See wrecan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to spare",
"word": "ārian"
},
{
"english": "to forgive",
"word": "forġiefan"
},
{
"english": "to spare",
"word": "sparian"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ǣrendwreca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bewrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "forwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "goldwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oferwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "onwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sċyldwreccende"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tōwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "þeōdwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "þurhwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wracian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrecend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "āwrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ġewrecan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wreken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wreken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "English: wreak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wreak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wreke",
"3": "wrek",
"4": "wreik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wreke, wrek, wreik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wreke, wrek, wreik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to pursue, to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to pursue, to drive out”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to pursue, to drive out”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wræc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wricst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wricþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wræc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣcon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣcen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrec",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġewrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrecan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wrecan<s5>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "revenge",
"word": "wracu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The teacher punished her students for using bad words.",
"text": "Sēo lǣrestre wræc hire leornerum þæt hīe yfelra worda brucon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to punish (+ dative = a person) (+ accusative = a wrong)"
],
"id": "en-wrecan-ang-verb-twkY3qXx",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to punish (+ dative = a person) (+ accusative = a wrong)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 3 8 0",
"sense": "to punish",
"word": "wītnian"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I promised my father that if he was killed, I would avenge his death.",
"text": "Iċ ġehēt mīnum fæder ġif hine man ofslōge, þæt iċ his dēaþ wrǣċe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you prick us, don't we bleed? If you tickle us, don't we laugh? If you poison us, don't we die? And if you wrong us, don't we take revenge?",
"text": "Ġif ġē ūs priciaþ, ne blēdaþ wē? Ġif ġē ūs ċiteliaþ, ne hliehhaþ wē? Ġif ġē ūs ġeǣtriaþ, ne sweltaþ wē? And ġif ġē ūs yfeliaþ, ne wrecaþ wē?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to avenge or take revenge (+ accusative or with on + dative = \"on someone\")"
],
"id": "en-wrecan-ang-verb-kzbXQc4A",
"links": [
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
],
[
"take revenge",
"take revenge"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to avenge or take revenge (+ accusative or with on + dative = \"on someone\")"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 37 27 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 25 36 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 44 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He took out his anger on his children.",
"text": "Hē wræc his ierre on his bearnum.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to unleash or take out (one's anger) (with on + dative = on someone)"
],
"id": "en-wrecan-ang-verb-NrjoA45w",
"links": [
[
"unleash",
"unleash"
],
[
"take out",
"take out"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(a) to drive out, expel"
},
{
"text": "(b) to drive words out, express, recite"
},
{
"english": "I can recite a true story about myself.",
"text": "9th or 10th century, The Seafarer\nMæġ iċ be mē selfum / sōðġiedd wrecan.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "(c) to drive in, impress, inlay"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, press"
],
"id": "en-wrecan-ang-verb-QNAv5owA",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"press",
"press"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwre.kɑn/"
}
],
"word": "wrecan"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "to spare",
"word": "ārian"
},
{
"english": "to forgive",
"word": "forġiefan"
},
{
"english": "to spare",
"word": "sparian"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old English class 5 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ǣrendwreca"
},
{
"word": "bewrecan"
},
{
"word": "forwrecan"
},
{
"word": "goldwrecan"
},
{
"word": "oferwrecan"
},
{
"word": "onwrecan"
},
{
"word": "sċyldwreccende"
},
{
"word": "tōwrecan"
},
{
"word": "þeōdwrecan"
},
{
"word": "þurhwrecan"
},
{
"word": "wracian"
},
{
"word": "wrecend"
},
{
"word": "āwrecan"
},
{
"word": "ġewrecan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wreken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wreken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wreken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wreak"
},
"expansion": "English: wreak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wreak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wreke",
"3": "wrek",
"4": "wreik"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wreke, wrek, wreik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wreke, wrek, wreik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrekaną",
"t": "to pursue, to drive out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to pursue, to drive out”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to pursue, to drive out”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wræc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wricst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wricþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wræc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣcon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrece",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrǣcen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrec",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġewrecen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wrecan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wrecan<s5>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "revenge",
"word": "wracu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English intransitive verbs",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The teacher punished her students for using bad words.",
"text": "Sēo lǣrestre wræc hire leornerum þæt hīe yfelra worda brucon.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to punish (+ dative = a person) (+ accusative = a wrong)"
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to punish (+ dative = a person) (+ accusative = a wrong)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English intransitive verbs",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I promised my father that if he was killed, I would avenge his death.",
"text": "Iċ ġehēt mīnum fæder ġif hine man ofslōge, þæt iċ his dēaþ wrǣċe.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "If you prick us, don't we bleed? If you tickle us, don't we laugh? If you poison us, don't we die? And if you wrong us, don't we take revenge?",
"text": "Ġif ġē ūs priciaþ, ne blēdaþ wē? Ġif ġē ūs ċiteliaþ, ne hliehhaþ wē? Ġif ġē ūs ġeǣtriaþ, ne sweltaþ wē? And ġif ġē ūs yfeliaþ, ne wrecaþ wē?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to avenge or take revenge (+ accusative or with on + dative = \"on someone\")"
],
"links": [
[
"avenge",
"avenge"
],
[
"take revenge",
"take revenge"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to avenge or take revenge (+ accusative or with on + dative = \"on someone\")"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He took out his anger on his children.",
"text": "Hē wræc his ierre on his bearnum.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to unleash or take out (one's anger) (with on + dative = on someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"unleash",
"unleash"
],
[
"take out",
"take out"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"on",
"on#Old_English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(a) to drive out, expel"
},
{
"text": "(b) to drive words out, express, recite"
},
{
"english": "I can recite a true story about myself.",
"text": "9th or 10th century, The Seafarer\nMæġ iċ be mē selfum / sōðġiedd wrecan.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "(c) to drive in, impress, inlay"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, press"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"press",
"press"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwre.kɑn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to punish",
"word": "wītnian"
}
],
"word": "wrecan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wrecan meaning in Old English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.