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "tui",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nó"
},
"expansion": "nó",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hắn"
},
"expansion": "hắn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tớ"
},
"expansion": "tớ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "僕",
"tr": "boku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 僕 (boku)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "奴",
"tr": "nú"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 奴 (nú)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ខ្ញុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ข้า"
},
"expansion": "Thai ข้า (kâa)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຂ້ອຍ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျွန်မ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "hamba"
},
"expansion": "Malay hamba",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”) (whence Pacoh xoul (“slave”)). Cognate with Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun). See also Central-Southern form tui.\n“Slave; servant” > “I”.\nThe development of first-person pronoun from humble nouns such as “slave; servant” is a pan-Sprachbund phenomenon in the Southeast and East Asian region. Per Nguyen (2000), the pronominal use of this word was not attested in poems by Nguyễn Trãi and Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm in the 15ᵗʰ–16ᵗʰ centuries, and was postulated to have appeared at the end of the 16ᵗʰ or the beginning of the 17ᵗʰ century. Its introduction as a humble first-person pronoun posed as a disturbance to the preexisting tao–mày system: it resulted in an asymmetry with an empty second-person addressee slot corresponding to the humble tôi (see the table below), and led to the use of an appropriate noun, usually a kinship term or status term, to respectfully address the other party, precipitating the now-widespread use of kinship terms as personal pronouns in Vietnamese.\n:\nFor similar grammaticalizations of pronouns, compare tớ, and in other languages, compare:\n: Japanese 僕 (boku), Mandarin 奴 (nú), Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom), Thai ข้า (kâa), Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.), Malay hamba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "碎",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪝬",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫇈",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫬮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 3 10 10 21 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 14 14 10 12 5 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese first person pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 14 13 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 4 11 13 21 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 5 15 14 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Men and women want to own many servants,To show off their wealth and lifestyle.",
"ref": "14th century, Mạc Đĩnh Chi, Giáo tử phú 敎子賦",
"roman": "Khoe ăn khoe mặc.",
"text": "𱙎妸挼碎\n誇咹誇黙\nAnh ả nuôi tôi,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slave; domestic servant"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-noun-s8QEpRl~",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
],
[
"domestic servant",
"domestic servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) slave; domestic servant"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a good relationship between a king and his servants",
"text": "nghĩa vua tôi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a loyal servant",
"text": "tôi trung",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of Truyền kỳ mạn lục (\"Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales\") by Nguyễn Dữ.\n碎庭臣𪢍𤽗立言蒸𣦛\nTôi đình thần ghét ngươi Lập Ngôn chưng thẳng.\nThe royal court servants/the mandarins at the royal court hated the honest Lập Ngôn.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "What's a servant? A servant serves his monarch (the monarch and his vassals), or is the monarch's slave, or the monarch's workhorse. He brings himself to the battlefront in exchange for a golden certificate, a red stamp; he fights against the elements in exchange for some bland liquor, some praise. In short, the servant is subservient, he's already sold out his soul and his body to the monarch.",
"ref": "Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]",
"text": "Tôi là gì? Tôi là người tùng phục vua (vua chư hầu) hoặc là người làm nô lệ cho vua, hoặc là người làm công cho vua. Đem mình ra đầu tên mũi đạn đổi lấy một mảnh giấy vàng, một dấu ấn đỏ; đang đầu ra giữa trận mưa dầu nắng lửa để đổi lấy chung rượu lạt, tiếng ban khen. Nói tóm lại, tôi là người tôi mọi, đã bán rẻ vừa hồn lẫn xác cho vua vậy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant of a monarch"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-noun-gNfNMu8s",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) servant of a monarch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tớ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm",
"Nguyễn Trãi"
],
"word": "tôi"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "anh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bà"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bác"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "bạn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cậu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cháu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chị"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chú"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "con"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cố"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cụ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dì"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dượng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "em"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "mày"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ngài"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ông"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quý khách"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quý vị"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sơ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thím"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chúng tôi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*sool",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "xoul",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh xoul (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "thôl",
"pos": "a humble first-person pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "tui",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nó"
},
"expansion": "nó",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hắn"
},
"expansion": "hắn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tớ"
},
"expansion": "tớ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "僕",
"tr": "boku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 僕 (boku)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "奴",
"tr": "nú"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 奴 (nú)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ខ្ញុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ข้า"
},
"expansion": "Thai ข้า (kâa)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຂ້ອຍ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျွန်မ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "hamba"
},
"expansion": "Malay hamba",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”) (whence Pacoh xoul (“slave”)). Cognate with Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun). See also Central-Southern form tui.\n“Slave; servant” > “I”.\nThe development of first-person pronoun from humble nouns such as “slave; servant” is a pan-Sprachbund phenomenon in the Southeast and East Asian region. Per Nguyen (2000), the pronominal use of this word was not attested in poems by Nguyễn Trãi and Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm in the 15ᵗʰ–16ᵗʰ centuries, and was postulated to have appeared at the end of the 16ᵗʰ or the beginning of the 17ᵗʰ century. Its introduction as a humble first-person pronoun posed as a disturbance to the preexisting tao–mày system: it resulted in an asymmetry with an empty second-person addressee slot corresponding to the humble tôi (see the table below), and led to the use of an appropriate noun, usually a kinship term or status term, to respectfully address the other party, precipitating the now-widespread use of kinship terms as personal pronouns in Vietnamese.\n:\nFor similar grammaticalizations of pronouns, compare tớ, and in other languages, compare:\n: Japanese 僕 (boku), Mandarin 奴 (nú), Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom), Thai ข้า (kâa), Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.), Malay hamba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "碎",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "倅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": "碎, 倅"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 倅)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "碎, 倅"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 倅)",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Please, I can't compare to you, really.",
"text": "Không dám. Tôi sao sánh bằng chú được.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used by someone with status equal or higher than his or her conversational partner, but doesn't want to sound too intimate to them)"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-pron-RXL~IrUZ",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"status",
"status"
],
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"higher",
"higher"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
],
"qualifier": "typically men's speech",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, informal, typically men's speech) I/me (used by someone with status equal or higher than his or her conversational partner, but doesn't want to sound too intimate to them)"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"informal"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ông"
},
{
"word": "bà"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hey, can you lend me a sheet of paper?",
"text": "Bà ơi, cho tôi xin tờ giấy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Aren't you a funny one? How the hell should I know?",
"text": "Cái bà này lạ ! Làm sao tôi biết được !",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used when talking to one's friends)"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-pron-~FgNS19R",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, informal, familiar) I/me (used when talking to one's friends)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tui"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"familiar",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you and I/me",
"text": "bạn và tôi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joe Ruelle, Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way], page 234",
"text": "Ý tôi không phải “phương Đông – phương Tây” là cách phân chia văn hoá vô tác dụng.\nI do not mean that the “Eastern – Western” categorization of cultures is invalid.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-pron-JOZ1k0DR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in all dialects"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "em"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I loved you, without words, without hope,\nSometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy,\nI loved you, truly and deeply,\nI pray you'll find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Alexander Pushkin, “Tôi yêu em [I Loved You]”, in Hoàng Thúy Toàn, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name), translation of Я вас любил",
"roman": "Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.",
"text": "Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng,\nLúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen,\nTôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "And by the power of one word\nI start my life over\nI was born to know you\nTo say your name\nLiberty.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Paul Éluard, “Tự do [Liberty]”, in Phùng Văn Tửu, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name), translation of Liberté",
"roman": "TỰ DO.",
"text": "Và bằng phép màu một tiếng\nTôi bắt đầu lại cuộc đời\nTôi sinh ra để biết tên em\nĐể gọi tên em",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "If I can't find you, this puny life without you would be completely meaningless.\nLike the moon above, looking for love by itself all night long!\nIf I can't find you, I wish to be found in a certain someone's arms in a dream.\nIt's you, my love! I'm looking for something all for your true love!",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Lương Bằng Quang (lyrics and music), “Chính em [It's You]”",
"roman": "Chính em, em ơi ! Tìm gì vì tình yêu của em chân thành !",
"text": "Nếu tôi không tìm thấy, cuộc đời này nhỏ nhoi vắng em thật vô nghĩa.\nSẽ như trăng kia, một mình tìm tình yêu bay suốt đêm thâu !\nNếu tôi không tìm thấy, nguyện cầu được tìm trong giấc mơ vòng tay ai.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used by a man to a woman he loves)"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-pron-c-JLH1dS",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"qualifier": "men's speech",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, endearing, men's speech) I/me (used by a man to a woman he loves)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anh"
}
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tui"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"familiar"
],
"word": "min"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "only by a male",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "qua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "only by a housewife",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "thiếp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "only by a monarch",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "trẫm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "anh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bà"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bác"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cậu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cháu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chị"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chú"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "con"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cố"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cụ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dì"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dượng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "em"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mình"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ông"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sơ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tao"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thím"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tớ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm",
"Nguyễn Trãi"
],
"word": "tôi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thối"
},
"expansion": "thối",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "焠//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">thối</i>",
"t": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 焠 (SV: thối)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "焠",
"2": "",
"3": "thối",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𤏣",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𤏣"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (𤏣)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𤏣"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (𤏣)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tôi luyện"
},
{
"word": "tôi rèn"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How the Steel Was Tempered",
"text": "Thép đã tôi thế đấy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to temper; to anneal"
],
"id": "en-tôi-vi-verb-R8IVIZR8",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper#Verb"
],
[
"anneal",
"anneal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "tôi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese first person pronouns",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese personal pronouns",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bầy tôi"
},
{
"word": "bề tôi"
},
{
"word": "tôi con"
},
{
"word": "tôi đòi"
},
{
"word": "tôi mọi"
},
{
"word": "tôi ngươi"
},
{
"word": "tôi tớ"
},
{
"word": "vua tôi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*sool",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "xoul",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh xoul (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "thôl",
"pos": "a humble first-person pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "tui",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nó"
},
"expansion": "nó",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hắn"
},
"expansion": "hắn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tớ"
},
"expansion": "tớ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "僕",
"tr": "boku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 僕 (boku)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "奴",
"tr": "nú"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 奴 (nú)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ខ្ញុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ข้า"
},
"expansion": "Thai ข้า (kâa)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຂ້ອຍ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျွန်မ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "hamba"
},
"expansion": "Malay hamba",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”) (whence Pacoh xoul (“slave”)). Cognate with Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun). See also Central-Southern form tui.\n“Slave; servant” > “I”.\nThe development of first-person pronoun from humble nouns such as “slave; servant” is a pan-Sprachbund phenomenon in the Southeast and East Asian region. Per Nguyen (2000), the pronominal use of this word was not attested in poems by Nguyễn Trãi and Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm in the 15ᵗʰ–16ᵗʰ centuries, and was postulated to have appeared at the end of the 16ᵗʰ or the beginning of the 17ᵗʰ century. Its introduction as a humble first-person pronoun posed as a disturbance to the preexisting tao–mày system: it resulted in an asymmetry with an empty second-person addressee slot corresponding to the humble tôi (see the table below), and led to the use of an appropriate noun, usually a kinship term or status term, to respectfully address the other party, precipitating the now-widespread use of kinship terms as personal pronouns in Vietnamese.\n:\nFor similar grammaticalizations of pronouns, compare tớ, and in other languages, compare:\n: Japanese 僕 (boku), Mandarin 奴 (nú), Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom), Thai ข้า (kâa), Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.), Malay hamba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "碎",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪝬",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫇈",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫬮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 𪝬, 𫇈, 𫬮)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses",
"Vietnamese terms with historical senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Men and women want to own many servants,To show off their wealth and lifestyle.",
"ref": "14th century, Mạc Đĩnh Chi, Giáo tử phú 敎子賦",
"roman": "Khoe ăn khoe mặc.",
"text": "𱙎妸挼碎\n誇咹誇黙\nAnh ả nuôi tôi,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slave; domestic servant"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
],
[
"domestic servant",
"domestic servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) slave; domestic servant"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a good relationship between a king and his servants",
"text": "nghĩa vua tôi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a loyal servant",
"text": "tôi trung",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of Truyền kỳ mạn lục (\"Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales\") by Nguyễn Dữ.\n碎庭臣𪢍𤽗立言蒸𣦛\nTôi đình thần ghét ngươi Lập Ngôn chưng thẳng.\nThe royal court servants/the mandarins at the royal court hated the honest Lập Ngôn.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "What's a servant? A servant serves his monarch (the monarch and his vassals), or is the monarch's slave, or the monarch's workhorse. He brings himself to the battlefront in exchange for a golden certificate, a red stamp; he fights against the elements in exchange for some bland liquor, some praise. In short, the servant is subservient, he's already sold out his soul and his body to the monarch.",
"ref": "Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]",
"text": "Tôi là gì? Tôi là người tùng phục vua (vua chư hầu) hoặc là người làm nô lệ cho vua, hoặc là người làm công cho vua. Đem mình ra đầu tên mũi đạn đổi lấy một mảnh giấy vàng, một dấu ấn đỏ; đang đầu ra giữa trận mưa dầu nắng lửa để đổi lấy chung rượu lạt, tiếng ban khen. Nói tóm lại, tôi là người tôi mọi, đã bán rẻ vừa hồn lẫn xác cho vua vậy.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant of a monarch"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) servant of a monarch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tớ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm",
"Nguyễn Trãi"
],
"word": "tôi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese first person pronouns",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese personal pronouns",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "anh"
},
{
"word": "bà"
},
{
"word": "bác"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "bạn"
},
{
"word": "cậu"
},
{
"word": "cha"
},
{
"word": "cháu"
},
{
"word": "chị"
},
{
"word": "chú"
},
{
"word": "con"
},
{
"word": "cô"
},
{
"word": "cố"
},
{
"word": "cụ"
},
{
"word": "dì"
},
{
"word": "dượng"
},
{
"word": "em"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "mày"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "ngài"
},
{
"word": "ông"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quý khách"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quý vị"
},
{
"word": "sơ"
},
{
"word": "thím"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chúng tôi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*sool",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "xoul",
"3": "",
"4": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh xoul (“slave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "thôl",
"pos": "a humble first-person pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tui"
},
"expansion": "tui",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tao"
},
"expansion": "tao",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mày"
},
"expansion": "mày",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nó"
},
"expansion": "nó",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "hắn"
},
"expansion": "hắn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tôi"
},
"expansion": "tôi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tớ"
},
"expansion": "tớ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "僕",
"tr": "boku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 僕 (boku)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "奴",
"tr": "nú"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 奴 (nú)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ខ្ញុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ข้า"
},
"expansion": "Thai ข้า (kâa)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຂ້ອຍ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကျွန်မ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "hamba"
},
"expansion": "Malay hamba",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Katuic *sool (“slave”) (whence Pacoh xoul (“slave”)). Cognate with Muong thôl (a humble first-person pronoun). See also Central-Southern form tui.\n“Slave; servant” > “I”.\nThe development of first-person pronoun from humble nouns such as “slave; servant” is a pan-Sprachbund phenomenon in the Southeast and East Asian region. Per Nguyen (2000), the pronominal use of this word was not attested in poems by Nguyễn Trãi and Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm in the 15ᵗʰ–16ᵗʰ centuries, and was postulated to have appeared at the end of the 16ᵗʰ or the beginning of the 17ᵗʰ century. Its introduction as a humble first-person pronoun posed as a disturbance to the preexisting tao–mày system: it resulted in an asymmetry with an empty second-person addressee slot corresponding to the humble tôi (see the table below), and led to the use of an appropriate noun, usually a kinship term or status term, to respectfully address the other party, precipitating the now-widespread use of kinship terms as personal pronouns in Vietnamese.\n:\nFor similar grammaticalizations of pronouns, compare tớ, and in other languages, compare:\n: Japanese 僕 (boku), Mandarin 奴 (nú), Khmer ខ្ញុំ (khñom), Thai ข้า (kâa), Lao ຂ້ອຍ (khǭi), Burmese ကျွန်မ (kywanma.), Malay hamba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "碎",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "倅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": "碎, 倅"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 倅)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "碎, 倅"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (碎, 倅)",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese informal terms",
"Vietnamese men's speech terms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Please, I can't compare to you, really.",
"text": "Không dám. Tôi sao sánh bằng chú được.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used by someone with status equal or higher than his or her conversational partner, but doesn't want to sound too intimate to them)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"status",
"status"
],
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"higher",
"higher"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
],
"qualifier": "typically men's speech",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, informal, typically men's speech) I/me (used by someone with status equal or higher than his or her conversational partner, but doesn't want to sound too intimate to them)"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"informal"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ông"
},
{
"word": "bà"
}
],
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese familiar terms",
"Vietnamese informal terms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hey, can you lend me a sheet of paper?",
"text": "Bà ơi, cho tôi xin tờ giấy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Aren't you a funny one? How the hell should I know?",
"text": "Cái bà này lạ ! Làm sao tôi biết được !",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used when talking to one's friends)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam, informal, familiar) I/me (used when talking to one's friends)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tui"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"familiar",
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese formal terms",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "you and I/me",
"text": "bạn và tôi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Joe Ruelle, Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way], page 234",
"text": "Ý tôi không phải “phương Đông – phương Tây” là cách phân chia văn hoá vô tác dụng.\nI do not mean that the “Eastern – Western” categorization of cultures is invalid.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal in all dialects) I/me (used in formal contexts, regardless of the difference in status between the speakers)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in all dialects"
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "em"
}
],
"categories": [
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese endearing terms",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese men's speech terms",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I loved you, without words, without hope,\nSometimes I felt shy, sometimes I felt tortured with jealousy,\nI loved you, truly and deeply,\nI pray you'll find someone who loves you as much as I ever did.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Alexander Pushkin, “Tôi yêu em [I Loved You]”, in Hoàng Thúy Toàn, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name), translation of Я вас любил",
"roman": "Cầu em được người tình như tôi đã yêu em.",
"text": "Tôi yêu em âm thầm, không hi vọng,\nLúc rụt rè, khi hậm hực lòng ghen,\nTôi yêu em, yêu chân thành, đằm thắm,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "And by the power of one word\nI start my life over\nI was born to know you\nTo say your name\nLiberty.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Paul Éluard, “Tự do [Liberty]”, in Phùng Văn Tửu, transl., (Please provide the book title or journal name), translation of Liberté",
"roman": "TỰ DO.",
"text": "Và bằng phép màu một tiếng\nTôi bắt đầu lại cuộc đời\nTôi sinh ra để biết tên em\nĐể gọi tên em",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "If I can't find you, this puny life without you would be completely meaningless.\nLike the moon above, looking for love by itself all night long!\nIf I can't find you, I wish to be found in a certain someone's arms in a dream.\nIt's you, my love! I'm looking for something all for your true love!",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Lương Bằng Quang (lyrics and music), “Chính em [It's You]”",
"roman": "Chính em, em ơi ! Tìm gì vì tình yêu của em chân thành !",
"text": "Nếu tôi không tìm thấy, cuộc đời này nhỏ nhoi vắng em thật vô nghĩa.\nSẽ như trăng kia, một mình tìm tình yêu bay suốt đêm thâu !\nNếu tôi không tìm thấy, nguyện cầu được tìm trong giấc mơ vòng tay ai.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me (used by a man to a woman he loves)"
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"qualifier": "men's speech",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, endearing, men's speech) I/me (used by a man to a woman he loves)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anh"
}
],
"tags": [
"endearing",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tui"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"familiar"
],
"word": "min"
},
{
"english": "only by a male",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "qua"
},
{
"english": "only by a housewife",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "thiếp"
},
{
"english": "only by a monarch",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "trẫm"
},
{
"word": "anh"
},
{
"word": "bà"
},
{
"word": "bác"
},
{
"word": "cậu"
},
{
"word": "cha"
},
{
"word": "cháu"
},
{
"word": "chị"
},
{
"word": "chú"
},
{
"word": "con"
},
{
"word": "cô"
},
{
"word": "cố"
},
{
"word": "cụ"
},
{
"word": "dì"
},
{
"word": "dượng"
},
{
"word": "em"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "mình"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"word": "ông"
},
{
"word": "sơ"
},
{
"word": "ta"
},
{
"word": "tao"
},
{
"word": "thím"
},
{
"word": "tớ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm",
"Nguyễn Trãi"
],
"word": "tôi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese first person pronouns",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese personal pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tôi luyện"
},
{
"word": "tôi rèn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thối"
},
"expansion": "thối",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "焠//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">thối</i>",
"t": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 焠 (SV: thối)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "焠",
"2": "",
"3": "thối",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𤏣",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𤏣"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (𤏣)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𤏣"
},
"expansion": "tôi • (𤏣)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How the Steel Was Tempered",
"text": "Thép đã tôi thế đấy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to temper; to anneal"
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper#Verb"
],
[
"anneal",
"anneal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[toj˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "tôi"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.