See punish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "corporally punish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mispunish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "outpunish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "overpunish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "prepunish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishability"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punisher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punishment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "repunish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "telish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "telishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "punischen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English punischen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "puniō",
"t": "I inflict punishment upon"
},
"expansion": "Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wītnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wītnian",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced Old English wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "punishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punish (third-person singular simple present punishes, present participle punishing, simple past and past participle punished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pun‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "37 27 31 6",
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{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "37 29 29 4",
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 29 6",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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{
"_dis": "38 31 27 4",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "39 29 27 5",
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{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "39 27 28 6",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "45 27 26 1",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "39 28 28 4",
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{
"_dis": "55 23 21 1",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
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{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "39 26 31 4",
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{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
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"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "36 30 30 4",
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{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "41 27 28 4",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 28 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 29 28 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 29 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
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"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 28 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 27 28 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, page 255:",
"text": "It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Matthew Weait, Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:",
"text": "The law needs to punish this behaviour as a deterrent to others.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joyce Carol Oates, Double Delight, Open Road Media, →ISBN:",
"text": "His mother had punished him when he'd deserved it. She'd loved him, he was “all she had,” but she'd punished him, too.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-OGWjC~Wu",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misconduct",
"misconduct"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"disciplinary",
"disciplinary"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ndëshkoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāqaba",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "عَاقَبَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāṣaṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "قَاصَصَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iqtaṣṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "اِقْتَصَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جَزَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzalandırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzasını vermək"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "zigortu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakarácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакара́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "donḍo dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "দণ্ড দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaja dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "সাজা দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakázvam",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́звам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakáža",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нака́жа"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.pracpe:",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "အပြစ်ပေး"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcum:ma.",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ဆုံးမ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "osdvdisdi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰 /惩罚"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "處罰 /处罚"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìcái",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "制裁"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kessydhya"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḫsf",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "x-s-U35-A24"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "njk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "n-i-k:G37"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "puni"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "karistama"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cjastiâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dasǯa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "დასჯა"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wlizjan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "𐍅𐌻𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "timoró",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "timōréō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolázō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "κολάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "he'enísh",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "הֶעֱנִישׁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "silot"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "सज़ा देना"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "büntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "refsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cuir pionós ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "aifir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punire"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"alt": "ばっする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bassuru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "罰する"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"alt": "ちょうばつする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōbatsu suru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰する"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jazalau",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалау"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑñcaal",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "បញ្ចាល"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phdɑntiə",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ផ្ដន្ទា"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ទរ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beoljuda",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "벌주다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jingbeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "징벌하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheobeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "처벌하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eungjinghada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "응징하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jazaloo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалоо"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "long thōt",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ລົງໂທດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "multō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pūniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "sodīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nosodīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bausti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nubausti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strofen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrofen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaznuva",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "казнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kazni",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "казни"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lus",
"lang": "Mizo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "hrem"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šiitgex",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шийтгэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uâdhiɓu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uhukumu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tresktati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potresktati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wītnian"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "adabuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "adab kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ادب کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mojâzât kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "مجازات کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punì"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukarać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "maqakuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wanay"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "a pedepsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "chastiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakazátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokarátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "cayate",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "चयते"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "casticare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigae"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigai"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кажња́вати"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ка̏знити"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kažnjávati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "kȁzniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castijari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestať"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestať"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kaznovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "empurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kuadhibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ҷазо додан"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "сазо додан"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "taṇṭi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "தண்டி"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cäzalarga",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "җәзаларга"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "long-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ลงโทษ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ทำโทษ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "nyes pa gtong",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ཉེས་པ་གཏོང"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ceza vermek"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jezalandyrmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokaráty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakázuvaty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "سزا دینا"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jazalimaq",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جازالىماق"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazolamoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazo bermoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "phạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "trừng phạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashtrofn",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "באַשטראָפֿן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 41 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 35 37 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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},
{
"_dis": "26 35 33 5",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "30 34 32 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 33 4",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 28 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 29 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 27 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 36 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 30 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 26 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 26 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 30 28 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 30 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Valerie Polakow, Lives on the Edge: Single Mothers and Their Children in the Other America, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 68:",
"text": "But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Seth Benardete, The Bow and the Lyre: A Platonic Reading of the Odyssey, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Gordon Wright, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., →ISBN, page 44:",
"text": "The rider who comes back on his horse in mid-air over a fence is punishing his horse severely.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-NxdddlV-",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mistreat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 89 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 89 8 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "kurittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 89 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 89 8 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "maltratar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 41 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 35 37 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 35 33 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 32 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 30 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 28 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 29 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 29 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 27 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 36 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 30 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 26 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 26 31 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 30 28 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 30 30 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 27 31 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-gMIQdiS1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 29 26 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Doc Greene, The Memory Collector, page 49:",
"text": "A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume a large quantity of."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-HZDnUxTn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To consume a large quantity of."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-punish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg/En-us-punish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "punishe"
}
],
"word": "punish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Portuguese translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪʃ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mizo translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Oromo translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "corporally punish"
},
{
"word": "mispunish"
},
{
"word": "outpunish"
},
{
"word": "overpunish"
},
{
"word": "prepunish"
},
{
"word": "punishability"
},
{
"word": "punishable"
},
{
"word": "punishee"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punisher"
},
{
"word": "punishing"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punishment"
},
{
"word": "repunish"
},
{
"word": "telish"
},
{
"word": "telishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "punischen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English punischen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "puniō",
"t": "I inflict punishment upon"
},
"expansion": "Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wītnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wītnian",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced Old English wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "punishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punish (third-person singular simple present punishes, present participle punishing, simple past and past participle punished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pun‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, page 255:",
"text": "It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Matthew Weait, Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:",
"text": "The law needs to punish this behaviour as a deterrent to others.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joyce Carol Oates, Double Delight, Open Road Media, →ISBN:",
"text": "His mother had punished him when he'd deserved it. She'd loved him, he was “all she had,” but she'd punished him, too.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misconduct",
"misconduct"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"disciplinary",
"disciplinary"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Valerie Polakow, Lives on the Edge: Single Mothers and Their Children in the Other America, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 68:",
"text": "But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Seth Benardete, The Bow and the Lyre: A Platonic Reading of the Odyssey, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 5:",
"text": "Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Gordon Wright, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., →ISBN, page 44:",
"text": "The rider who comes back on his horse in mid-air over a fence is punishing his horse severely.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mistreat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Doc Greene, The Memory Collector, page 49:",
"text": "A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume a large quantity of."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To consume a large quantity of."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-punish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg/En-us-punish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪʃ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "punishe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ndëshkoj"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāqaba",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "عَاقَبَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāṣaṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "قَاصَصَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iqtaṣṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "اِقْتَصَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جَزَى"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzalandırmaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzasını vermək"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "zigortu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakarácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакара́ць"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "donḍo dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "দণ্ড দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaja dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "সাজা দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakázvam",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́звам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakáža",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нака́жа"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.pracpe:",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "အပြစ်ပေး"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcum:ma.",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ဆုံးမ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "osdvdisdi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰 /惩罚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "處罰 /处罚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìcái",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "制裁"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kessydhya"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḫsf",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "x-s-U35-A24"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "njk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "n-i-k:G37"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "puni"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "karistama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cjastiâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dasǯa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "დასჯა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wlizjan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "𐍅𐌻𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "timoró",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρώ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "timōréō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρέω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolázō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "κολάζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "he'enísh",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "הֶעֱנִישׁ"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "silot"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "सज़ा देना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "büntet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "refsa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaissa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangata"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cuir pionós ar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "aifir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"alt": "ばっする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bassuru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "罰する"
},
{
"alt": "ちょうばつする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōbatsu suru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰する"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jazalau",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалау"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑñcaal",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "បញ្ចាល"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phdɑntiə",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ផ្ដន្ទា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ទរ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beoljuda",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "벌주다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jingbeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "징벌하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheobeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "처벌하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eungjinghada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "응징하다"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jazaloo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалоо"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "long thōt",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ລົງໂທດ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "multō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pūniō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "sodīt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nosodīt"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bausti"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nubausti"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strofen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrofen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaznuva",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "казнува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kazni",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "казни"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"code": "lus",
"lang": "Mizo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "hrem"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šiitgex",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шийтгэх"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uâdhiɓu"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uhukumu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tresktati"
},
{
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potresktati"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wrecan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wītnian"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "adabuu"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "adab kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ادب کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mojâzât kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "مجازات کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punì"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukarać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "maqakuy"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wanay"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "a pedepsi"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "chastiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakazátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokarátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "cayate",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "चयते"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "casticare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigae"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кажња́вати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ка̏знити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kažnjávati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "kȁzniti"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castijari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castiari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kaznovati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "empurar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kuadhibu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ҷазо додан"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "сазо додан"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "taṇṭi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "தண்டி"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cäzalarga",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "җәзаларга"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "long-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ลงโทษ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ทำโทษ"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "nyes pa gtong",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ཉེས་པ་གཏོང"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ceza vermek"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jezalandyrmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokaráty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakázuvaty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ти"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "سزا دینا"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jazalimaq",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جازالىماق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazolamoq"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazo bermoq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "phạt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "trừng phạt"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashtrofn",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "באַשטראָפֿן"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "kurittaa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "maltratar"
}
],
"word": "punish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for punish meaning in English (30.6kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Telugu: __IGNORE__ (1)",
"path": [
"punish"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "punish",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.