See self in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for self meaning in English (35.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "en-pron"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This argument was put forward by the defendant self."
},
{
"ref": "1898 July 18, The Leader, Melbourne, page 34, column 1",
"text": "Now that I put on my glasses I could see that the hut was empty but for our two selves; that it must have been absolutely empty till we entered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned)."
],
"id": "en-self-en-pron-9Zw0t7kn",
"links": [
[
"Himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 1 14 4 4 4 3 1 5 13 15 5 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 2 7 4 4 4 4 1 5 5 7 13 27 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I made out a cheque, payable to self, which cheered me up somewhat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Myself."
],
"id": "en-self-en-pron-CpiYfEaz",
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"Myself",
"myself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(commercial or humorous) Myself."
],
"tags": [
"humorous"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"commerce",
"commercial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "nonself"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "note to self"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-abuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-care"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-centered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-contained"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfdom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-hosted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selflike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfsame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfsameness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfship"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "셀프",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "srefi"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: srefi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: srefi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "selves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "selfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "selves",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "self (plural selves or selfs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "person"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "I"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ego"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one's true self; one's better self; one's former self",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-2Kmklzq0",
"links": [
[
"personality",
"personality"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"demeanor",
"demeanor"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The subject of one's own experience of phenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-3kuxvvJc",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"phenomena",
"phenomenon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves)."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-4sPve4Xy",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"reflective",
"reflective"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
],
[
"selves",
"selves"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nafs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "نَفْس"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nafs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "نفس"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "öz"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "bal",
"lang": "Baluchi",
"roman": "wat",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "وت"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "khōd",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sadiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zi⁶ gei²",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìjǐ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(as a prefix) 自 (zì)",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìwǒ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自我"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自家"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "özü"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "selv"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zelf"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "itse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Selbst"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "eaftós",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εαυτός"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ponoʻī"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "étsem",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"word": "עֶצֶם"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "khud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "खुद"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "xud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ख़ुद"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "svayã",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वयं"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naphs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "नफ्स"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zāt",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ज़ात"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "önvaló"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ipsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sendiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "féin"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "stesso"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"alt": "じこ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiko",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"alt": "じしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jíshin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自身"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"alt": "じが",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiga",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自我"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "dhéwé"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "öz",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "өз"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "pos",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "пос"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jasin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "자신"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jagijasin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "자기자신"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xo",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خۆ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "wij",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "وِژ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "xwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "xwe",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خوە"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "idem"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patība"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pats"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pati"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sebstvo",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "себство"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "beye",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ᠪᡝᠶ᠋ᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "whaiaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "svataḥ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वतः"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "selv"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sjølv"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xod",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "si-próprio"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sebjá",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive"
],
"word": "себя́"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "себе́ (sebé) (dative case, prepositional case)",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ru",
"english": "instrumental case",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sobój",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "собо́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "svayaṃ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वयं"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "ātmán",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आत्मन्"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sebstvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "yo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "ser"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "uno mismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "enyewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "själv"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sarili"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dton",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ตน"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtuua-dton",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ตัวตน"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "àt-dtaa",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "อัตตา"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "bo",
"english": "rang nyid",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "རང་ཉིད"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "āñcäm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "āñme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "kendi"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "öz"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "bot",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "бот"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "bản thân"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hunan"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sels"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "beye",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "бэйэ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "xo (diq)"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 9 54 3 1 4 3 13",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ho (diq)"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Self-interest or personal advantage."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-7Kf1U~AO"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Identity or personality."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-Iu5HycRo"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs)."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-A-J3w9O9",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"selfs",
"selfs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-ZVMWhuQz",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"uniform",
"uniform"
],
[
"variegated",
"variegated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Immunology",
"orig": "en:Immunology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Molecular biology",
"orig": "en:Molecular biology",
"parents": [
"Biochemistry",
"Biology",
"Genetics",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438",
"text": "Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3",
"text": "In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"id": "en-self-en-noun-en:immunologic",
"links": [
[
"molecular biology",
"molecular biology"
],
[
"immunology",
"immunology"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"nonself",
"nonself#Adjective"
],
[
"infective",
"infective"
],
[
"allogenic",
"allogenic"
],
[
"xenogenic",
"xenogenic"
]
],
"qualifier": "molecular biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:immunologic"
],
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "silfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cyberself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "himself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "itself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "myself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "non-self"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "one's self"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ourselves"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "technoself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "themselves"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thyself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yourself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yourselves"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "outcross"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "selfs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "selfing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "selfed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "selfed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self (third-person singular simple present selfs, present participle selfing, simple past and past participle selfed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fertilize by the same individual; to self-fertilize or self-pollinate."
],
"id": "en-self-en-verb-xHKd~OGs",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"fertilize",
"fertilize"
],
[
"self-",
"self-"
],
[
"self-pollinate",
"self-pollinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) To fertilize by the same individual; to self-fertilize or self-pollinate."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fertilize by the same strain; to inbreed."
],
"id": "en-self-en-verb-mKZZ4QIW",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"inbreed",
"inbreed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) To fertilize by the same strain; to inbreed."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "selfbow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a self bow: one made from a single piece of wood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a self flower or plant: one which is wholly of one colour",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having its own or a single nature or character throughout, as in colour, composition, etc., without addition or change; of the same kind; unmixed."
],
"id": "en-self-en-adj-Snzk7oXl",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Same, identical."
],
"id": "en-self-en-adj-APkkHKC5",
"links": [
[
"Same",
"same"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Same, identical."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Belonging to oneself; own."
],
"id": "en-self-en-adj-WWK3-SeF",
"links": [
[
"Belonging",
"belong"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Belonging to oneself; own."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonself"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Immunology",
"orig": "en:Immunology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Molecular biology",
"orig": "en:Molecular biology",
"parents": [
"Biochemistry",
"Biology",
"Genetics",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438",
"text": "Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"id": "en-self-en-adj-SQqlXQZX",
"links": [
[
"molecular biology",
"molecular biology"
],
[
"immunology",
"immunology"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"self",
"#Noun"
],
[
"nonself",
"nonself#Adjective"
],
[
"infective",
"infective"
],
[
"allogenic",
"allogenic"
],
[
"xenogenic",
"xenogenic"
]
],
"qualifier": "molecular biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "pronoun",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "en-pron"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This argument was put forward by the defendant self."
},
{
"ref": "1898 July 18, The Leader, Melbourne, page 34, column 1",
"text": "Now that I put on my glasses I could see that the hut was empty but for our two selves; that it must have been absolutely empty till we entered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned)."
],
"links": [
[
"Himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Himself, herself, itself, themselves; that specific (person mentioned)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English humorous terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I made out a cheque, payable to self, which cheered me up somewhat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Myself."
],
"links": [
[
"humorous",
"humorous"
],
[
"Myself",
"myself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(commercial or humorous) Myself."
],
"tags": [
"humorous"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"commerce",
"commercial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "nonself"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "note to self"
},
{
"word": "self-abuse"
},
{
"word": "self-care"
},
{
"word": "self-centered"
},
{
"word": "self-contained"
},
{
"word": "selfdom"
},
{
"word": "selfhood"
},
{
"word": "self-hosted"
},
{
"word": "selfie"
},
{
"word": "selfish"
},
{
"word": "selfless"
},
{
"word": "selflike"
},
{
"word": "selfly"
},
{
"word": "selfness"
},
{
"word": "selfsame"
},
{
"word": "selfsameness"
},
{
"word": "selfship"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "셀프",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "srefi"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: srefi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: srefi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
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{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "sylf",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "selves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "selfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "selves",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "self (plural selves or selfs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "self-"
},
{
"word": "person"
},
{
"word": "I"
},
{
"word": "ego"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "one's true self; one's better self; one's former self",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition."
],
"links": [
[
"personality",
"personality"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"demeanor",
"demeanor"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The subject of one's own experience of phenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"phenomena",
"phenomenon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves)."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"reflective",
"reflective"
],
[
"consciousness",
"consciousness"
],
[
"selves",
"selves"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Self-interest or personal advantage."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Identity or personality."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs)."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"selfs",
"selfs#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs)."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"uniform",
"uniform"
],
[
"variegated",
"variegated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Immunology",
"en:Molecular biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438",
"text": "Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3",
"text": "In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"links": [
[
"molecular biology",
"molecular biology"
],
[
"immunology",
"immunology"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"nonself",
"nonself#Adjective"
],
[
"infective",
"infective"
],
[
"allogenic",
"allogenic"
],
[
"xenogenic",
"xenogenic"
]
],
"qualifier": "molecular biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:immunologic"
],
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cyberself"
},
{
"word": "herself"
},
{
"word": "himself"
},
{
"word": "itself"
},
{
"word": "myself"
},
{
"word": "non-self"
},
{
"word": "oneself"
},
{
"word": "one's self"
},
{
"word": "ourselves"
},
{
"word": "technoself"
},
{
"word": "themselves"
},
{
"word": "thyself"
},
{
"word": "yourself"
},
{
"word": "yourselves"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nafs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "نَفْس"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nafs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "نفس"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "öz"
},
{
"code": "bal",
"lang": "Baluchi",
"roman": "wat",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "وت"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "khōd",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "খোদ"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sadiri"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "zi⁶ gei²",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìjǐ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"note": "(as a prefix) 自 (zì)",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zìwǒ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自我"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自家"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "özü"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "selv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zelf"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "itse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Selbst"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "eaftós",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "εαυτός"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ponoʻī"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "étsem",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"singular",
"singular-only"
],
"word": "עֶצֶם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "khud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "खुद"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "xud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ख़ुद"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "svayã",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वयं"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "naphs",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "नफ्स"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zāt",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ज़ात"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "önvaló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ipsa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sendiri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "féin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "stesso"
},
{
"alt": "じこ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiko",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自己"
},
{
"alt": "じしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jíshin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自身"
},
{
"alt": "じが",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiga",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "自我"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "dhéwé"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "öz",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "өз"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "pos",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "пос"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jasin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "자신"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jagijasin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "자기자신"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "xo",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خۆ"
},
{
"code": "lki",
"lang": "Laki",
"roman": "wij",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "وِژ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "xwe"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "xwe",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خوە"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "idem"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patība"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pats"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pati"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sebstvo",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "себство"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "beye",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ᠪᡝᠶ᠋ᡝ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "whaiaro"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "svataḥ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वतः"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "selv"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sjølv"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xod",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "si-próprio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sebjá",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive"
],
"word": "себя́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "себе́ (sebé) (dative case, prepositional case)",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "instrumental case",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sobój",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "собо́й"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "svayaṃ",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "स्वयं"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "ātmán",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आत्मन्"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sebstvo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "yo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "ser"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "uno mismo"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "enyewe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "själv"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sarili"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dton",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ตน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtuua-dton",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ตัวตน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "àt-dtaa",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "อัตตา"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "rang nyid",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "རང་ཉིད"
},
{
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "āñcäm"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "āñme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "kendi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "öz"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "bot",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "бот"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sam",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сам"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "xud",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "خود"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "bản thân"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hunan"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "sels"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "beye",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "бэйэ"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "xo (diq)"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness",
"word": "ho (diq)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "outcross"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "selfs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "selfing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "selfed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "selfed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "self (third-person singular simple present selfs, present participle selfing, simple past and past participle selfed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"To fertilize by the same individual; to self-fertilize or self-pollinate."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"fertilize",
"fertilize"
],
[
"self-",
"self-"
],
[
"self-pollinate",
"self-pollinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) To fertilize by the same individual; to self-fertilize or self-pollinate."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"To fertilize by the same strain; to inbreed."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"inbreed",
"inbreed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) To fertilize by the same strain; to inbreed."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English pronouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "selfbow"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Middle English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "silf"
},
"expansion": "silf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulf"
},
"expansion": "sulf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "self"
},
"expansion": "Old English self",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "seolf"
},
"expansion": "seolf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sylf"
},
"expansion": "sylf",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*selbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *selbaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "selbst"
},
"expansion": "German selbst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zelf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zelf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "self",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a self bow: one made from a single piece of wood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a self flower or plant: one which is wholly of one colour",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having its own or a single nature or character throughout, as in colour, composition, etc., without addition or change; of the same kind; unmixed."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Same, identical."
],
"links": [
[
"Same",
"same"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Same, identical."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Belonging to oneself; own."
],
"links": [
[
"Belonging",
"belong"
],
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Belonging to oneself; own."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonself"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Immunology",
"en:Molecular biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438",
"text": "Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"links": [
[
"molecular biology",
"molecular biology"
],
[
"immunology",
"immunology"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"self",
"#Noun"
],
[
"nonself",
"nonself#Adjective"
],
[
"infective",
"infective"
],
[
"allogenic",
"allogenic"
],
[
"xenogenic",
"xenogenic"
]
],
"qualifier": "molecular biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic)."
],
"topics": [
"immunology",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɛlf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɛf/",
"tags": [
"African-American-Vernacular-English",
"Southern-American-English",
"dated"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlf"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-self.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "selfe"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "silf"
},
{
"word": "silfe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"self"
],
"word": "self"
}
{
"called_from": "XYZunsorted",
"msg": "self/English/noun: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"(as a prefix) \\u81ea (z\\u00ec)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}: {\"antonyms\": [{\"topics\": [\"immunology\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"nonself\"}], \"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u025blf\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u025blf/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"note to self\"}, {\"word\": \"self-abuse\"}, {\"word\": \"self-care\"}, {\"word\": \"self-centered\"}, {\"word\": \"self-contained\"}, {\"word\": \"selfdom\"}, {\"word\": \"selfhood\"}, {\"word\": \"self-hosted\"}, {\"word\": \"selfie\"}, {\"word\": \"selfish\"}, {\"word\": \"selfless\"}, {\"word\": \"selflike\"}, {\"word\": \"selfly\"}, {\"word\": \"selfness\"}, {\"word\": \"selfsame\"}, {\"word\": \"selfsameness\"}, {\"word\": \"selfship\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"\\uc140\\ud504\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u2192 Korean: \\uc140\\ud504 (selpeu)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"\\u2192 Korean: \\uc140\\ud504 (selpeu)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"srn\", \"2\": \"srefi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sranan Tongo: srefi\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sranan Tongo: srefi\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"self\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English self\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"silf\"}, \"expansion\": \"silf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"sulf\"}, \"expansion\": \"sulf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"self\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English self\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"seolf\"}, \"expansion\": \"seolf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"sylf\"}, \"expansion\": \"sylf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*selbaz\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *selbaz\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"\\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic \\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30 (silba)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"selbst\"}, \"expansion\": \"German selbst\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zelf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zelf\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic \\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"selves\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"selfs\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"selves\", \"2\": \"s\"}, \"expansion\": \"self (plural selves or selfs)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"self-\"}, {\"word\": \"person\"}, {\"word\": \"I\"}, {\"word\": \"ego\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"one's true self; one's better self; one's former self\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition.\"], \"links\": [[\"personality\", \"personality\"], [\"character\", \"character\"], [\"demeanor\", \"demeanor\"], [\"disposition\", \"disposition\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"The subject of one's own experience of phenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts.\"], \"links\": [[\"subject\", \"subject\"], [\"experience\", \"experience\"], [\"phenomena\", \"phenomenon\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves).\"], \"links\": [[\"person\", \"person\"], [\"reflective\", \"reflective\"], [\"consciousness\", \"consciousness\"], [\"selves\", \"selves\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Self-interest or personal advantage.\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Identity or personality.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs).\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"selfs\", \"selfs#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs).\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"flower\", \"flower\"], [\"uniform\", \"uniform\"], [\"variegated\", \"variegated\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Immunology\", \"en:Molecular biology\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, G Ristori et al., \\u201cCompositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens\\u201d, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, \\u2192PMID, pages 431\\u2013438\", \"text\": \"Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, \\u201cRapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm\\u201d, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3\", \"text\": \"In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).\"], \"links\": [[\"molecular biology\", \"molecular biology\"], [\"immunology\", \"immunology\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"nonself\", \"nonself#Adjective\"], [\"infective\", \"infective\"], [\"allogenic\", \"allogenic\"], [\"xenogenic\", \"xenogenic\"]], \"qualifier\": \"molecular biology\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:immunologic\"], \"topics\": [\"immunology\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/s\\u025blf/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/s\\u025bf/\", \"tags\": [\"African-American-Vernacular-English\", \"Southern-American-English\", \"dated\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u025blf\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-self.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"cyberself\"}, {\"word\": \"herself\"}, {\"word\": \"himself\"}, {\"word\": \"itself\"}, {\"word\": \"myself\"}, {\"word\": \"non-self\"}, {\"word\": \"oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"one's self\"}, {\"word\": \"ourselves\"}, {\"word\": \"technoself\"}, {\"word\": \"themselves\"}, {\"word\": \"thyself\"}, {\"word\": \"yourself\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselves\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"selfe\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"rare\"], \"word\": \"silf\"}, {\"word\": \"silfe\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"nafs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0646\\u064e\\u0641\\u0652\\u0633\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"nafs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0646\\u0641\\u0633\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\"}, {\"code\": \"bal\", \"lang\": \"Baluchi\", \"roman\": \"wat\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0648\\u062a\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kh\\u014dd\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0996\\u09cb\\u09a6\"}, {\"code\": \"bcl\", \"lang\": \"Bikol Central\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sadiri\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"zi\\u2076 gei\\u00b2\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"z\\u00ecj\\u01d0\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"(as a prefix) \\u81ea (z\\u00ec)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"z\\u00ecw\\u01d2\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u6211\"}, {\"code\": \"wuu\", \"lang\": \"Wu Chinese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5bb6\"}, {\"code\": \"crh\", \"lang\": \"Crimean Tatar\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\\u00fc\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"selv\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zelf\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"itse\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"soi-m\\u00eame\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Selbst\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"eaft\\u00f3s\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b5\\u03b1\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03cc\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"pono\\u02bb\\u012b\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"\\u00e9tsem\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"singular\", \"singular-only\"], \"word\": \"\\u05e2\\u05b6\\u05e6\\u05b6\\u05dd\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"khud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0916\\u0941\\u0926\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"xud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0916\\u093c\\u0941\\u0926\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"svay\\u00e3\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u092f\\u0902\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"naphs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0928\\u092b\\u094d\\u0938\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"z\\u0101t\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u091c\\u093c\\u093e\\u0924\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6nval\\u00f3\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"ipsa\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sendiri\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"f\\u00e9in\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"stesso\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u3053\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"jiko\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u3057\\u3093\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"j\\u00edshin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u8eab\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u304c\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"jiga\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u6211\"}, {\"code\": \"jv\", \"lang\": \"Javanese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"dh\\u00e9w\\u00e9\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"\\u00f6z\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u04e9\\u0437\"}, {\"code\": \"kjh\", \"lang\": \"Khakas\", \"roman\": \"pos\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jasin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\uc790\\uc2e0\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jagijasin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\uc790\\uae30\\uc790\\uc2e0\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"xo\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u06c6\"}, {\"code\": \"lki\", \"lang\": \"Laki\", \"roman\": \"wij\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0648\\u0650\\u0698\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"xwe\"}, {\"code\": \"sdh\", \"lang\": \"Southern Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"xwe\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u06d5\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"idem\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pat\\u012bba\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pats\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pati\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"sebstvo\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"beye\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u182a\\u185d\\u1836\\u180b\\u185d\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"whaiaro\"}, {\"code\": \"mr\", \"lang\": \"Marathi\", \"roman\": \"svata\\u1e25\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924\\u0903\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"selv\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sj\\u00f8lv\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"xod\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u062f\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"si-pr\\u00f3prio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sebj\\u00e1\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u044f\\u0301\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435\\u0301 (seb\\u00e9) (dative case, prepositional case)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"english\": \"instrumental case\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sob\\u00f3j\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0301\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"svaya\\u1e43\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u092f\\u0902\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"\\u0101tm\\u00e1n\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0906\\u0924\\u094d\\u092e\\u0928\\u094d\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sebstvo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"psychology\", \"human-sciences\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"yo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"psychology\", \"human-sciences\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"ser\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"uno mismo\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"enyewe\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sj\\u00e4lv\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sarili\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dton\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e15\\u0e19\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtuua-dton\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e15\\u0e19\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"\\u00e0t-dtaa\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e15\\u0e15\\u0e32\"}, {\"code\": \"bo\", \"english\": \"rang nyid\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0f62\\u0f44\\u0f0b\\u0f49\\u0f72\\u0f51\"}, {\"code\": \"xto\", \"lang\": \"Tocharian A\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0101\\u00f1c\\u00e4m\"}, {\"code\": \"txb\", \"lang\": \"Tocharian B\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0101\\u00f1me\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"kendi\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\"}, {\"code\": \"tyv\", \"lang\": \"Tuvan\", \"roman\": \"bot\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"xud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u062f\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"b\\u1ea3n th\\u00e2n\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"hunan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sels\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"beye\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u044d\\u0439\\u044d\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"xo (diq)\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"ho (diq)\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"self\"], \"word\": \"self\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "self",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "XYZunsorted",
"msg": "self/English/noun: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435\\u0301 (seb\\u00e9) (dative case, prepositional case)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}: {\"antonyms\": [{\"topics\": [\"immunology\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"nonself\"}], \"categories\": [\"English 1-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with language name categories using raw markup\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English nouns with irregular plurals\", \"English pronouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"English verbs\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u025blf\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u025blf/1 syllable\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"note to self\"}, {\"word\": \"self-abuse\"}, {\"word\": \"self-care\"}, {\"word\": \"self-centered\"}, {\"word\": \"self-contained\"}, {\"word\": \"selfdom\"}, {\"word\": \"selfhood\"}, {\"word\": \"self-hosted\"}, {\"word\": \"selfie\"}, {\"word\": \"selfish\"}, {\"word\": \"selfless\"}, {\"word\": \"selflike\"}, {\"word\": \"selfly\"}, {\"word\": \"selfness\"}, {\"word\": \"selfsame\"}, {\"word\": \"selfsameness\"}, {\"word\": \"selfship\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"\\uc140\\ud504\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"\\u2192 Korean: \\uc140\\ud504 (selpeu)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"\\u2192 Korean: \\uc140\\ud504 (selpeu)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"srn\", \"2\": \"srefi\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sranan Tongo: srefi\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sranan Tongo: srefi\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"self\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English self\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"silf\"}, \"expansion\": \"silf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"enm\", \"2\": \"sulf\"}, \"expansion\": \"sulf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"self\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English self\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"seolf\"}, \"expansion\": \"seolf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"sylf\"}, \"expansion\": \"sylf\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*selbaz\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *selbaz\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"got\", \"2\": \"\\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gothic \\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30 (silba)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"selbst\"}, \"expansion\": \"German selbst\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"zelf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch zelf\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic \\ud800\\udf43\\ud800\\udf39\\ud800\\udf3b\\ud800\\udf31\\ud800\\udf30 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"selves\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"selfs\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"selves\", \"2\": \"s\"}, \"expansion\": \"self (plural selves or selfs)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"self-\"}, {\"word\": \"person\"}, {\"word\": \"I\"}, {\"word\": \"ego\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"one's true self; one's better self; one's former self\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"One individual's personality, character, demeanor, or disposition.\"], \"links\": [[\"personality\", \"personality\"], [\"character\", \"character\"], [\"demeanor\", \"demeanor\"], [\"disposition\", \"disposition\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"The subject of one's own experience of phenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts.\"], \"links\": [[\"subject\", \"subject\"], [\"experience\", \"experience\"], [\"phenomena\", \"phenomenon\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves).\"], \"links\": [[\"person\", \"person\"], [\"reflective\", \"reflective\"], [\"consciousness\", \"consciousness\"], [\"selves\", \"selves\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Self-interest or personal advantage.\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Identity or personality.\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs).\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"selfs\", \"selfs#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) A seedling produced by self-pollination (plural selfs).\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"en:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"flower\", \"flower\"], [\"uniform\", \"uniform\"], [\"variegated\", \"variegated\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) A flower having its colour uniform as opposed to variegated.\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Immunology\", \"en:Molecular biology\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"2000, G Ristori et al., \\u201cCompositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens\\u201d, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, \\u2192PMID, pages 431\\u2013438\", \"text\": \"Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, \\u201cRapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm\\u201d, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3\", \"text\": \"In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).\"], \"links\": [[\"molecular biology\", \"molecular biology\"], [\"immunology\", \"immunology\"], [\"organism\", \"organism\"], [\"nonself\", \"nonself#Adjective\"], [\"infective\", \"infective\"], [\"allogenic\", \"allogenic\"], [\"xenogenic\", \"xenogenic\"]], \"qualifier\": \"molecular biology\", \"raw_glosses\": [\"(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:immunologic\"], \"topics\": [\"immunology\", \"medicine\", \"sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/s\\u025blf/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/s\\u025bf/\", \"tags\": [\"African-American-Vernacular-English\", \"Southern-American-English\", \"dated\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u025blf\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-self.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-self.ogg/En-us-self.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/En-us-self.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"cyberself\"}, {\"word\": \"herself\"}, {\"word\": \"himself\"}, {\"word\": \"itself\"}, {\"word\": \"myself\"}, {\"word\": \"non-self\"}, {\"word\": \"oneself\"}, {\"word\": \"one's self\"}, {\"word\": \"ourselves\"}, {\"word\": \"technoself\"}, {\"word\": \"themselves\"}, {\"word\": \"thyself\"}, {\"word\": \"yourself\"}, {\"word\": \"yourselves\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"selfe\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"rare\"], \"word\": \"silf\"}, {\"word\": \"silfe\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"nafs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0646\\u064e\\u0641\\u0652\\u0633\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"nafs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0646\\u0641\\u0633\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\"}, {\"code\": \"bal\", \"lang\": \"Baluchi\", \"roman\": \"wat\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0648\\u062a\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"kh\\u014dd\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0996\\u09cb\\u09a6\"}, {\"code\": \"bcl\", \"lang\": \"Bikol Central\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sadiri\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"zi\\u2076 gei\\u00b2\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"z\\u00ecj\\u01d0\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"(as a prefix) \\u81ea (z\\u00ec)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"z\\u00ecw\\u01d2\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u6211\"}, {\"code\": \"wuu\", \"lang\": \"Wu Chinese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5bb6\"}, {\"code\": \"crh\", \"lang\": \"Crimean Tatar\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\\u00fc\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"selv\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zelf\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"itse\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"soi-m\\u00eame\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Selbst\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"eaft\\u00f3s\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b5\\u03b1\\u03c5\\u03c4\\u03cc\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"haw\", \"lang\": \"Hawaiian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"pono\\u02bb\\u012b\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"\\u00e9tsem\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"singular\", \"singular-only\"], \"word\": \"\\u05e2\\u05b6\\u05e6\\u05b6\\u05dd\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"khud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0916\\u0941\\u0926\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"xud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0916\\u093c\\u0941\\u0926\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"svay\\u00e3\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u092f\\u0902\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"naphs\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0928\\u092b\\u094d\\u0938\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"z\\u0101t\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"\\u091c\\u093c\\u093e\\u0924\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6nval\\u00f3\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"ipsa\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sendiri\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"f\\u00e9in\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"stesso\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u3053\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"jiko\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u5df1\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u3057\\u3093\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"j\\u00edshin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u8eab\"}, {\"alt\": \"\\u3058\\u304c\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"jiga\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u81ea\\u6211\"}, {\"code\": \"jv\", \"lang\": \"Javanese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"dh\\u00e9w\\u00e9\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"\\u00f6z\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u04e9\\u0437\"}, {\"code\": \"kjh\", \"lang\": \"Khakas\", \"roman\": \"pos\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jasin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\uc790\\uc2e0\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jagijasin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\uc790\\uae30\\uc790\\uc2e0\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"xo\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u06c6\"}, {\"code\": \"lki\", \"lang\": \"Laki\", \"roman\": \"wij\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0648\\u0650\\u0698\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"xwe\"}, {\"code\": \"sdh\", \"lang\": \"Southern Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"xwe\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u06d5\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"idem\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pat\\u012bba\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pats\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pati\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"sebstvo\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"beye\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u182a\\u185d\\u1836\\u180b\\u185d\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"whaiaro\"}, {\"code\": \"mr\", \"lang\": \"Marathi\", \"roman\": \"svata\\u1e25\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924\\u0903\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"selv\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sj\\u00f8lv\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"xod\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u062f\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"si-pr\\u00f3prio\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sebj\\u00e1\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"genitive\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u044f\\u0301\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"\\u0441\\u0435\\u0431\\u0435\\u0301 (seb\\u00e9) (dative case, prepositional case)\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"english\": \"instrumental case\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sob\\u00f3j\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0301\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"svaya\\u1e43\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u092f\\u0902\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"\\u0101tm\\u00e1n\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0906\\u0924\\u094d\\u092e\\u0928\\u094d\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sebstvo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"psychology\", \"human-sciences\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"yo\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"psychology\", \"human-sciences\", \"sciences\"], \"word\": \"ser\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"uno mismo\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"enyewe\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sj\\u00e4lv\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sarili\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dton\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e15\\u0e19\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"dtuua-dton\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e15\\u0e19\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"\\u00e0t-dtaa\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e15\\u0e15\\u0e32\"}, {\"code\": \"bo\", \"english\": \"rang nyid\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0f62\\u0f44\\u0f0b\\u0f49\\u0f72\\u0f51\"}, {\"code\": \"xto\", \"lang\": \"Tocharian A\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0101\\u00f1c\\u00e4m\"}, {\"code\": \"txb\", \"lang\": \"Tocharian B\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0101\\u00f1me\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"kendi\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u00f6z\"}, {\"code\": \"tyv\", \"lang\": \"Tuvan\", \"roman\": \"bot\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sam\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"xud\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u062e\\u0648\\u062f\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"b\\u1ea3n th\\u00e2n\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"hunan\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"sels\"}, {\"code\": \"sah\", \"lang\": \"Yakut\", \"roman\": \"beye\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u044d\\u0439\\u044d\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"xo (diq)\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness\", \"word\": \"ho (diq)\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"self\"], \"word\": \"self\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "self",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.