See punish on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for punish meaning in All languages combined (30.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punisher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "punishing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punishment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "telish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "telishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "punischen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English punischen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "punir"
},
"expansion": "punir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "puniō",
"t": "I inflict punishment upon"
},
"expansion": "Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poena",
"3": "",
"4": "punishment, penalty"
},
"expansion": "poena (“punishment, penalty”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "pain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wītnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wītnian",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wrecan"
},
"expansion": "wrecan",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced Old English wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "punishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punish (third-person singular simple present punishes, present participle punishing, simple past and past participle punished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pun‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, page 255",
"text": "It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Matthew Weait, Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission, Routledge, page 80",
"text": "The law needs to punish this behaviour as a deterrent to others.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joyce Carol Oates, Double Delight, Open Road Media",
"text": "His mother had punished him when he'd deserved it. She'd loved him, he was “all she had,” but she'd punished him, too.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-OGWjC~Wu",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misconduct",
"misconduct"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"disciplinary",
"disciplinary"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ndëshkoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāqaba",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "عَاقَبَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāṣaṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "قَاصَصَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iqtaṣṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "اِقْتَصَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جَزَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzalandırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzasını vermək"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "zigortu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakarácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакара́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "donḍo dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "দণ্ড দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaja dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "সাজা দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakázvam",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́звам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakáža",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нака́жа"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.pracpe:",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "အပြစ်ပေး"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcum:ma.",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ဆုံးမ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "osdvdisdi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "惩罚"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "處罰"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "处罚"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìcái",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "制裁"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kessydhya"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḫsf",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "x-s-U35-A24"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "njk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "n-i-k:G37"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "puni"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "karistama"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cjastiâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dasǯa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "დასჯა"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wlizjan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "𐍅𐌻𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "timoró",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "timōréō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolázō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "κολάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "he'enísh",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "הֶעֱנִישׁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "silot"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "सज़ा देना"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "büntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "refsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cuir pionós ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "aifir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punire"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"alt": "ばっする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bassuru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "罰する"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"alt": "ちょうばつする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōbatsu suru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰する"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jazalau",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалау"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑñcaal",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "បញ្ចាល"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phdɑntiə",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ផ្ដន្ទា"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ទរ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beoljuda",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "벌주다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jingbeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "징벌하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheobeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "처벌하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eungjinghada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "응징하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jazaloo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалоо"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "long thōt",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ລົງໂທດ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "multō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pūniō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "sodīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nosodīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bausti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nubausti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strofen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrofen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaznuva",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "казнува"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kazni",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "казни"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "lus",
"lang": "Mizo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "hrem"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šiitgex",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шийтгэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uâdhiɓu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uhukumu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wrecan"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wītnian"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "adabuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "adab kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ادب کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mojâzât kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "مجازات کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punì"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukarać"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "maqakuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wanay"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "a pedepsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "chastiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakazátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokarátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "cayate",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "चयते"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "casticare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigae"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigai"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кажња́вати"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ка̏знити"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kažnjávati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "kȁzniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castijari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestať"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestať"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kaznovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kuadhibu"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ҷазо додан"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "сазо додан"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "taṇṭi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "தண்டி"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cäzalarga",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "җәзаларга"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "long-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ลงโทษ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ทำโทษ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "nyes pa gtong",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ཉེས་པ་གཏོང"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ceza vermek"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jezalandyrmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokaráty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakázuvaty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "سزا دینا"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jazalimaq",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جازالىماق"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazolamoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazo bermoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "phạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "trừng phạt"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 1 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashtrofn",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "באַשטראָפֿן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 42 43 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Valerie Polakow, Lives on the Edge: Single Mothers and Their Children in the Other America, University of Chicago Press, page 68",
"text": "But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Seth Benardete, The Bow and the Lyre: A Platonic Reading of the Odyssey, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, page 5",
"text": "Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Gordon Wright, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., page 44",
"text": "The rider who comes back on his horse in mid-air over a fence is punishing his horse severely.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-NxdddlV-",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mistreat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "kurittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "maltratar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 42 43 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-gMIQdiS1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Doc Greene, The Memory Collector, page 49",
"text": "A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume a large quantity of."
],
"id": "en-punish-en-verb-HZDnUxTn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To consume a large quantity of."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-punish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg/En-us-punish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "punishe"
}
],
"word": "punish"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Portuguese translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌnɪʃ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "punishable"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punisher"
},
{
"word": "punishing"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "punishment"
},
{
"word": "telish"
},
{
"word": "telishment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "punischen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English punischen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "punir"
},
"expansion": "punir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "puniō",
"t": "I inflict punishment upon"
},
"expansion": "Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poena",
"3": "",
"4": "punishment, penalty"
},
"expansion": "poena (“punishment, penalty”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pain"
},
"expansion": "pain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wītnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wītnian",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wrecan"
},
"expansion": "wrecan",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English punischen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French puniss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of punir, from Latin puniō (“I inflict punishment upon”), from poena (“punishment, penalty”); see pain. Displaced Old English wītnian and (mostly, in this sense) wrecan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "punishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "punishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "punished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "punish (third-person singular simple present punishes, present participle punishing, simple past and past participle punished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pun‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "pain"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If a prince violates the law, then he must be punished like an ordinary person.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1818, William Cobbett, The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, page 255",
"text": "It was not from the want of proper laws that dangerous principles had been disseminated, and had assumed a threatening aspect, but because those laws had not been employed by the executive power to remedy the evil, and to punish the offenders.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Matthew Weait, Intimacy and Responsibility: The Criminalisation of HIV Transmission, Routledge, page 80",
"text": "The law needs to punish this behaviour as a deterrent to others.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joyce Carol Oates, Double Delight, Open Road Media",
"text": "His mother had punished him when he'd deserved it. She'd loved him, he was “all she had,” but she'd punished him, too.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misconduct",
"misconduct"
],
[
"administer",
"administer"
],
[
"disciplinary",
"disciplinary"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Valerie Polakow, Lives on the Edge: Single Mothers and Their Children in the Other America, University of Chicago Press, page 68",
"text": "But each effort that Anna makes —and she has attempted many— meets with obstacles from a welfare bureaucracy that punishes single mothers for initiative and partial economic self-sufficiency.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Seth Benardete, The Bow and the Lyre: A Platonic Reading of the Odyssey, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, page 5",
"text": "Homer, moreover, gives the impression that the Sun punished Odysseus's men; but we are later told that the Sun cannot punish individual men […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Gordon Wright, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., page 44",
"text": "The rider who comes back on his horse in mid-air over a fence is punishing his horse severely.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unfair",
"unfair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To treat harshly and unfairly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mistreat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To handle or beat severely; to maul."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Doc Greene, The Memory Collector, page 49",
"text": "A few moments later, we were all sitting around the veranda of the hunters' dining hall, punishing the gin, as usual.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume a large quantity of."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) To consume a large quantity of."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌnɪʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌnɪʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-punish.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg/En-us-punish.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-punish.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "punishe"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ndëshkoj"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāqaba",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "عَاقَبَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qāṣaṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "قَاصَصَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "iqtaṣṣa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "اِقْتَصَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جَزَى"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzalandırmaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cəzasını vermək"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "zigortu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pakarácʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пакара́ць"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "donḍo dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "দণ্ড দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śaja dettoẏa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "সাজা দেত্তয়া"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakázvam",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́звам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakáža",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нака́жа"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.pracpe:",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "အပြစ်ပေး"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcum:ma.",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ဆုံးမ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "osdvdisdi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ᎣᏍᏛᏗᏍᏗ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chéngfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "惩罚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "處罰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǔfá",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "处罚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìcái",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "制裁"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kessydhya"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "afstraffen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestraffen"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "ḫsf",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "x-s-U35-A24"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "njk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "n-i-k:G37"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "puni"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "karistama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "châtier"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cjastiâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dasǯa",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "დასჯა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wlizjan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "𐍅𐌻𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "timoró",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρώ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "timōréō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "τιμωρέω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolázō",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "κολάζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "he'enísh",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "הֶעֱנִישׁ"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "silot"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "सज़ा देना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "büntet"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "refsa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangaissa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "rangata"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cuir pionós ar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "aifir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"alt": "ばっする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bassuru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "罰する"
},
{
"alt": "ちょうばつする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōbatsu suru",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "懲罰する"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jazalau",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалау"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑñcaal",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "បញ្ចាល"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "phdɑntiə",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ផ្ដន្ទា"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "tɔɔ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ទរ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beoljuda",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "벌주다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jingbeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "징벌하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "cheobeolhada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "처벌하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eungjinghada",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "응징하다"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jazaloo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "жазалоо"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "long thōt",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ລົງໂທດ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "multō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "pūniō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "sodīt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nosodīt"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bausti"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "nubausti"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "strafen"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "strofen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "bestrofen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kaznuva",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "казнува"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kazni",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "казни"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "menghukum"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"code": "lus",
"lang": "Mizo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "hrem"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "šiitgex",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "шийтгэх"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uâdhiɓu"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "uhukumu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wrecan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wītnian"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "adabuu"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "adab kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ادب کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mojâzât kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "مجازات کردن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punì"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "karać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukarać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "maqakuy"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "wanay"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "a pedepsi"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "chastiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakazátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pokarátʹ",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "cayate",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "चयते"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "casticare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigae"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigare"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кажња́вати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"perfective"
],
"word": "ка̏знити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kažnjávati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "kȁzniti"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castijari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castiari"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "trestať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "potrestať"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kaznovati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "punir"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "kuadhibu"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "straffa"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ҷазо додан"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sazo dodan",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "сазо додан"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "taṇṭi",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "தண்டி"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "cäzalarga",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "җәзаларга"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "long-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ลงโทษ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-tôot",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ทำโทษ"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "nyes pa gtong",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ཉེས་པ་གཏོང"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "ceza vermek"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jezalandyrmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кара́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pokaráty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "покара́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakázuvaty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нака́зувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazáty",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наказа́ти"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sazā denā",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "سزا دینا"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jazalimaq",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "جازالىماق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazolamoq"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "jazo bermoq"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "phạt"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "trừng phạt"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bashtrofn",
"sense": "to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct",
"word": "באַשטראָפֿן"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "kurittaa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "castigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat harshly and unfairly",
"word": "maltratar"
}
],
"word": "punish"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Telugu: __IGNORE__ (1)",
"path": [
"punish"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "punish",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.